教育资讯外语选读.doc

教育資訊外語選讀 TERMS 第二次報告 95.11.29.曾介文(95412002)1. Dialectical Approaches A discussion or argument in which a thesis and its antithesis are broken down into related core ideas in order to help participants evaluate or challenge existing assumptions. Dialectical Approaches 辯證法一種討論或爭論，這種論述和反論被劃分為了幫助參加者評估或挑戰現有的假定的相關核心想法。2. Brain-based Learning An instructional model based on the idea that instructional activities are more effective if they occur in an environment compatible with the way the brain is designed to learn. Brain-based Learning Brain-Based (Compatible) Learning Principles for Learning Concept Classification CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES -Grade 6 - Classification以腦為基礎的學習法一個根據思想的教學模式, 如果他們發生在與環境及設計去學習的腦的方法相融時，這種教學活動會更有效率的。3. Cognitive Apprenticeship Cognitive apprenticeships take many forms, but the two key components are social interactions to allow students to work on problems that may be too difficult for them to handle individually, and a focus on real world problems using real-world tools. Cognitive Apprenticeship 認知學徒制認知學徒制採取許多形式, 但有二個關鍵組成成分，一是社會互動，其允許學生對他們而言單獨地處理也許是太難的問題,以及聚焦在一個用真實世界的工具解決現實世界問題。4. Computer Games Educational computer games can be purchased for students to use to review or explore concepts. Student can also design and create educational computer games to share with fellow students. What tasks or situations do elementary and middle children find authentic and meaningful? While there are undoubtedly many things to include on this list, we have chosen to focus on one - computer games.Constructivism at Work through Play (Kids Designing Computer Games)What is collaborative learning? 電腦遊戲學生購買教育有關的電腦遊戲用來複習或探索概念。學生也能設計和創造教育有關的電腦遊戲與同伴們分享。什麼任務或情況讓小學及中學孩子發現真實和有意義嗎? 無容置疑地有許多事包括在這張名單之中,我們選擇集中於一個-電腦遊戲。5. Deductive Inquiry A form of inquiry with four basic components: presentation of a generalization, discussion of core elements of the generalization, student exploration of the elements, student generation of relevant examples of the generalized concept. Deductive Inquiry推論式詢問法一種以四個基本構成要素的詢問方式: 一、歸納的呈現，二、討論歸納的核心元素，三、學生元素的探索，四、學生產生廣義概念的相關的例子。6. Application Teaching A constructivist approach centered on activities which involve learning which proceeds from more basic ideas to more complex. The expected products generated by the students are determined by the teacher. 應用教學法種從基本思想到複雜程序的學習活動為中心的建構主義方法。由學生產出令人期待的作品是由老師來決定的。7. Experiential Learning Carl Rogers theory that there are two types of learning: cognitive (memorizing or studying simply because work is assigned) and experiential (learning to satisfy the needs and wants of the learner). Studying a book with commonly used phrases in Norwegian is experiential if you are planning a trip to Norway, but the same activity is cognitive if you are taking a language class and the teacher assigns reading from the book. Carl Rogers Experiential Learning經驗學習法Carl Roger 的理論, 有二學習類型: 認知(簡單地記住或學習，只因為工作已被指定) 以及經驗(學會滿足學習者的需要) 。如果您計劃一次到挪威的旅行，學習一本以挪威語常用的語句的書即是經驗的學習法，但同樣活動如果您參加老師從那本書指定閱讀的語言課時則是認知的學習法。8. Facilitative Questioning To facilitate means to help another person accomplish something. Facilitative questioning is an approach whereby a teacher or counselor poses open-ended questions to the student to allow them to explore ideas that may be complex or emotionally difficult. In writing classes, the purpose of facilitative questions is to allow the teacher to give assistance to the students without actually contributing new ideas to the work being written. In counseling, the purpose of facilitative questions is to allow the student to generate their own solutions to problems or tasks without being unduly influenced by the counselors ideas. Facilitative questioning is used most often in situations where there is no right answer but the solution is dependent on what is best for the individual. Adult Bullying: Examples of useful facilitative questions促進提問法促進 意指幫助其它人完成某事。促進提問法是藉由老師或顧問提出開放性問題給學生的一種方法，並且允許他們探索也許是複雜或情感方面困難的想法。在寫作課裡, 促進提問法的目的將允許老師給學生協助，而不是對被寫作的工作的新想法有實際上貢獻。在諮商時，促進提問法的目的將允許學生產生他們自己對問題或任務的解答，而不是被顧問的想法過度影響。促進提問法經常被使用在沒有正確答案的情況，但解答最好是依賴自己來完成。9. Flash Cards Traditional flash cards are note cards with a question, problem, or fact on one side, and the answer or a related fact on the other side. Flash cards can be used by individual students for independent practice, or can be used by pairs of students to practice as a team. More recently, online flash cards have appeared on the Internet. Online flash cards take many forms, but typically include either a box where you can type in your answer, or have sets of answers to choose from. Flashcard Exchange Quiz Hub Printable Sign Language Flash Cards 閃示卡傳統閃示卡是以一個問題、問題, 或事實在一面的筆記卡片、而答案或一個相關事實在另一面。閃示卡由個別的學生為獨立練習而使用, 或可能由兩個學生配成一隊來練習。最近, 線上閃示卡出現在網際網路。線上閃示卡採取許多形式, 但典型地包括一個您能鍵入您的答案的位置, 或有可供選擇的成套答案。10. Scaffolding: An instructional technique in which the teacher breaks a complex task into smaller tasks, models the desired learning strategy or task, provides support as students learn to do the task, and t