简奥斯汀傲慢与偏见英文论文.doc

山东工商学院外国语学院2014届英语本科毕业论文 摘 要简奥斯汀（17751817）是英国文学史上一位非常出色的女性作家。她在短暂的一生中虽然主要创作了六部作品，但这丝毫没影响她在文学史上的地位。她的作品主题都是爱情与婚姻，而最能反映出她的婚姻观的就要数傲慢与偏见了，傲慢与偏见以班内特家5个女儿的爱情婚姻为基点，通过对四段婚姻的分析，体现出作者的爱情婚姻观。爱情、金钱、社会地位、性格等都是婚姻中必须要考虑的因素，爱情和相互尊重是婚姻的基础，但金钱也为婚姻稳定提供了条件，婚姻是个严肃的问题，综合考虑各种因素的爱情婚姻才是幸福的。这种婚姻观对当时和现在的社会都有着深远的影响。本文主要通过对人物性格及其婚姻进行分析，探索作者所倡导的正确婚姻观。主要分为三个部分：第一部分主要分析作者所生活的时代背景以及其生活经历；第二部分着重通过对小说人物形象和他们的婚姻的分析，揭示作者的婚姻观；第三部分主要讨论作者的婚姻观以及这种婚姻观对我们的启示和影响。通过查阅大量文献，结合作者的生活经历，总结出作者以爱情为基础的婚姻观，提出婚姻在我们每个人的一生中都占有重要的位置，它关系着我们是否能够幸福快乐的生活，选择好自己的婚姻对象自然尤为重要。其中，爱情是基础。简奥斯汀的婚姻观给了我们重大启示，为我们寻找幸福的婚姻指明了方向，而且对女性独立自由意识的觉醒也有重要影响。关键词：傲慢与偏见；婚姻；爱情；金钱；启示AbstractJane Austen (17751817) is one of the most excellent female writers of English literature. Although in her short life, Austen only created six works，her effect in literary world has never changed. The theme of all her novels is love and marriage, and among all, Pride and Prejudice is the work that can best reflect Jane Austens views of marriage. Pride and Prejudice mainly focuses on the love and marriage of five girls from Bennet. The novel reflects the authors views on love marriage: love, money, status and character. Marriage should be based on love and respect, and in addition, money provides the practical foundation for the stability of the marriage. Taking all of the factors into consideration, we can establish a happy marriage. This thesis aims at exploring Jane Austens marital views by analyzing the personality and marriages of the characters in the novel. It can be divided into three parts: the first part deals with the background of the society and Jane Austens life experience; the second part deals with the analysis of the main characters and their marriage with the aim of revealing the writers views on marriage; the last part focuses on the effect and inspiration from Jane Austens view on marriage. We can get the conclusion that marriage plays an important role in our lives, since it has a lot to do with our happiness. Choosing a suitable partner for marriage means a lot; therefore, love should be put on the first place. Jane Austens views of marriage give us much inspiration, it can also rouse females sense of independence and freedom. Key words: Pride and Prejudice; marriage; love; inspirationContentsAbstract (Chinese).iAbstract (English).iiContents.iii1.0 Introduction.12.0 The background of society and Jane Austen.23.0 Four different marriages in Pride and Prejudice. .33.1 Elizabeth and Darcys marriage.33.2 Jane and Bingleys marriage.43.3 Chalotte and Collins marriage.53.4 Lydia and Wickhams marriage. .64.0Analysis and understandings of the four marriages.64.1Perfect marriage based on true love64.2Happy marriage based on sense and similar interest.74.3Pathetic marriage based on money or benefits.74.4 Absurd marriage based on lust and vanity.84.5 Jane Austens views on marriage.85.0 The inspiration from Jane Austens views on marriage.96.0 Conclusion.10Acknowledgements.11References .12Appendix: Thesis Proposalii1.0 IntroductionJane Austen was born in a middle class family in 1775, and she spend her whole life in the countryside, she was so fascinated with the peaceful and ease life in countryside. Although she was unmarried the whole life, the theme of her novels were love and marriage, basically, the love and marriage between a gentleman and a fairy lady. Her best-known works are Emma (1815), Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Sense and Sensibility (1811).The novel talks about four different marriages: Collin and Challotes marriage which is based on money; Lydia and Wickhams marriage which is based on lust; Jane and Bingleys marriage which is based on sense, Elizabeth and Darcys marriage which is based on love. Which weighs the most in marriage, love, possession, or social status? Jane Austen has different attitude and description about the four marriages. The first sentence in this novel is impressive. It says: “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not love but possession, but Jane Austen tells us a different story. The main story of this novel happens between Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy. Elizabeth Bennet is a 20-year-old young lady. She is her fathers favourite daughter and inherits his intelligence and wisdom. Darcy is a pride and kind gentleman with great fortune. Although, they were not attracted by each other at the very beginning, because they all have some complaints about the other, Elizabeth loathes Darcys arrogance, and she also has some misunderstandings on him, Darcy thinks Elizabeth is a very proud girl, and her families leave an awful impression on him. But at last, they fall in love and have a happy marriage. What changes their attitude towards each other? Because the pride and prejudice between them is long gone. They finally know each other deeply and accept each other. Their marriage is rooted in their love and respect. Comparing with other marriages in the story, Elizabeth and Darcys marriage is the perfect one. The story reflects the authors marriage view: it is wrong to marry just for the possession, lust and position. She emphasizes the importance of the ideal marriage that we should marry for love and emotion. Elizabeth and Darcy have a happy ending not only because of their love, but to some extent, Darcys property provides them the material need. From this we can see the authors views: marriage is based on love, but property and position should be taken into account. In modern society, a lot of people marriage for money and social status, sometimes, it leads to a sad ending. I think, no matter when, Jane Austens views on marriage are of great value in leading us to the ideal marriage. My thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the society and Jane Austens life experience, and how does those factors influence her writings; the second chapter reveal the authors views on marriage and the standard of the ideal marriage advocated by Jane Austen through analyzing the characters and their marriage in the story; the last chapter talks about the conditions of the modern marriage and how to found the ideal marriage from the inspiration of Jane Austens view on marriage.2.0 The background of the society and Jane AustenIn 18th and 19th centuries, the England societys had serious social problems. One of the severest of these was the tendency to marry for money. A person sought a partner based on the dowry receivable and their allowance. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to be staying at home. Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband. This process went both ways: a beautiful woman might be able to snag a rich husband, or a charring and handsome man could woo a rich young girl. In these marriages, money was the only consideration. Love was left out, with the thought that it would develop as the years went by. Jane Austen (December 16, 1775-July 18, 1817), an outstanding female novelist of British, was born in the village of Steventon, near Basingstoke, in Hampshire. Her father is the local vicar. She did not have the normal schooling, but she got good education from familys literature teaching. From the end of the 18th century to the early 19th century, “the sentiment novel” and “the gothic novel” were the themes of English literature, while Austen made a different way. Most of her works were about romantic love. That might have something to do with her failure in marriage. Jane Austen was unmarried her whole life, but she had fallen in love with a young man. Their love was pure and faithful. However, this young man had to submit to the marriage that his aunt arranged for him, because he was under lots of burden from family. Then Jane broke up with him, since she did not want to stand in the way of the young mans future, and also in her opinion, marriage should be based on love. She loved no one else after that. That is the reason why she was unmarried all her life. So she put all her feelings in creating romantic and happy marriages.3.0 Four different marriages in Pride and Prejudice3.1 Elizabeth and Darcys marriageOnce Mr. Qian Zhongshu has compared marriage to a castle, but I dont think this marriage theory is suitable for Darcy and Elizabeth. The marriage is tortuous between them but deep-rooted of love based. As we all know, Elizabeth and Darcy left a quite bad impression on each other at the beginning. Elizabeth thinks Darcy is insolent and arrogant, and Darcy does not like Elizabeth because of Elizabeths social class and her indecent relatives. But Darcy finally realized Elizabeths preciousness, and Elizabeths prejudice and misunderstandings towards Darcy are gone. They deeply in love and possess a wonderful marriage at last. Their love and marriage are tortuous and kind of mysterious. I will analysis their marriage start with analyzing the two characters. Elizabeth Bennet is a person who is worth our imitation. She is a model because she is different from the others. She does not adhere rigidly to the standards set forth by society, she is self-reliant and independent. She is wit and intelligent. Most of the girls married in pursuit of money and fame at that time, even her best friend Chalotte who married a rich man for changing her poor conditions. However, Elizabeth is not submit to this mood of society. She would never violate her principle and her integrity. She is like the pure lotus that lives in mud but never contaminated by the dirty. That is the reason why she rejects Mr. Collins proposal, because she would not marry without love. On the other hand, she does not totally disregard social costumes. She has good manners; her slight breach of decorum is justified by walking alone to Nether field Park to visit her sister who is ill with her genuine concern. She has good manners. When Lady Catherine criticizes Elizabeth skill of playing piano, she can have good manners to keep polite. Mr. Darcy is pride on the surface, but we know he is warm-hearted. He is a good friend, he is afraid that Mr. Bingley would be cheated and hurt by Jane, although he is proved wrong later. He is a good brother; he takes care of his younger sister very well. He is kind; he helps Wickham and Lydia with money even though he was misunderstood by Elizabeth because of Wickhams rumors. The two peoples personalities are clear and sharp. At the first time, Elizabeth and her sisters go to attend the ball held in Meryton, and she is coldly treated by Darcy, but she uses her healthy sense of humor to joke about Mr. Darcys rude behavior at the ball. Darcy is handsome, tall, and intelligent, but not convivial, his indifferent manners are seen by many as an excessive pride and concern for social status. He makes a poor impression on strangers, but he is valued by those who know him well. He gradually finds out Elizabeths intelligence, wisdom and beauty. He begins pursuing her. However, at the beginning, Elizabeth rejects his love expression, because she does not like him, even looks down on him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeths eyes, Darcy is arrogant and unreasonable because he is rich and has high social status. Realizing that, Darcy begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly. Because of Darcys perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the prejudice on Darcy. Most importantly, the misunderstanding, prejudice and pride are disappearing as they know each other better and better. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So Elizabeth accept Darcys proposal at the second time, then they get married and have happy family lives. 3.2 Jane and Bingleys marriage In this novel, the combination of pleasant Bingley and mild Jane is one of the most blessed and happy marriages. The couple has similar interests and they insist on pursuing their true love which leads them to a happy and perfect marriage. Mr. Bingley was a handsome and gentleman with great fortune. As a young man who is well-bred, he was cordial and simple. With this character he never appeared dissatisfied. He is easy to get along and constant in love although he is extremely rich. However he is in short of strength and independence in his marriage which is a big weakness of him. In this story, Bingley is popular with almost everybody in everywhere. Jane is the oldest children in her family. She is an amiable and mild girl who possesses the most beautiful appearance among her sisters. As an introverted girl, she is faithful in love but lacks strength and self-confidence. She is too shy to profess her love towards Bingley, nor admit it, thought she has feelings for Bingley at the time they met. Sometimes she is a little innocent. In her eyes, everybody is nice. She never see through the rotten side of life even she is deceived. Her character is vividly showed in many parts of the novel. So it seems quite natural for Jane to fall in love with the pleasant and simple Bingley. They meet each other at the ball, they are attracted by each other at the first sight, and they dance and talk together. As times goes by, their feelings to each other are getting stronger. But Jane has no courage to express her love, she buries it in heart and for Bingley, he is not a strong and determined man. This is his advantage but also his disadvantage. His cordial and simple character causes his quiet romance with Jane. However, his weak and easily-led character causes his departure from Jane. He suddenly leaves Jane when their romance goes smoothly, which nearly put his pure love and marriage in end. To a great extent, Binley left Jane because of Darcys misunderstandings on Jane. They establish a steady and constant friendship although they have totally different characters. Darcy wants to help his friend. In his opinion, it is impossible for Jane to love Bingley. He thinks Jane love Bingley because Bingley is rich, but Bingleys love for Jane is pure. He doesnt want his best friend get hurt. So he persuades Bingley to stay away from Jane and she is not a good marriage option. But they do love each other. During those days when Jane stays in London at Mr. and Mrs. Gardiners invitation, she visits Bingleys sister in person in order to get some information of Mr. Bingley. At last, they get together after the misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy disappears. So the love and marriage between Jane and Bingley is pure and stable. They fall in love at first sight heartily. Their marriage is kind of tortuous just like Elizabeth and Darcys, but the true love wont stop them from being together. 3.3 Chalotte and Collins marriage Charlotte and Collinss marriage is the most realistic one in the story. Their marriage is based on money instead of love. Charlotte is the best friend of Elizabeth, but they are very different in the choice of marriage. Chalottes parents, like the Bennet couple, cant give her much fortune, and she is as sensible and intelligent as Elizabeth, but her pursuit for spiritual happiness is not as strong as that of Elizabeth. In addition, Chalotte is a plain girl who is a little bit prudent. As a woman who is 26 years old, her choice of marriage is entirely out of realistic consideration. When she first meets Collins, she sees his folly. When he asks her to marry him, she also clearly knows that Collins is certainly not a reasonable person. But she immediately says “yes”, because “Marriage has always been her aim, what kind of man she is going to marry as is less important”, marrying a rich man can shelter her from suffering poverty. She thinks money can bring her sense of security. William Collins, a man of 29 years old, is Mr. Bennets distant relatives, since Mr. Bennet has no son; Collins becomes the heir to Bennets estate. Jane Austen describes him as “not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society”. Informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he switches his aim at the second daughter Elizabeth, but Elizabeth has no feelings for him, whats more, Elizabeth gets tired of him. Eventually, she rejects him with sharp tongue. However, Collins quickly seeks comfort from Charlotte who is desperately in need of love from a male and believes marriage is the elegant way to save a poor girl from suffering, and then they get married as quickly as the lightning. Such marriage without love is too practical and realistic, so it is a kind of superficial marriage without happiness. Marriage is just a task for them, but Collins couples get what they want from marriage: Charlotte gets the stability and prosperity of life; Collins also gets a warm home. This is how they understand marriage. There is no love and same interests between them; their marriage is based on benefits. Although they get what