四级写作技巧.doc

写作技巧1、 主题句的句型主题句应尽量清晰明了，简练，用词准确，力求用一句话清楚地表达该段的中心a、 表示人的名词或代词主语的句子b、 表示物的名词做主语的句子c、 用动名词短语来表达主题，做主语。d、 用“There +be + 名词”句型来写主题句。e、 用It is + Adj. +for sb. to do sth. 句型为了使文章更具有条理性，我们可以用first(ly) second(ly) third(ly)等副词，他们可以是文章的条例性更加突出。而不用after，then等不利于老师看出你作文的条理性的词。一个完整的段落包括三部分：主题句， 推展句和结论句。 一篇完整的四级作文包括三部分：引言，正文和结论。又称：三段论。 因此，可以说， 文章是段落的扩展，段落是文章的压缩。具体地说，四级作文实际是一个十二句话短文（十二句作文法） 引言段三句或四句话：开头句+主题句（中心思想句+承上启下的组织句） 正文段四或五句话：主题句+三个扩（推）展句 结论段四句或三句话：主题句+扩（推）展句+结论句引言段的常用写作方法1提问式以提问开头，激发读者兴趣，可自问自答，自然而然地引出下文。问题+答案（过渡句+提供答案的进一步论述）+中心思想句常用句型， What is ? Have you ever 2引用名言谚语法引用的谚语或名言+意义+主题（中心思想） 3话题式/现象法 With the rapid development of society/modern life/science and technology/peoples living standard, an increasing number of people have become aware of the importance of Recently, the issue of has becomeincreasingly controversial.Nowadays, a large number of students have become concerned about 文章结尾的常用写作方法重申主题句法In conclusion To conclude In all All things considered To conclude, no success can be achieved without laboring. Success is simply the fruit of hard work. In all, our school life is really interesting and colorful.总结（结论）法To sum up, the advantages of far outnumber/ outweigh the disadvantages. All things considered, the benefits of are more than the problems. Having taken all the factors into consideration, we can see that doing something. does more good than harm to somebody. 发表个人看法，总结全文In my opinion Personally, I think /believe I take the position that I hold/take the attitude that As far as I am concerned Were it left to me to decide 反问结尾法Dont you think it is necessary for us to ?Dont you think it is high/about time that we did sth.? Dont you agree with my idea/opinion that ?引言结论法True friendship cannot be bought with money. The proverb “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is really true. 提倡议号召（喊口号）法Lets join in the efforts to do Lets spare no efforts to do Lets take effective measures to do Lets take immediate actions to do Lets take practical steps to do 高分作文标志 1：是否长短句交叉； 2、是否会使用插入语； 3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词； 4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词； 5、句型使用是否准确、地道。 1. 适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开头不要总是用we/I(比如写结尾时不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：Itis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedbytheserviceindustrylikethat.Bydoingso，itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively. 2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 比如说：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethat 3.一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good,bad,many,thing,think, people,opinion等等)比如上面例子中，applicable替换proper,approaches替换ways,implement替换carryout,sharpenonescompetitiveedge替换enhanceonescompetitiveness(提高某物竞争力)2. 30个最经典的替换词1 characters,folks替换(people,persons) 2:positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换good 3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有belessimpressive替换 armyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive. 4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost)替换many. 注：用many,ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat.同理用most,ifnotall,替换most. 5:asliceof,quietafew,several替换some 6:harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat, holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat, itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that) 7:affair,business,matter替换thing 8:shared代common hugefruits替换getmanybenefits) 10:formypart,frommyownperspective替换inmyopinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing替换moreandmore(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. hasgainedgrowingpopularity. Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth. ifanything,或littleornothing替换hardly ,rewarding替换helpful, ,client,consumer,purchaser,替换customer ,extremely,intensely替换very necessary,hardlyinevitable.替换unnecessary,avoidable appealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb替换sbtakeinterestin/sb.beinterestedin onesattention替换attractonesattention. ,demension,sphere代aspect indicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear riseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换cause. 22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth替换forsth 替换want. attentioninto替换payattentionto inmindthat替换remember 26.enjoy,possess替换have(注意process是过程的意思) 27.interaction替换communication onsth替换beagainst,disagreewithsth nameonlyafew,asanexample替换forexample,forinstance 30.nextto/virtuallyimpossible,替换nearly/almostimpossible 十大功能语汇1. 表示“观点”- maintain/assume- emphasize/insist- argue/hold- in my point of view-when it comes to me-for my part-as for me2.表示“重视”-attach importance to-give weight to-devote much attention to3. 表示“强调”-lay(put/place) emphasis on-lay(put/place) stress on-lay(put/place) weight on-overemphasize4. 表示“赞同”，“支持”-approve of 赞同-stand by 支持-vote for 投票支持-hold with 赞成5. 表示“反对”-disapprove of -object to-be opposed to6. 表示“努力”-make(exert)every effort to do-many efforts should be made to do-endeavor t