7unit1 (2).doc

高二英语自主探究学案 Book7 Unit1 Living well 编号：1.4 课时：3 内容：Grammar 班级 姓名 一 学习目标学习动词不定式的用法，并完成相关练习二学习任务动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。 动词不定式主动被动用法(用“之后, 同时, 之前,同时, 正在进行”填空)一般式to doto be done表示在谓语动词_或_发生的动作完成式to have doneto have been done表示在谓语动词_发生的动作进行式to be doing_表示_的动作，与谓语动词表示的动作_发生I 动词不定式作主语，例如To play with fire will be dangerous(指依次具体的动作) Playing with fire is dangerous（指抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常地动作） 在更多情况下都用it作先行主语，而把真正的主语放到句子后面。 Is it easy to learn a foreign language?Eg It is exciting _ (surf) the Internet.II 动词不定式作宾语。常见用动词不定式做宾语的的动词有hope/expect/ wish, decide/determine, learn, want, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg等。例如，She pretended not to see me when I passed by.Eg I dont know what_(do)III 动词不定式作表语， 例如，Her ambition was to be a film star.动名词和动词不定式都可以作表语，前者表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以使多次的经常的动作，后者表示具体的动作，尤其指某一次具体的动作。His favorite sport is swimming. Your task today is to wash the curtain.IV 动词不定式宾作语补足语，例如The doctor warned him not to eat too much.注意：1 感官动词see, watch, observe, look at notice, hear, listen to 加不带to的不定式做宾补表示动作的全过程，动词的ing形式作宾补表动作正在进行，例如 I heard her sing a song in her room. I heard her singing a song when I passed by her room yesterday.2 使役动词make let have后加不带to的不定式做宾补，变为被动语态时，要把to加上，例如 Someone was heard to come up the stairs.Eg All the injured in the disaster are believed_(treat) in time.V 动词不定式作定语1 不定式用来修饰被序数词，最高级或no, any all等修饰的中心词时，与中心词为主动关系。例如 He was the best man to do the job.Eg: She was the first women_(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.2 被修饰词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定语。常见的名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope , wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。例如 do you have the ability to read and write in English?Eg: I dont trust his promise_(come) for a visit.VI 动词不定时作作语 1作目的状语，意为为了，可以单独放在句首，句中，句末。例如；To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard例: Did the bank give the information you needed？Yes. But_findit, I had to read the entire book.2 作结果状语。 不定时作结果状语表示令人意外的或是不幸的结果。常用在only just to do 表示意想不到的结果。 Enough to do 足够做。 tooto do.太而不能。Soas to 如此以至于例如I went to see him last night only to find him out.Eg Some people try to knock me down, only_makeme more determined to do better.现在分词作结果状语表示显而易见的结果。例如 their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. Eg A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean, _(kill) 150 passengers.3;作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry surprised disappointed excited glad happy 等形容词后，常用结构为 “主语+系动词+形容词+to do”.Eg;Tom was very happy to see his mother.Exercise; I was surprised_（find）him here.注意；easy difficult hard cheap expensive fit comfortable heavy good等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定时作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用形式表示被动意义。例如；The book is very hard to understand.Eg English is easy_（learn）三 相关练习题 1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music.A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard 4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 5. You were silly not _your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 6. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .dont make B. not make C. not making D .not to make7. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued8. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday. A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed9. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place10. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time.A. and finished B. to finishC. and finishing D. to finished11. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not have C. not to haveD. not having 12. He could do nothing but _for the bus _. A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came13. Theres a man at the reception desk , who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble.A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made14. I remember _him _the bike needed _.A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired15. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. made B. having made C. making D. to make16. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest.A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking17. -Are you a student?-No, but I used _.A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to 18. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled19. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _. A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand20. We are not allowed _ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing21. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role _in making the earth a better place to live in. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing22. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told23. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing24. -Where should I _ my application? -The personnel office is the place _.A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it to C. heavy too much D. too heavy much25. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. expects D. to be expecting26. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame27. Who did you _ the wall yesterday? A. have painted B. have paint C. have to paint D. have painting30. My family considers _ a computer, which is considered _ a great help in our work and study. A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be31. - Will you have anybody _ the flowers? - Yes, Ill have the flowers _.A. plant, planted B. to plant, planted C. plant; to be planted D. to plant , plant32. Busy translating a book, he couldnt help _ the article.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. written33. _this cake, youll