商务英语名词解释 (2).doc

Annual ReportAn annual report is a report presented each year by the directors to the members and shareholders of a company, giving information about the companys trading activities and including certain documents which must be produced by law, namely the balance sheet, the profit and loss account, and the auditors and directors reportsTariff barriers are trade barriers that restrict imports but are not in the usual form of a tariff. Some common examples of NTBs are anti-dumping measures and countervailing duties, which, although they are called non-tariff barriers, have the effect of tariffs once they are enacted.Non-tariff barriers to trade (NTBs)are trade barriers that restrict imports but are not in the usual form of a tariff. Some common examples of NTBs are anti-dumping measures and countervailing duties, which, although they are called non-tariff barriers, have the effect of tariffs once they are enacted.Anti-dumping : The anti-dumping duty is the provisional additional duty levied by the importing countries on the imported products which are identified as exporting dumping and bring about damage to the relevant domestic industries in order to boycott the dumping of the exporting countries and protect the domestic industries. Dumping is defined as the act of a manufacturer in one country exporting a product to another country at a price which is either below the price it charges in its home market or if it can be proven that there has been a substantial increase of a specific good.Countervailing duties (CVDs) also known as anti-subsidy duties, are trade import duties imposed under WTO Rules to neutralize the negative effects of subsidies. They are imposed after an investigation finds that a foreign country subsidizes its exports, injuring domestic producers in the importing country. An inquiry is usually made by an importer to an exporter, asking for price lists, catalogs, samples, detailed specifications about the goods, and trade terms.General inquiriesFor price lists or catalogsSpecific inquiriesQuotations for certain articles, price terms, packing conditions, time of shipment, mode of payment, insuranceCIF (cost, insurance and fright) FOB (Free On Board)FAS (Free Alongside Ship): A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named port alongside a vessel designated by the buyer.Firm offer is clear, complete, and final, which cannot be withdrawn once it is accepted by the buyer.Nonfirm offer is not binding upon the seller and the de