英美概况4套练习题.doc

ExercisesExercise 1一、是非题Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（ ）1. The Articles of Confederation is the oldest written constitution in the world.（ ）2. America is a name given by Columbus.（ ）3. The United Kingdom is a federal， not a unitary state.（ ）4. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nation was to be formed.（ ）5. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland.（ ）6. The checks and balance system in America was based on division of power.（ ）7. London， the capital of the UK， is situated on the Severn River near its mouth.（ ）8. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John.（ ）9. James I was the king who was executed during the English Bourgeois Revolution.（ ）10. The Chartist Movement finally succeeded and it constituted a glorious page in the history of the workers struggle for liberation.（ ）11. Grammar schools emphasize academic studies and teach a wide range of subjects.（ ）12. Members of Parliament （MPs） are those who inherit the noble titles.（ ）13. British people chose Franklin Roosevelt as Prime Minister in 1940 when the W.W. II broke out.（ ）14. Henry VII was responsible for the founding the Church of England.（ ）15. The destruction of the Spanish Armada not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansion.（ ）16. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people.（ ）17. The first successful English colony in North America was planted in Virginia in 1620.（ ）18. The Wars of the Roses affected the ordinary people very much.（ ）19. The Queen formally appoints all government office holders except the Prime Minister.（ ）20. The Hundred Years War refers to the intermittent war between France and England that lasted from 1337 to 1453.二、名词解释Explain the following terms in English：1. The Great Depression2. Industrial Revolution3. Melting Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution三、简答题Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. 1. When was the Second War with England in American history？2. What are the two major political parties in Britain？3. What is the general climate in Britain？4. Which American president was involved in Watergate Affair？5. What is the most important river in Britain？四、论述题Write between 100-150 words on the following topic：Norman Conquest and its influence？参考答案一、15 FFFTF 610 TFTFF 1115 TFFFT 1620TFFFT二、1.On October 24，1929，the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups，it is also known as a “melting pot，” meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague，an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague，much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.三、1. The Second War between America and England was during 18121814.2. The two major political parties in Britain are Conservative Party and Labor Party.3. Britain enjoys maritime climate.4. Richard Nixon was involved in Watergate Scandal.5. The most important river in Britain is Thames River.四In 1066 the army of William，Duke of Normandy，defeated King Harolds troops. He was crowned King of England. He then built a string of defense castle ensure his military control of the whole country. This is the Norman Conquest in British history. After the Norman Conquest， William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established， England. Relations with the Continent were opened. The civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture，language，manners，and architecture ere introduced.Exercise 2一、是非题Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（ ）1. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution.（ ）2. The stock market crash in 1929 was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S.（ ）3. George Washington was the first president of the United States.（ ）4. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution.（ ）5. Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence，and on July 4，1776， the Congress adopted the declaration.（ ）6. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.（ ）7. The word English means “the language that belongs to the Angles.”（ ）8. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”.（ ）9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of 397 square kilometers.（ ）10. Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston.（ ）11. The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances.（ ）12. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England.（ ）13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious（ ）14. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords： the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.（ ）15. William，Duke of Normandy，founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as “Father of the British Navy.”（ ）16. Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots，the Irish and the Welsh people.（ ）17. After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britains first ever woman prime minister in 1979， she adopted a new program to cure the “British disease”.（ ）18. America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian，but a new continent. As a result，the new continent was named after him and became known as America.（ ）19. Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July 14，1776，a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States.（ ）20. When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London，the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in 1782.二、名词解释Explain the following terms in English： 1. The New Deal2. counterculture movement3. checks and balances4. Constitutional monarchy5. Emancipation Proclamation三、简答题Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. What is the longest river in Britain？2. How long did the Wars of the Roses go on？3. When did American Civil War break out？4. What were the mainstream Americans called？5. What does American Congress consist of？四、论述题Write between 100-150 words on the following topic： Cold War参考答案一、15 FTTFF 610 TTTFF 1115 FFTTT 1620 FTTFT二、1. It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system.2. It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values， the aesthetic standards， the personal behavior, and the social relations of conventional society.3. Each of the three branches of the governmentthe legislative，the executive and the judicialhas part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check，or block，the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.4. A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice，the Sovereign reigns，but does not rule. In English history，constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5. On September 22，1862 during American Civil War，Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1， 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.三、1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. American Civil War began in 1861.4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.四、Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States， relying on its large economic and military strength， tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism， represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.Exercise 3I. Direction：Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A；B，C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet1. There are _ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. one B. two C. three D. four2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council；B. no serf should be arrested，imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century，and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwright4. In some areas factory farming methods are used，particularly for _.A. growing crop B. producing milk C. catching fish D. rearing poultry5. By tradition，the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime Minister B. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty，Britain established _ with dominion status in Ireland in1921.A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican Army D. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council7. Irish broadcasting began in _ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906 B. 1916 C. 1926 D. 19368. _ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A. Frederick Douglass B. George WashingtonC. John Adams D. Abraham Lincoln9. But even after the abolition of slavery，organized or individual discrimination was practiced against _.A. Chinese Americans B. American IndiansC. Japanese Americans D. black Americans10. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was _ percent in the United States.A. 1.1 B. 2.1 C. 3.1 D. 4.111. After a period of prosperity （1920 1929），government involvement in the economy increased _.A. during the Great Depression B. after the WW IC. after the WW II D. during the Cold War12. The United States grows nearly _ of the worlds grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.A. one third B. one fourth C. one sixth D. one seventh13. Through the Department of _，the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.A. State B. Justice C. Labor D. Defense14. The community college embodies _ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A. George Washingtons B. Thomas JeffersonsC. Abraham Lincolns D. Franklin Roosevelts15. The exploratory voyage made by _ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur Philip B. Mathew Flinders C. Port Jackson D. Peter Lalor16. After the outbreak of the First World War，Australia followed Britains lead and declared war on _.A. Japan B. Turkey C. Italy D. Germany17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the _ century.A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th D. 17th 18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _ of Canada.A. half B. two thirds C. one third D. four fifths19. In New Zealand，hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies _ of total energy.A. 15% B. 16% C. 17% D. 18%20. In the United States，Halloween is night - time _ holiday.A. childrens B. mens C. womens D. old mens21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _.A. the Great Western Plateau B. the OutbackC. the Eastern Highlands D. the Central Eastern Lowlands22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth23. New Zealand is the worlds largest exporters of _.A. lamb B. expertise C. honey D. potatoes24. Today _ is Irelands most influential daily.A. the Irish Press B. the Irish Independence C. the Irish Times D. the Irish Daily25. In the United States，_ is a leading commercial crop in the South.A. cotton B. tobacco C. peanut D. appleII. Directions Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true of false. Put T if you think it is true of F if you think it is false in the corresponding space on you answer sheet. 1. _ William Walworth launched the Peasant Revolt of 1381 in England.2. _ In the English Civil War， the Puritans were not the Kings opponents.3. _ The Chartists could be roughly divided into two groups： the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists.4. _ In Britain， changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff， who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.5. _ The British criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.6. _ As committed to the goal of a united Ireland， Dublin refuses to negotiate a settlement of the problem of Northern Ireland with London.7. _ After the abolition of slavery， organized or individual discrimination was never practiced against black Americans.8. _ When the Korean War broke out in June， 1950， Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.9. _ Canada possesses rich and vast natural resources which are significant in the Canadian economy.10. _ The rich green mountains and valleys make New Brunswick Nova Scotia， Prince Edward island， and Newfoundland the most beautiful in Canada.11. _ The minerals and energy industry is supplementary to the Australian economy.12. _ Captain Matthew Flinders exploratory voyage to Australia between 1802 and 1803 brought a close to an era of European discovery.13. _ In 1995， about 14% of the US population lived under the poverty line.14. _ In 1948， Ireland voted itself out of the British Common wealth.15. _ Formal education in the United States consists of elementary， secondary and higher education.III. Directions：For each of the following blanks，only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 1. The England Civil War not only overthrew _ in England， but also undermined the feudal rule in Europe.2. Two of the most important literary writers of the late 17th Century England were _ and _. Both were Puritans.3. During the WW II， the leaders of the United States， the Soviet Union and Britain met at _，_ and _ conferences.4. The American War of Independence show that a _ nation can defeat a _ one.5. Canadas early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based _： fishing， forestry， _ and mining.6. Britain is a welfare state