四六级作文材料-精华版.doc

对立观点型论说文对立观点型论说文结构模式 1.引出话题：一种观点认为另一种观点认为我的观点(结论) 2引出话题(一种情况)：一种观点认为我的态度(观点)写作要领：比较阐述两个不同的观点时，要有自己的观点倾向。对自己赞同的观点可以少花些笔墨，以便在表达自己的观点时还有话可说：对自己反对的观点可以多花些笔墨进行驳斥。如果提纲所列的两个观点自己都不同意，在评论这两个观点时可以平分笔墨。在文章的最后表明自己的态度或看法时，如果看法与文章前面列举的某种观点相同或相似并且需要论述理由时，切忌重复前面提到的论据。考生应该在打腹稿时合理分配论据。对立观点型论说文常用句型点明文章主题的常用句式1has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions Vary from person to person已经成为人们谈论的热门话题，不同的人对此有不同的看法。2There is all argumentmuch disagreementno consensus of opinions among people concerningoveras toon关于，人们的看法不尽相同。3. Nowadays，people are divided on the question as to whether如今关于的问题，人们的观点很不相同。4Different people have different viewsperspectives on不同的人对不同的见解。5 When being asked aboutdifferent people will offer different answers 当被问及时，不同的人会给出不同的答案。6.There is public debatediscussioncontroversy today about the problem of 如今关于的问题，公众已经展开了辩论讨论。7The issue of whether or nothas been widely argueddebated currently 关于是否的问题，如今公众已经展开了广泛的讨论。具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式1Some people suggestmaintainhold the opinion thatButHoweverWhile NeverthelessYetother people hold a different point of view 有些人认为，但是另外一些人却持有不同的观点。2Some people are inclined to think that0n the contraryIn contrastthere are still many people who wont agree，and they claim 一些人往往认为，但是仍然有些人对此表示异议，他们认为3When it comes tosome people thinkbelieve thatwhile others agreeclaim that the oppositereverse is true 当谈及的时候，有些人认为，但是其他人却站在相反意见的一边4Those who criticizeoppose toobject toargue thatBut people who advocatefavor，On the other hand，maintainassert that那些批评反对的人认为，但是赞成的人认为5Now it is commonlygenerallywidelyuniversally thoughtacceptedbelievedheld thatBut I wonderdoubt whether现在大家普遍认为，我却对此持怀疑态度6To the general publicpopular mind，But despitein spite ofI still believe 尽管大部分人(都认为)，我仍然认为7Nowadays，an overwhelming majority of people think thatNevertheless，there are still some People of the opinion that虽然如今绝大多数人认为，但是还是有些人认为。陈述自己观点的常用句式1For my partAs to meAs far as 1 am concerned，Id like to agree to the formermy favor goes to the first view就我而言，我赞同前一种观点。2I agree to the latter opinion to some extent 我比较同意后一种观点。3Im in favor ofIm on the side of 我赞成4In my opinion，both sides are partly rightWhen wewe should take into consideration a11 aspect of the problems and then make the right decision我认为双方都有一定的道理。当我们，我们应该全面地考虑该问题，然后做出正确的决定。5There is probably some truth in both argumentsstatements，but 两种观点都有一些道理，但是问题解决型论说文问题解决型论说文结构模式 1. 描述情况(问题)一分析原因一我的对策或看法 2提出问题一分析各种解决方法一结论问题解决型论说文写作要领 学生在动笔之前，应仔细阅读提纲，弄清楚作文每段内容的要求。从而避免出现只分析了问题产生的原因，却忘了提出解决问题的对策的情况：还要避免错误地将分析解决问题的方法理解成为分析问题产生的原因。在提出解决问题的方案时，切记要将方案和前一段中问题产生的原因相呼应，这样整篇作文才会显得结构紧凑，有理有据。在列举数个原因或对策时，切忌杂乱无章可以使用firstly，secondly，furthermore，finally等连接词来保证整段文章的连贯性和条理性。问题解决型论说文常用句型引出话题的常用句式1Nowadayshas become a problem we have to face 如今已经成为我们必须面对的问题。2Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem 现在越来越多的人开始关注的问题。3Althoughhas brought convenience to us，many people have begun to realize that it is the source of trouble as well尽管给我们带来了很多便利，但是很多人已经认识到它也会制造麻烦。4Recently，the rise in the phenomenon ofhas drawnarousedcaptured worldwide attention 最近现象的日益增多已经引起了全世界的注意。5Recently，the issueproblemquestions ofhas been brought into focusbrought to public attentionposed among public attention 最近的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。6. In recent years，many citiesnationspeople have been facedtroubled with the serious problem of在最近儿年里，很多城市国家人已经面临问题受到问题的干扰。7. With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization，more problems are brought to our attention随着日益发展的经济全球化和城市化，更多的问题受到我们的关注。8.Nowadays more and more people come to realizebe aware of the importance of 现在越来越多的人开始意识到的重要性。9. Thinks to Chinas reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation 由于改革开放政策，在过去的20年中中国经济取得了巨大的发展，社会发生了重大变革。10. With the rapidamazingfantastic developmentgrowthimprovement of economy, great changes have taken place in.随着经济的快速（惊人的，令人瞩目的）发展发生了巨大的变化。11. One of the urgentpressing problemsissues we are confronted with is that 我们正面临的一个紧迫问题是。12 It is undeniableThere is no denying the fact thathas become the utmost concern among people nowadays 不可否认已经成为人们最关注的问题。13. Once in a newspaper, I hit uponcame across a report that. 我曾经在报纸上看到一篇关于的报道：分析原因的常用句式1.Here are manyseverala number ofa variety of reasons for it. FirstSecondFinally这件事的起因很多，第一第二第三2. The reason can be listed as follows. For one thing,For another 原因有以下几点，一方面一个原因是另一方面3. What has possibly contributed to this problem? In the first placeln the second place 是什么导致了这个问题呢？首先其次4Perhaps the main，primarymost important reason is可能最主要，根本重要的原因是5is alsopartlysolelychiefly responsible for the problem. 也是问题产生的部分主要原因。6. It is no easy job to identify the reasons for. .which involves several complicated factors. For someFor others要找出的原因并不容易，因为其中牵涉到几方面的复杂，有人也许会将这个问题归结于7.A number of factors could account forlead tocontribute toresult inbe conductive to 几方面的因素可能导致8. This problem may result frombe attributable tobe largely due to/stem from a combination of factors这个问题是由很多因素造成的。 9. The explanation for this phenomenon involves many complex reasons. For one thing For another 这种现象的发生有很多复杂的原因。其一其二10. Some people may think that is to blame for this problem. but its causes go still/far deeper 一些人也许认为我们应该把这个问题归咎于，但是，这个问题还有更深层次的原因。11. It will exert a far-reachingprofound impactinfluenceeffect on. 它将对产生深远的影响。12. Admittedly, it may creategive rise tobring about a host of problems. 诚然，这将会导致很多的问题。13. There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon. 关于这个现象有各种各样的理由。提出解决方案的常用句式1. The first key factor to solve this problem isAnother key factor is 解决这个问题的第一关键是另一个关键是2. People have found many solutionsapproaches to dealing with this problem. 人们已经找到了许多解决这个问题的方法。3We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis. 我们可以想出很多办法来缓解目前的危机。4. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help 那么，如何来解决这个问题呢？这里有些建议可能会有点帮助。5. Faced with we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. 面对，我们应该采取一系列的措施来应对目前的形势。6It is high time that. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately真的应该必须。这里列举几个可以马上付诸实施的措施。7. Obviously if we ignoreare blind to this problem. the chances are thatit is most likely that there is every chance that.will be put in jeopardy. 显然，倘若我们对这一点置若罔闻的话很可能就会处于一种危险的境地。8. We need to take a freshclear look at this matter/ situation in a new perspective/from a wider standpointOtherwise, we wont come anywhere near solving it 我们应该从一个新的角度（一个更厂泛的角度）来看待这个问题。否则的话，我们将很难解决它。9It is essentialindispensable that proper actionseffective measures should be taken to reverse this situation/trend. 一为了扭转局势，我们有必要采取有效的措施。10. It is hopedsuggested that considerable / great efforts should be directed to/focused on. 希望（据建议）我们全力以赴 11.There is no easy /immediate solution /approach to the issues of but.might be beneficialhelpful. 并没有很容易的方法来解决这个问题，有可能会有帮助的。 12.No effective/simple Solution can be at handin sight to resolvetackle the problem or But the general awareness of the importance of.might be the first step in the right direction 虽然现在还看不到有望解决问题的有效的（容易的）方法，但是让人家意识到的重要性可能是解决这个问题的第步。说明利弊型论说文说明利弊型论说文的结构模式 在分别说明某一现象（事物）的优点或缺点时，切忌凌乱，一定要有条理。可以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly, secondly finally; For one thingFor another 在文章晟后一段表明自己的态度或看法时，考生最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的方法以减少某现象（事物）可能带来的负面效应。说明利弊型论说文的常用句型说明事物优点的常用句式I . There are several advantages inofThe firstbiggest advantage is that 有几方面的优点，第一个最大的优点是2.Nothing/Few things can equal /match with / be compared within terms of 在一方面，（几乎）没有什么东西可以和相媲美。 3.For allIn spite ofDespite the disadvantagesside effects. it has its compensating advantagesbeneficial effects尽管存在一些缺点负面影响，但它并非一无是处。4 has a positive impactinfluenceeffect on peoples lives. 对人们的生活起到一种积极的作用。5. is playing an increasing important role in peoples lives 在人们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用。说明事物缺点的常用句式1. However,just like anything else has its negative side as well 但是，和其他事物一样，也有其不好的一面。2.Of course，the disadvantages can not be ignored 当然；缺点也是不能忽视的。3 However，it still has some drawbacks。 但是它还是有一些缺陷。4. However, just as everything has two sides, . also has many disadvantages 但是正如每个事物都有两面性一样，也有很多缺点。5 However.may also causebring aboutlead toresult in / contribute to some problems. 但是，也可能诱发一些问题。6. However, its often blamed for its obvious defects. 但是，它经常因一些明显的缺陷而受剑指责。7 Everything has two sidesis no exception 每个事物都有两面性，也不例外8 As the proverb goes, every coin has its two sidesevery medal has its reverse is no exception 正如有句谚语所说的那样，每件事物都有利有弊。也毫不例外。9. However. the negative aspects are also apparentobviousevident. To begin withTo make matters worseWorst of all 不足之处也是显而易见的首先，：更糟的是，：最后。10 The side effects ,has exerted on human beings be boiled down to several major ones as followsFirst,Second,In addition，对人类产生的副作用归纳起来有以下方面。其一，：其二，：此外。表明事物利大于弊的常用句式1. As to me. I think the advantages outweighcarry more weight than the disadvantages.就我而言，我认为利大于弊。 2 Anyway, I sill believe has more advantages than disadvantages. 不管怎样，我仍然相信的利大于弊。3. But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side. 但就我而言，我认为它积极的一面更加重要。4. advantages of/ derived from.far outweighare much greater than the disadvantages /problemsentails 的优点远远多于它引发的问题。阐述主题型论说文阐述主题型论说文的结构模式格言成语：揭示蕴意以例证展开论证一结论（号召或建议）其他：1）一种现象一分析其中原因一我的看法（前景预测或评价） 2)引出主题一我的观点一结论阐述主题型论说文的写作要领 在平时学习英语的过程中，要注意记忆一些常用的谚语或格言并弄懂其中的含义。在举例说明谚语或格言所包含的道理时，要保证例证的说服力，以及多个例证的有机连接，切忌简单地罗列几个简单的例子。一般最重要、最典型的例子放在最前面以引起读者的兴趣。引出格言、谚语的常用句式1. Here is all old saying, .its the experience of our forefathers. However, it is correct in many cases even today，有一句谚语这句话是我们祖先的宝贵经验。然而在今天仍然是适用的。2. One of our ancient philosopher said,.Chinese people have always been holding their idea to be one of their stands of morality有位古代的哲人说过中国人一直将它视为道德标准之一。3One of the great early writers said that. 古代一位作家说过4 Takefor example， 以为例5A(good)case in point is. 一个典型的例子就是6. Perhaps the most importanttellingdramaticstriking example ofis 也许关于最重要有说服力有趣典型的例于是7I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of 我无法找到比例子更好的方式来证明这个观点。8 is often citedquoted as a familiar example of 作为一个熟悉的例子经常被引用来证明9 HistoryThis nationOur society is filled with examples of 历史上这个国家我们的社会中随处可见的例子。10Suppose that. 假如11. LegendRumor has it that据说，事实证明的常用句式1 No one can denydoubtignoreoverlook the fact that. 没人能否认怀疑忽略忽视这样一个事实，2. The ideaviewcriticism is barelyfully supported by facts. 这种想法观点批评在事实面前是站不住脚的。3. There is considerable evidence that.in favor of 说明显示表明证明4Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence that 最明显的证据就是5One may not forget the old days when我们也许不会忘记过去的日子，那时6A reliable dataevidencefacts pile(s)up to show /justify（justifies)point(s)to the view that 所有现有的证据都表明7Indications are thatevidence is that.有证据表明8As indicatedshown in the statistics证据表明，9. This has turned out the case， 事实证明了这一点。结论性结尾的常用句式1. From what have been discussed above, we may come toreachdraw the conclusion that. 根据以上讨论的内容，我们可以得出结论。2. Taking into account all the factors. we may safely arrive at the conclusion that 考虑到所有的因素，我们完全可以得出一个结论，就是3 In summaryln conclusionIn a wordIn briefIn shortTo sum upOn the whole, it is important that总而言之综上所述，非常重要。4. In summary, 1 would like to say thatis an issue that deserves immediate attention. 总而言之，我想说是一个值得立刻引起注意的问题。5. Personal/As far as I am concernedFor my part/as for me, I am in favor of the formerthe latter. 就个人而言，我同意前者（后者）的观点。图表作文图表作文写作策略 图表作文要求学生首先看懂图表旨在展示的内容，然后准确清晰地进行分析、描述和概括，最后得出合乎情理的结论。语言要求：图表作文必须做到用词正确、句型多变、语法精确，这就要求一篇文章不能重复使用同一个词、同一个句型，考生应该特别注意这一点要求。 内容要求：图表作文的信息载体是图表而不是文字，考生在写作过程中很容易将重要信息遗漏掉，所以在作文完成后，考生务必要在内容方面认真检查一遍，以免任何不必要的损失。趋势描写：图表的目的是通过对比、对照来说明问题，因此文章中也应该有描写有关对比、对照的趋势。此外，图表中给的数据和事实一般都比较多，切忌将图表中所罗列的数据进行逐一的简单翻译。在写作中，应注意去繁就简，抓住关键数据做文章。而且要心细眼明。在审题时必须弄清图表中所罗列的数据各代表什么、每种符号的意义、数据的单位是什么等等，切忌张冠李戴。数据导入：只是泛泛地谈某种趋势是远远不够的，必须有具体的数据来支撑。例如文章中说某事物在增长，紧随其后就应该导人数据来证明事物的增长。.分析问题：还应该根据图表信息对其内在的因果关系进行分析解构，然后提出自己的看法或对策。应紧扣主题，切忌泛泛而谈，越扯越远。要言之有理，言之有据。结构要求：图表作文也要求结构清晰、层次分明。在篇章结构上一定要注意衔接手段的使用。开头部分必须描写图表，这里应该包括趋势描写和数据支持。主体段落应该根据图表所提供的信息进行分析，阐述自己的观点和理由。结尾部分可以总结全文，加深读者的印象：也可以是发出号召，唤起读者的共鸣：还可以表示作者的信念，增强文章的感染力：同时，也可以提出问题，启发读者思考无论怎样，都应该注意既要做到与开头呼应又要概括全文，使读者有一个统一完整的概念。图表作文常用句型表示“说明”的常用句式 在说明图表的时候，要使用下列表示“说明”的常用句式，它们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处，有效的将他要说的话带出来。1As we can see from the chartgraphtablediagram从图表中可以看出2The chartgraphtablediagram showsdisplays that. 如图所示3 As(can be)shown inAccording to the chartgraphtablediagram 如图所示4The figuresstatistics in the chart reflectshowreveal (that). 图表中的数据表明5The chartgraphtablediagram illustratesdescribes 图表描述了6. It is clear/apparent from the chartgraphtablediagram that. 从图表我们可以清楚地看到表示“数据”的常用句式1.had the largest percentageproportion of.在方面具有很人的百分比。2.account(s)fortake(s)up l0% 占有10%.3Compared with AB has a higher percentage 与A相比，B有更高的比例。4On the top of me list is，Which accounts for 60% 占比重最高的是占60%。5At me bottom iswhich takes up 20% 占最低比重的是，占20%。6A is second to BA仅次于B。7. A is ranked /rated first, followed by B at 30%and C at 25% A占最高比重，紧随其后的是占30%的B和占25%的C。表示“数据变化”的常用句式a表示增加、减少和波动的常用结构1.The number of(private cars)increasedrose suddenlyrapidlydramaticallysubstantiallyconsiderablysharply/ sharply from.to从到期间，（私家车）的数量有了急剧的增长。2. There was a suddenrapiddramaticsubstantialconsiderablesharpsteep increase rise in the number of(private cars) fromto从到期间，（私家车）的数量有了急剧的增长。3. There was a boom in the number of(private cars)fromto 从到期间，（私家车）的数量有了急剧的增长4.The number of (private cars) climbedjumpedrose suddenlywent sharply up /soared toin 在（时间），（私家车）的数量猛增到（辆）。5. There was all evident apparentobvious increase in.fromto 从-到期间，在方面有明显的增长。6. The number of(private cars)increasedrose steadilygradually from.to 从到期间， （私家车）的数量有了稳定持续的增长。7 .There was a steady/gradual increase/rise in the number of (private cars) fromto 从到期间， （私家车）的数量有了稳定持续的增长。8.There was a slightslow increaserise in the number of(private cars)fromto 从到期间，（私家车）的数量有了稍微缓慢的增长。9.The number of(private cars)increasedrose slightlyslowly from.to 从到期问，（私家下）的数量有了稍微缓慢的增长。10.The number of(private cats)decreasedfelldropped suddenlyrapidlydramaticallysubstantiallysharplysteeply fromto 从到期间，（私家车）的数量有了急剧的下降。11.There was a suddenrapiddramaticsubstantialsharpsteep decreasedropreductiondecline in the number of(private cars)fromto 从到期间，（私家下）的数量有了急剧的下降。12. There Was a(n)evidentapparentobvious reductiondecline in. .from.to 从到期间，在方面有明显的下降。13. The number of(private cars)dropped sharplywent sharply down toin. 在（时间），（私家车）的数量急剧下降到（辆）。14.The number of(private cars)increasedrose by% fromto 在（时间），（私家车）的数量增加了百分之，15.The number of(private cars)felldroppeddeclined by% from.to_ 在-（时间），（私家车）的数量下降了百分之，16. There was a slight fluctuation in the number of(private cars)from.to_ 从到期间（私家车）的数量有轻微的波动。b表示变化不大或没有变化的常用结构1. The number of (private cars)remained steadystableconstant between.and 从到期间（私家车）的数量保持稳定。2. The number of(private cars)stayed the same betweenand3. There was littlehardly any change in the number of(private cars)between.and4. The number of(private cars)remained level between.and 从到期间，（私家车）的数量并没有发生变化。5 The number of(private cars)remained steady at approximatelybetween.and 从到期间，（私家车）的数量稳定在（辆）左右。6The number of(private cars)appeared to level（私家下）的数量开始稳定下来了。c表示最高点或最低点的常用结构1. The situationfigures reached a peaka high at %in. 情况（数据）在（时间）达到顶点， 为（数目）。2 The situationfigures bottomed out at.% in 情况（数据）在（时间）达到最低点，为（数目）。3The situationfigures peaked at. % in情况（数据）在（时间）达到顶点，为（数目）4. The situation/figures hit a trough at%in情况（数据）在（时间）达到最低点，为（数目）5. The number soared to a record high of数量剧增至历史新高，为（数目）。d表示倍数的常用结构1 A is twicethree timesfour times what it is in.与（时间）相比，A是原来的两倍（三/四倍）。2.A is twicethree timesfour runes the amount in.3.A is. twicethree timesfour times as muchmany asin.4 A is twicethree timesfour times more thanin 与（时间）相比A是原来的两倍（三倍、四倍）还要多。5. fromtoA increaseddropped more than six fold从到期间，A增加（减少）了六倍。6.The output of steel in 1990 was 400% up compared with in 1980. 与1980年相比1990年钢铁产量增加了四倍。7.The figure was roughly doubledtripledquintupled betweenand 从到期间，数字大概是原来的两倍（三倍、五倍）书信写作投诉信写作策略：开头段说明与收信人的相关性，并表明写作意图。主体段写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，可以说具体的理由，也可以说问题的具体体现方式，比如，表达你对此事所带来不便的感受、心情。此外，提出你对如何改进或者解决问题的建议，清楚表明你希望问题如何得到解决。结尾段表达你希望上述问题得到迅速解决的强烈愿望并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢，希望尽快得到满意的答复。常用句型1. I am writing to you to complain about 我现写信向你投诉有关2.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with. 我现写信向你表达对的不满。3. I am afraid that I have to inform you that. 我很遗憾地告诉你4. I am completely disappointed，upset to find 当我发现，我感到非常的失望（伤心）。5. There are some problems with. .tha