大豆食用油加工主要工艺中英文.doc

2、各车间工艺流程简述 Brief explanation of process diagram of each plant2.1 总工艺流程图Chief process flow diagram2.2 各车间工艺流程图Each plants process flow diagram2.2.1 油料预处理车间 Pretreatment plant of oil seed2.2.1.1计量measuring：连续自动计量进入生产线的原料 Measure input material and continuously.2.2.1.2清理cleaning：去除油料中草屑、枝叶等农业杂质 Remove grass, branches, leaves or other agriculture impurity from material；2.2.1.3除铁 removing steel：去除油料中的铁质杂质 Remove steel from material2.2.1.4去石 removing stone：去除油料中的砂、石 Remove sand and stone in the material2.2.1.5 软化softening：油料升温和调节水分 Heat material and adjust moisture content2.2.1.6轧坯 flaking:：压料成薄片，缩短油路 Press material to flakes to shorten oil path2.2.1.7烘干Drying：坯片受热升温、去水，同时内部组织发生变化 Heat flakes to remove moisture. At the same time internal structure of flakes has been changed.2.2.1.8冷却：烘干后坯料温度较高，通过风冷降温，同时去除部分水分 Temperature of heated flakes is high, cool them by air and remove moisture inside.2.2.2 浸出车间Extraction plant2.2.2.1 浸出Extraction：用正乙烷对大豆坯浸泡，萃取其中的油脂，分离出混合油和湿粕 Extract extruded Soya flakes by hexane to get oil and separate oil from wet meal 2.2.2.2混合油蒸发Miscella evaporation：加热混合油(含正已烷的油脂)，使其中的正已烷汽化蒸发 Heat miscella (oil with hexane) to evaporate hexane2.2.2.3汽提Steam stripping：利用直接蒸汽进一步蒸发出油中的正已烷 Evaporate hexane farther by direct steam2.2.2.4 真空干燥 Vacuum drying：在一定温度和真空的条件下，脱除油中水分。Under special conditions of temperature and vacuum, remove water away.2.2.2.5湿粕脱溶Wet meal desolventizing：采用加热和蒸烘的方法脱除湿粕中所含的正已烷 By heating and toasting wet meal to remove hexane in the meal2.2.2.6溶剂冷凝回收Solvent condensing and recycling：用冷凝和吸收等方法回收蒸发、汽提、脱溶过程中所挥发的溶剂,回收的溶剂再循环使用By condensation , absorption and other ways to recycle hexane volatizing from evaporation, steam stripping and desolventizing for circulation 2.2.2.7 系统产生的含溶尾气经石蜡回收后排放。Hexane in the tail gas from extraction system will be absorbed first, and be vented later.2.2.3 大豆粕包装车间 Soya meal packing plant2.2.3.1输送Transportation:：粕从浸出车间输送到粕冷却车间 Transport meal from extraction plant to meal cooling plant2.2.3.2 冷却：粕进入冷粕机再一次得到冷却,以便保证贮藏质量。2.2.3.3粉碎Meal breaking: 利用粉碎机粉碎大豆粕，以便贮藏包装 Break Soya meal by breaker for convenient packing and storage2.2.3.4定量包装Quantifying and packing： 按kg/包80kg/包自动打包 Automatically pack meal as 50kg per bag80kg per bag2.2.3.5除尘Dust removing: 设备运转时气流带走一些粕粉，利用除尘器进行捕集 Air coming from machines carries lots of meal powder, and collect them by cloneOur industry processes different kinds of oleaginous seeds, beans, fruits and nuts for the production of vegetable oils mainly for human consumption but also for animal feeding and for technical purposes and for the production of oilseed meals which are used as protein rich feeding stuffs. Usually crushing plants have integrated refining facilities that produce fatty products which can be intended for food, feed or technical usages. The flow charts here below illustrate the various steps of the oilseeds processing for the production of meals, crude and refined oils. Beneath, the main individual processing steps are described in further detail. Oilseeds crushing Cleaning, Drying and Preparation of the seeds/beans As a first step the seed/bean is cleaned and dried. Foreign material (like stones, glass and metal) is taken out by sieving and magnets and disposed of outside the feed chain. Drying is performed by avoiding contact with combustion gasses unless natural gas is used. The preparation of the seeds before an extraction step depends on the kind of seed/bean and the required quality of the meal. Some oilseeds, like soybeans and sunflower seed, may be dehulled after the cleaning step. After dehulling the meal will have a lower crude fibre content, and hence a higher protein content. The hulls can also be used for feeding purposes, as such or in pelletized form. Crushing and Heating In the past, crushing was done between mill stones that later became steel rolls. Hence the factories are known as oil mills and the process as oil milling or oil crushing. Seeds with a high oil content, like rape seed and sunflower seed, are usually mechanically pressed in expellers after a preheating step in indirectly heated conditioners. The expeller cake (or pressed cake) will then be further treated in the extractor, since it might still content from 4 to 8 or even 10 percent of oil. Although in some cases the expeller cake is not further extracted but after deep expelling sold as such for feed purposes. The expeller works as follows: the oil bearing material is fed into one end of a cylinder within which a power-driven worm conveyor forces the material to the other end of the cylinder and out against resistance. The pressure exerted in the process squeezes out the oil. Soybeans, with a relatively low oil content, are thermally treated, mechanically crushed and used as raw material/flakes for further extraction. Sometimes the raw material is pressed without heating; such oils are known as cold-pressed oils. Since cold pressing does not extract all the oil, it is practiced only in the production of a few special edible oils, i.e. olive oil. Degumming Crude oils having relatively high levels of phosphatides (e.g., soybean oil) may be degummed prior to refining to remove the majority of those phospholipid compounds. During the degumming process the crude oil is treated with a limited amount of water in order to hydrate the phosphatides and then separate them by centrifugation. After the degumming process, the crude oil is dried. Soybean oil is the most common oil to be degummed; the phospholipids are often recovered and further processed to yield a variety of lecithin products. Pressed crude oil The resulting pressed crude oil can be consumed as such or be further refined. Solvent extraction Solvent extraction is used to separate oil from seeds/beans with the principle is to employ a volatile liquid in which the oil is freely soluble. The common solvent used by crushers is hexane*. The pre-processed seeds/beans are treated in a multistage counter-current process with solvent until the remaining oil content is reduced to the lowest possible level. * Hexane in accordance with Council Directive 88/344/EEC on extraction solvents used in the production of foodstuffs and food ingredients. Removing of solvent by distillation The miscella, a mixture of oil and solvent, is separated by distillation into two components, oil and solvent. The solvent is recycled into the extraction process. Extracted crude oil Crude oils obtained by pressing and/or extraction are sometimes used directly for food and feed purposes. In most cases, however, the crude oils are refined in a multistage process. Crude oils might contain substances and trace components, which are undesirable for taste, stability, appearance, and odour or may interfere with further processing. These substances and trace components include seed particles, impurities, phosphatides, carbohydrates, proteins, and traces of metals, pigments, waxes, oxidation products of fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticide residues. Internal specifications developed by the oils and fats sector stipulate that crude oils should meet certain quality requirements. In fact, this is a key step in ensuring that when refining is applied to this raw material, the fully refined oil is suitable for human consumption. Desolventing and Toasting The hexane-containing meal is treated in the desolventising toaster with the help of indirect heating and steam. The desolventising toasting process serves three purposes. Firstly, to win back the solvent from the meal, secondly to increase t