中考英语阅读方法

精品文档阅读方法理解一篇文章，首先要明白单词意思，然后是句子，然后是文章主题、篇章结构、作者观点，最后是例子、分析等细节。首先是单词意思，这个只能靠平时积累词汇，但是也不一定要认识文章中的每个单词，不懂的生词可以从上下文推断。但是有些句子，每个单词的意思都知道，整个句子的意思却一点都读不通。或者每个句子大概意思都明白，但是整篇文章却把握不了。这就需要我们掌握正确的阅读方法。一、句子长难句分析文章中出现套了一层甚至两三层的长难句，会非常影响我们的理解。出现长难句的时候，我们不应慌张，只需要冷静分析句子结构，搞清句子成分之间的关系，就能清晰地梳理整个句子的意思。2011年河南省中考B篇The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality? A. In the daytime. B. At the beginning of sleep. C. At night. D. During the deep sleep. 阅读在句子层面的障碍1.含义的理解2.语序的确定句子1、简单句2、复合句简单句是只有一套主谓结构的句子基本句型5种：1. SVP 主谓2. SVi 主系表3. SV+O 主谓宾4. SV+O1+O2 主谓双宾5. SV+O+O2 主谓宾补基本句型 定语状语同位语插入语复杂句u 定语从句1. 关系代词引导定语从句: that, which, who, whom, whose( 其中that, which, who, whom引导的是非完整句, whose 引导的是完整句-主干完整)2. 关系连词（非关系副词）: when, where, why在句子中不作成分, 引导的是完整句3. 介词+关系代词（不会相当于关系副词）: in which, on which , with which, 没有in that(这个只能等同于Because)，此关系代词不包括whatThis is a desk on which there is a book. 跟完整句，相当于状语。This is Tom with whom I can solve the problem.l 非简单句的障碍来源如何拆解为若干个简单句的集合按照什么顺序来理解拆解后的简单句集l 非简单句的障碍解决方案n 找关联词u 关联词连词关系代词标点符号 冒号和句号The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.2011年河南省中考 A篇When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.I would like to say thank you to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire.2011年河南省中考B篇Everyone has got two personalities (性格) the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You dont show your secret personality when youre awake because you can control yourself, but when youre asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.1. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport.2. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.3. It is true that during their explorations they often face difficulties and dangers of most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder(颤栗) at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.n 句子之间的关联方式u 并列l 并列连词的用法并列连词的用法: 并列连词连接结构功能性质均相同的成分-必须完全对等for and nor but or yet so u 嵌套l 常见的复杂句形式宾语从句-S+V+THAT+句子(完整句) S+V+WHAT+句子(非完整句)，引导名词从句表语从句-S+系动词+表语+句子主语从句-That /What+句子+ V特殊的定语/同位语从句N+ that +句子+ 同位语(完整句) 定语从句(非完整句)S + Vi + that+ 句子: The sun rises that is bright.S + be + adj + that + 句子: The desk is clean that is used by the student(定语从句); The fact is true that Tom is handsome(同位语从句).状语从句时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句n 层次化句子阅读方法u 层次化结构的表示形式 并列嵌套的树形结构 任意非简单句都可以表示成层次化结构。括号匹配法：关联词动词括号主干画左括号的条件： 出现连接句子的关联词时：1. (关联词非完整句 2. 关联词(完整句画右括号的条件： 1.句子终结终结的标点符号(冒号，感叹号，分号，破折号)后续内容与当前句无关2.连接句子的并列连词之前或标点符号前The important position (that best shows your secret personality) is the one that (you go to sleep).2011年河南省中考 A篇When (my son, Mark, was in the third grade), he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.When (you help others), I know that (you will feel as good about it) as (I do now).I would like to say thank you to that very kind woman, and I tell her that (four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire).2011年河南省中考B篇Everyone has got two personalities the one (that is shown to the world) and the other (that is secret and real).You dont show your secret personality when (youre awake) because (you can control yourself), but when (youre asleep), your sleeping position shows the real you.练习：2009河南省中考A篇Can you imagine (what you could have been )if (you had an email)?2009河南省中考B篇In the UK, most children have their lunches at school, but in some schools, parents can choose (what their children eat).The children can have a school dinner a hot cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, (which includes cold food like sandwiches).We used to have a fast food window where (you got chips and coke), but they stopped that this year.Theres a salad restaurant, (which is good), so its healthier than it was.2011年河北省中考C篇Some people come to your life and you know at once that (they were sure to be there).But you know that (every moment they will affect your life in some serious way).Enjoy every day, even every moment and take it from everything (that you possibly can take), for you may never be able to experience it again. 2011年江西省中考A篇You can guess (how I feel )when （he pointed to a train ）(that was just moving out of the station).2011年江西省中考D篇I care about you enough to spend an hour making cookies that (you will eat up in 15 minutes if (I let you) ).2011年广西桂林市中考B篇During his visit, he said that (farmers right（权利）must be protected) and he warned(警告) that (no land should ever be taken against a farmers will(意愿) ).2011年广西桂林市中考D篇What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle a larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study.They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.Similarly, employers (雇主) feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary (没必要) for them to learn special skills to do their work.2011年北京中考A篇We enjoy talking about the funny things we did when we were children, and tell the same stupid jokes over and over again.Some people may wonder why Linda and I are best friends because we totally different, but I think this is why we are such good friends.2011年北京中考B篇When they have finished filming and taking photographs for the day, they have dinner and Dereck usually writes while Beverly looks at her photographs.2011年北京中考D篇If you cant, dont feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework.Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language.And you can bet your bottom dollar that when todays teenagers become tomorrows parents, they too will think this way.I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and its important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.2011年湖北黄冈市中考第1篇“Earthquakes seem to catch the lives of those who run,” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.Take a hiding-place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.2011年湖北黄冈市中考第2篇I must do my best in school because how well I do will influence where I go after this school year is over and it can affect the rest of my life.篇章结构阅读考点：1、事实信息2、主旨内涵文章分类1、记叙文时间、地点、人物、事情2、议论文逻辑观点3、说明文事实信息文章结构顺承式：时间及时间发展线索（线型结构）分类式：分类方式及类型特征（树型结构）阅读障碍 慢 不准确解决方案：边读边做笔记记叙文：时间画横线、地点画波浪线、人物画圈 议论文：主旨句画括号2011年河南省中考AWhen my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you, said the woman. It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no.Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.I would like to say thank you to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.( ) 46. When did the story probably happen? A. On Christmas Day. B. Before Christmas Day. C. On New Years Day. D. After New Years Day.( ) 47. When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in . A. with the writer B. by himself C. with the woman D. with his friends( ) 48. What happened to Mark in the supermarket? A. His gifts were stolen. B. He broke his basket. C. He lost his money. D. He lost his way. B Everyone has got two personalities (性格) the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You dont show your secret personality when youre awake because you can control yourself, but when youre asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.If you go to sleep on your back, youre a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You dont like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. Youre quite shy and you arent very confident.If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and youre always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. Youre shy and you dont usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. Youre usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you dont often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality? A. In the daytime. B. At the beginning of sleep. C. At night. D. During the deep sleep.( ) 53. Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep _. A. on curled up B. on her stomach C. on her back D. on her side( ) 55. What does the passage tell us? A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping. B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems. C. Sleeping positions show peoples secret personalities.D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.文章主旨题文章主旨=首段（末段）+关键词1、The best title for this passage.AWhen my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you, said the woman. It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no.Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.I would like to say thank you to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.( ) 50. Whats the best title for this passage? A. A big supermarket B. A kind woman C. A happy family D. A wonderful gift2010年河南中考（ ）50.What is the best title of this passage? A. My daydream B. My fathers son C. My famous father D. My happy family2009年河南中考2008河南中考BPeople know the dangers of fires.Its good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire.Here are some suggestions.Put a smoke alarm in the house.Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off.The alarm makes a loud sound.The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.Make escape(逃脱)plans.They should know all the ways out of the house.If there is a fire,everyone follows the plan to get out.Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器)in the house.Everyone in the family should know how to use them.Practise for a fire.They do fire practice because they teach children about fire safety.Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:Dont open a hot door!The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire.The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn?First,stop!Dont run!The fire burns faster because of more air.Drop! Fall to the floor.Then roll!Turning over and over will make the fire go out.Put a blanket(毯子)around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.There are many possible causes for fires.A wise family is ready all the time.If there is a fire,dont forget to call 199 for help.( )55.What is the best title for this passage?A.The Dangers of a Fire.C.Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher.B.The Causes of a Fire.D.Be Ready for a Fire.2007河南中考AFarmer John and Farmer Bob were neighbours. For more than 30 years, they had been getting along very well.Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence. One morning Farmer John woke up to find a stream between the two farms. “It must be Bob,” John thought.Then one day there was a knock on Johns door. He opened it to find a carpenter(木匠) standing at the doorway. “Im looking for a few days work,” the carpenter said.“I do have a job for you,” John said. “Look across the stream at that farm. Thats my neighbour Bob. He dug a stream between the two farms. I want you to build a fencean 8-foot fence. I dont want to see his place or his face any more. I dont have such a neighbour!”The carpenter said, “I think I know what to do, sir, and Ill be able to do a job that pleases you.”Farmer John helped the carpenter get the materials(材料) ready and then he was off for the day.About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmers eyes opened wide. There was no fence there at all!It was a bridge! And the neighbour, Bob, was coming across, with his hand outstretched(伸出). “Hi, John! Youre quite a fellow to build this bridge!” Then they met in the middle, taking each others hands. “Im terribly sorry for what I have said and done. We should be good to each other.” said Farmer Bob. Then they turned to see the carpenter, who was ready to go. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I have a lot of other jobs for you,” said Farmer John. “Id love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.”( ) 60. What is the best title for the passage? A. What a Big Fence! B. A Strong Bridge C. Three Kind Men D. A Fence or a Bridge?2011河北省中考2011年湖北黄冈中考（1） I had the meanest mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others h