主谓一致完美版.doc

主谓一致主谓一致：指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变（概念） 化。 但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据 语法一致意义一致就近原则。语法一致原则指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式SteveEmberisagoodplayerChildrenliketoys.意义一致原则指主语形式上为单数但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式MyfamilyarehavinglunchnowNewsistravellingfastnowadays就近原则谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语ThereisaknifeandtwoforksonthedeskEitheryouorheistogo就远原则即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致The teacher as well as her students likes classical music.一、 由连词连接的名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致问题 1. 以and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语用复数形式 如：Doing homework and going to school on time are good habits. 注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人，物或概念时，谓语用单数 如： The teacher and writer is popular with his students. (区别：The teacher and the writer are) 二、就近原则: (即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致) or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also 连接的词作主语 + 谓语 not but There be 谓语与靠近的主语一致，就叫做就近原则 如：There is a pen and some books on the table. Neither his parents nor he doesnt look forward to this film.3、 就远原则: (即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致) with; together with; along with；but; except; besides, including; as well as; in addition to, not; rather than; like 名词A + + 名词 B 这样的结构做主语，谓语动词仅与 A 一致。如： All students but Tom have stayed here. 4、 “of ”的主谓一致 1、 分数 + of ; 百分数 + of some of ; half of ; most of ; the rest of ；. + 名词 + 谓语 作主语时，谓语动词取决于后面名词的数。 如：Two thirds of villagers are willing to go out for work. 2、 由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词 与of前的名词保持数的一致。 如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them他们发现了一种鸟。 A part of the book is not interesting这本书里有一部分内容没趣。 Parts of the book are very instructive这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义。 These are two different forms of the same thing这些是同一事物两种不同的形式。 5、 代词作主语时的主谓一致问题 1. any, either, neither, none, all, some等作主语时，视其在句中的意义，谓语动词可用作 单数或复数。 1）a: 当 all 指 人 时，谓语用复数。(注：all指三者或三者以上) 如： All are about to climb the mountains. （指人） b: 当 all 指 物 时，谓语用单数。 如： All goes well. （指物） 2）a: neither, （两者都不） either （两者中的任一个)作主语时,谓语动词用单数. 注： both 做主语，谓语用复数。 如：Neither of them is at home. Either of these two students gets good grades. b: 作定语与单数名词连用,但neither nor, either.or., 用作并列连词,可与复数名词连 用.其谓语采用就近原则. 3）none 无 a: none作主语,多与of 构成短语 none of.在答语中,none可单独使用. b: none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可.但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致. 如： It is none of your business. 4）many a 名词单数, more than one + 名词单数作主语时, 谓语用单数。 但是， more +复数名词+than one，谓语用复数。六、倒装句中的主谓一致 在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。 如： On the wall are some famous paintings墙上有一些著名的画。 Between the two windows hangs a picture两扇窗户间有一幅画。七、主语从句中的主谓一致 1.一个主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数； 2.如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数； 3.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。八、名词作主语时应注意的几个问题 （一）、下列情况谓语常用单数： 1、表时间，距离，金额，重量，数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时, 如：Two hours is quite enough. 2、表学科的名词(physics)、书报名(the Times)、国名(the United States)或组织 名称 (the United Nations)及news 3、名词有each, every, no修饰时,被and /or 连接时，即使有多个并列的主语， 仍看作单数形式，谓语用单数 如：.Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 4、表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。 如： One and a half bananas is left on the table桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。 One and a half hours is enough一个半小时足够了。 （二）、下列情况谓语常用复数 1、the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 如：The Olympic Games are held in every four years. 2、有的名词表示的是由两个对称的部分构成的物品。如：trousers, glasses, shoes, gloves, shorts, scissors等，这类名词作主语时，谓语常用复数 但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of 修饰时， 则应被看作单数形式，谓语常用 单数 3. the +形容词/过去分词” 表示一类人 4.表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 如： The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。 Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America （三）、集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数： 1) people, police, cattle等名词，谓语常用复数 2) family, class, government，audience, class, committee, enemy等名词 表示整体时，谓语常用单数 表其中的成员时，谓语常用复数 如：In fact, my family were all doctors. 事实上，我的家人全是医生。 I have a happyfamily. 我拥有一个快乐的家庭。 （四）、who，which，what等疑问代词及sueh作主语时，谓语动词要根据其后的名词 来决定其单复数形式。 注意：what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。 What we waste is not just time but our life. What we need are desks. 如：Who is the girl over there?那边的那个女孩是谁? （五）、a number of + 复数名词 + 谓语复数 大量，许多 The number of + 复数名词 + 谓语单数 .的数量 （六）、a large quantity（amount) of + 名词，谓语常用单数 quantities (amounts) of + 名词 ， 谓语用复数。 许多，大量（七）、“a majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词用复数。（八）、one of 后接可数名词复数做主语时,表示什么中的一个,谓语用单数。 如：One of the apples has gone bad. 但是要注意下面的定语从句： 1、He is one of the boys who like playing football. 定语从句修饰the boys. 2、He is the only one of the boys who enjoys playing basketball.one前面有定冠词 the的时候,定语从句是修饰one的,所以动词要用单数形式. 主谓练习题1. The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was2. The secretary and manager _very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been5. Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. will6. Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been7. This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year.A.have been B. has C. had been D. have8. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A.are B. is C. were D. have9. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D . was10. Mr Smith， together with his children， _arrived.A.are B. has C. is D. Have 11. It _I who _leaving for London.A.isis B. amis C. isam D. amam12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television.A. are B. were C. be D. Is13. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest _.A. are difficult B. has proved difficultC. is supposed difficultD. have been found difficult15. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other day.A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics _the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are20. Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A.is B. are C. have been D. had been22. No one except my parents _anything about it.A. know B. knowsC. is knowing D. have known23. A number of students _from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has 24. The number of students from the north _small.A.are B. is C. have D. has25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most，A.is B. are C. was D. were26. His Selected Poems _first published in 1965.A.were B. was C. has been D. are27. Miss Smith i