初二上册六模块学案.doc

概念：现在完成时表示 发生的动作对现在的影响，还表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到 ，并有可能延续下去。句式构成：主语+ / + 标志词：已经 ，刚才 ，然而 ，曾经 ，从不 ，到目前为止 ，最近 ，最近 ，以前 ，在过去的.年里 ，到这学期为止 ，自从十年以前 ，十年了 。句式：1. 她完成了她的作业。She her homework. 她完成了她的作业了吗？ she her homework? 是的，她完成了。不，她没有完成。 . . 她没有完成她的作业。 . 她已经完成什么了？ ？ Sum up : 肯定句：主语+have/ has+P.P+其它。 疑问句：Have/ Has+主语+p.p+其它？Yes, 主语+has/ have. No, 主语+havent/ hasnt. 否定句：主语+have/ has+not+p.p+其它。 特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p+其它？现在完成时的反义疑问句：He has kept the book for three days. ?He has never been to America. ?He has few friends. ?用法-标志词的用法：already: 主要用于肯定句中表示“已经”，常与现在完成时连用，用于疑问句中表示惊讶的程度更强些。1. 她已经完成了这项工作。She the work.2. 她已经收到我的来信了吗？ she my letter?yet: 主要用于否定句表示“还”和疑问句中表“已经”。1. 我们还没有收到鲜花。We the flower .2. 她已经来了吗？不，还没有。Has he come ? No, .注意：在否定句和疑问句中习惯用yet代替already。We have received already the letter. Have you received the letter ?ever: 用于疑问句中表示“曾经”你曾经去过北京吗？Have you been to Beijing?在过去的十年里我学了许多单词。I many words / ten years.since+时间点与for+时间段的相互转化：要注意使用延续性动词。如：I have studied English for 10 years.= I have studied English since 10 years ago. 我在这所学校工作十年了。I in the school ten years .= I in the school ten years .她去世三年了。 . .since 的两个常见句型Its +时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）或一段时间+完成时结构+since+从句（一般过去时）从她离开已经三年了。 她起床一个小时了。 瞬间性动词的转化：瞬间动词不能和表示时间段的for短语或since短语（从句）连用，也不能出现在由how long 引导的疑问句中，但可以和already, never, just, ever, before等连用。请牢记下表：begin/ start , come back , open , die , leave close marry return fall asleep fall ill join/become borrow buy become leave have gone to, have been to, have been in/athave gone to+地点，含义为：某人去了某地，现在没有回来，可能在去的途中，或已经到了目的地。He has gone to Shanghai. (He is on the way to Shanghai. / He is in Shanghai now. / He isnt here)have been to+地点，含义为：某人去过某地，此时已回到说话处。常与twice, several times, ever, never 等词组或副词搭配使用。The old man has been to China three times.have been in / at +地点,含义为：在某地呆了多久，后面必须用表示一段时间的状语。如果接的是地点副词here/ there 时，不用介词at/ in.How long have you been in Paris?We have been here for about two hours.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：意义不同：一般过去时只表示过去，而现在完成时既联系现在又涉及过去。He has lived here since 1987. 他从1987年开始就住在这。（对现在的影响是他还住在这）。He lived here in 1987. 他1987年住在这。（仅说明过去）学案习题：一、选择题：1. -Hello! Can I speak to Alice? -Sorry, she isnt here right now. She to the shop.A goes B will go C has gone D was going2. you the film Harry Potter5? Not yet. Ill see it this Sunday. A Did, see B Are, seeing C Have, seen D Do, see3. When your mother you that blue dress, Marry? Sorry, I really cant remember.A does, buy B has bought C had, bought D did, buy4. Hasnt Betty come yet? No, and I for her nearly 2 hours. A wait B waited C have waited D had waited5. He the English-Chinese dictionary for about twenty years, but it is still new. A has bought B has borrowed C has had D has have6. I wont forget my teacher because she so kind to me since I came to this school. A has been C will be C was D is7. Look! The light is still on in Mr Zhangs office. Im afraid he his work yet. A doesnt finish B didnt finish C hasnt finish D wont finish8. The watch I lost yesterday in the desk. A has found B found C has been found D is found9. Bad luck! Its too late! It doesnt matter, the movie for only a few minutes . You cant miss it. A has begun B has been on C began D was on二、补全对话M: Hello! Sandy. This is Mike. Whats up?S: Im watching an interesting TV programme. ?M: Well, Im reading Kittys letter from Hong Kong.S: Kitty has written a letter! ?M: I have had her letter for five days. I received it last Sunday. Now Im reading it again.S: She must be very happy now, isnt she?M: She says she enjoys everything there. Sandy, do you want to go to the supermarket with me tomorrow?S: That sounds great. Im going to buy a gift for my parents. This Sunday is an important day for them. M: Do you mean they will celebrate their fifteen years of marriage t