Food and Cooking Vocabulary.doc

Food and Cooking VocabularyCooking MethodsTo stir-fry 炒To stew 炖To roast 烧To boil 煮To steam 蒸To pan-fry 煎To grill烤To deep fry油炸 (to fry in oil)To bake 烘烤To blanch to cook or dip food very quickly into hot water (usually for vegetables)To broil to cook food by placing it directly under or over a heat sourceOther Cooking Styles:To steam (in a sealed container) 焗 To braise 烩To simmer (in a covered container) 焖 (in English food made this way is called a “casserole”)To simmer (to cook over a slow fire) 炆To simmer (to cook over a low heat) 煨To pot-stew 卤To boil/to stew 熬To soak 泡NOTE: When describing a foods name, we used the adjective form of the word. For example, 煎饺 would be written “pan-fried dumplings” and not “pan-fry dumplings.”Preparation MethodsTo chop/cut 切 to cut into small piecesTo mince to cut into very, very small piecesTo grind 绞碎 to press food into a powderTo blend to mix togetherTo pour 倒To marinate to let a food sit in sauce or other flavorings for a period of time (ex. marinate the chicken for an hour)To stir 搅To shake 摇To peel 剥，削Main IngredientsVegetablesCucumber 黄瓜White radish, daikon 白萝卜Carrot 胡萝卜Winter Melon 冬瓜Bitter Melon 苦瓜Lettuce 生菜Kai-lan, Chinese broccoli 芥兰Pak choi/Bok choy 小白菜 Mustard greens 梅干菜Turnip 芜菁Radish 萝卜Brussels sprouts 芽甘蓝Spinach 菠菜Bean sprouts 豆芽Taro 芋头Asparagus 芦笋Leek 韭菜Onion 洋葱Green onion 大葱Arugula 芝麻菜Sweet potato 红薯 Yam 地瓜Pickled Chinese cabbage 酸菜Snow pea 荷兰豆Green bean 四季豆Chinese yam 山药 Watercress 水田芥Red bean 红豆Kidney bean 芸豆Black bean 黑豆Green soybean 青豆Chickpea 鹰嘴豆Pinto bean 斑豆Lima bean 小菜豆Baby bok choy 青菜Choy sum 菜心Chicory 菊苣Garland Chrysanthemum 茼蒿Crowndaisy Chrysanthemum 蓬蒿Komatsuna 小松菜Chinese cabbage 大白菜Burdock 牛蒡Okra 秋葵Garlic 大蒜 Potato 土豆 Rape (seed), canola 油菜Tomato 番茄，西红柿 Eggplant 茄子 Cauliflower 花菜 Pea 豌豆 Lotus root 莲藕Celery 芹菜 Wood ear fungus 木耳Pepper 辣椒 Bell pepper 青椒 Mushroom 蘑菇 - Shiitake mushroom 香菇 - Enoki mushroom 金针菇- Oyster mushroom平菇- Shaggy mane mushroom 鸡腿菇- Black winter mushroom 冬菇- Straw mushroom 草菇Soybean 黄豆 Bamboo shoots 竹笋Water chestnuts 荸荠，马蹄Towel gourd 丝瓜Gourd 葫芦Zucchini 西葫芦Avocado 鳄梨，牛油果Olive 橄榄Day lily 金针菜Baby cabbage 娃娃菜Kimchi, pickled vegetables 泡菜Seasonal vegetables 时蔬SeafoodFish 鱼- Snakehead fish黑鱼- Catfish 鲶鱼- Carp 鲤鱼- Crucian carp 鲫鱼- Tilapia 罗非鱼- Tuna 金枪鱼- Salmon 三文鱼- Grass carp 草鱼- Pomfret, butterfish鲳鱼- Bream 武昌鱼- Yellow croaker 黄花鱼- Cod 鳕鱼- Porgy, sea bream 鲷鱼- Swordfish 剑鱼- Hairtail 带鱼- Grouper 石斑鱼- Halibut 大比目鱼- Red Snapper 红笛鲷 - Sea Bass 海鲈鱼- Mahimahi 鲯鳅- Sturgeon 鲟- Bass, perch 鲈鱼- Loach 泥鳅Shrimp 虾Cuttlefish 墨鱼Soft-shelled turtle 甲鱼Mussel 贻贝，Clam 蛤，蚌Oyster 蚝，蛎Octopus 章鱼Squid 鱿鱼Crab 螃蟹Hairy crab 大闸蟹Lobster 龙虾Crawfish 淡水螯虾Sea snail 海螺Scallop 扇贝Abalone 鲍鱼Sea cucumber 海参Eel 鳗鱼，白鳝Jellyfish 海蜇MeatsPork 猪肉Beef 牛肉- Beef ribs 牛排- Cow tongue 牛舌- Beef tenderloin 牛腩- Beefsteak 牛扒Veal 小牛肉Lamb/Mutton 羊肉Donkey 驴肉Venison 鹿肉Duck 鸭肉Goose 鹅肉Dog 狗肉Rabbit 兔肉Chicken 鸡肉- Chicken leg/drumstick 鸡腿 (usually more roundly shaped at the end like a drumstick)- Chicken thigh 鸡腿 (larger than a chicken leg)- Chicken feet 鸡爪- Chicken breast 鸡胸，鸡脯- Chicken wing 鸡翅- Chicken gizzards 鸡胗Pigeon/Dove 鸽子Quail 鹌鹑Turkey 火鸡Ham 火腿Bacon 培根Steamed fatty pork 扣肉Sausage 香肠_ ball 丸 (ex. 肉丸meatball, 鱼丸 fish ball)Tendons 蹄筋Intestines 肥肠Tenderloin 里脊Silkworm 蚕Tripe 肚Spareribs 排骨_ pieces 杂 (ex. 鸡杂 chicken pieces)FruitsApple 苹果Orange 橙子Tangerine, mandarin orange橘子Dragon fruit 火龙果Red date 红枣Jujube, Chinese date 枣Pumpkin 南瓜Muskmelon 香瓜Watermelon 西瓜Sweet melon 甜瓜Strawberry 草莓Cherry 樱桃Grape 葡萄Raspberry 覆盆子Cranberry 蔓越橘Banana 香蕉Peach 桃子Sugarcane 甘蔗Pomegranate 石榴Grapefruit 柚子Pineapple 菠萝Coconut 椰子Pear 梨Goji berry, wolfberry 枸杞Kiwi 猕猴桃Loquat 枇杷 Plum 李子Fig 无花果Lychee 荔枝Papaya 木瓜Longan 桂圆 ，龙眼Persimmon 柿子 Star fruit 杨桃Lemon 柠檬Lime 青柠Mango 芒果Hawthorn berries 山楂Mulberry 桑葚 Raisin 葡萄干Cantaloupe 哈密瓜 Waxberry 杨梅 Durian 榴莲 Apricot 杏子Mangosteen山竹 Kumquat 金桔 Rambutan红毛丹 Plantain 芭蕉 Sweetsop, sugar-apple 番荔枝 , Passion fruit 百香果 Guava 番石榴 Blueberry 蓝莓 Peruvian cherry 灯笼果 Jackfruit 菠萝蜜 Black currant 黑布仑 Wax apple 莲雾 Egg fruit 蛋黄果 Quince 榅桲 Blackberry 黑莓Other PlantsMint 薄荷 Aloe 芦荟 Indocalamus (a type of bamboo) 箬竹 Ginseng 人参 Gingko 银杏 Wild herbs 野菜Jobs tears薏苡Cassia seeds 决明子Fox nuts 芡实Cuscuta seeds 菟丝子Fritillaria 川贝母Kudzu root 葛根Licorice 甘草Lily bulb 百合Perilla leaf 紫苏叶Seaweed 海带NutsWalnut 核桃 Hazelnut, filbert 榛子 Chestnut 栗子 Peanut 花生 Almond 杏仁 Cashew 腰果 Pistachio 开心果Sunflower seed瓜子Pine nut 松仁 Sweet FoodsCookie 曲奇Cake 蛋糕Pie 派Ice cream 冰淇林Chocolate 巧克力Sweet dumplings 汤圆Honey 蜂蜜Custard 蛋奶糕Dairy FoodsCheese 奶酪Yogurt 酸奶Butter 黄油Cream 奶油Milk 牛奶Snack FoodsCracker 饼干Potato chips 薯片Muffin 松饼Fava beans 蚕豆Other FoodsTofu 豆腐Tofu skin 豆皮Gluten 面筋Pizza 比萨Sushi 寿司Sashimi 刺身Sandwich 三明治Dim Sum 点心，饮茶Preserved eggs 松花蛋Salad 沙律，沙拉Hamburger 汉堡包French fries 薯条Jelly 果冻Pasta 意面Staple FoodsWhite Rice 米饭Fried Rice 炒饭Noodles 面Ramen 拉面Bread 面包Dumplings 饺子Steamed buns 馒头Steamed stuffed buns 包子Pancake, bun 饼 (ex. 煎饼)Wonton 馄饨Cellophane noodles 粉丝Rice noodles 米线Brown rice 糙米Wild rice 菰米，野生米Soba noodles 荞麦SoupsThick Soup 羹Soup 汤Stew 炖DrinksGreen tea 绿茶Black tea 红茶Puer tea 普洱茶Oolong tea 乌龙茶Chrysanthemum tea 菊花茶Jasmine tea 茉莉花茶Milk tea 奶茶Bubble tea 珍珠奶茶Grapefruit tea 柚子茶Rose tea 玫瑰茶Fruit juice 果汁Coffee 咖啡Coke/Coca-cola 可乐，可口可乐Sprite 雪碧7 up 七喜Pepsi 百事可乐Fanta 芬达Soda 汽水FlavorsBitter 苦Sour 酸Sweet 甜Spicy 辣 (often in English you can also say “hot” to mean spicy ex. “This pepper is really hot!”)Salty 咸Fresh 新鲜Light 清淡 (in English we also use the word “bland” to mean 清淡 but “bland” is often used when a food is bad because has no flavor)Thick/strong 浓Savory 美味的, a pleasing or attractive tasteTexturesOily 油腻Smooth 滑Refreshing 爽Crunchy/crispy 脆Tender 嫩Dry 干Rough/coarse 粗糙Sticky 黏的Chewy 劲道Crumbly 易成粉末的Creamy 含奶油的Fluffy 松软的Seasonings, Sauces and SpicesVinegar 醋- White vinegar 白醋- Rice vinegar 米醋- Black rice vinegar 黑米醋- Glutinous rice vinegar 糯米粗- Chinkiang vinegar 镇江香醋- Shanxi vinegar 老陈醋White sugar 白糖Brown sugar 红糖Soy Sauce 酱油- Light soy sauce 生抽- Dark soy sauce 老抽Cooking starch/cornstarch 淀粉Fermented Black Beans 豆豉Garlic 蒜Cinnamon 肉桂Ginger 姜Black pepper 黑胡椒White pepper 白胡椒Sichuan pepper/prickly ash 花椒 Five spice 五香Star anise 八角Chili sauce/hot sauce 辣椒酱Hoisin sauce 海鲜酱Oyster sauce 蚝油Sesame oil 芝麻油Cooking wine/sherry 料酒Curry 咖喱Honey 蜂蜜Baking soda 发酵粉Cumin 孜然Cloves 丁香Wasabi 芥末Horseradish 辣根Cardamom 小豆蔻Basil 罗勒Cilantro 香菜Tarragon 龙蒿Saffron 藏红花Turmeric 姜黄Nutmeg 肉豆蔻Oregano 牛至Thyme 百里香Allspice 多果香，甘椒Bay leaf 月桂叶Aniseed 茴香 Parsley 香芹Coriander 干香菜，芫荽Dill 莳萝Lemongrass 香茅草Vanilla 香草Rosemary 迷迭香ConditionRaw/Unripe 生的Ripe 熟的Rotten/Spoiled 烂的Undercooked not cooked long enoughOvercooked cooked for too longOther WordsFlavor 味道Filling 馅Cooking Flavors and StylesNOTE: Put the name of the actual food where the “” is. For example, 清蒸鲈鱼 would be “bass steamed in clear soup”, or白灼牛肉 would be “Flash fried beef”.braised in