2018_2019学年高中英语Unit8AdventureSectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠWarm_up.docx

SectionLanguage Points () (Warmup & Lesson 1)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Passengers are reminded not to leave their luggage(行李) unattended.2The absolute altitude(海拔) of our place is just 100 metres，which can never compare with that of the Tibetan Plateau.3People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.4You may have noticed that the sun on a winters afternoon is low on the horizon(地平线)5Im afraid well have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems remaining to be settled.6Justin is writing a book about his adventures(奇遇) in Tibet.I hope he can find a good publisher when it is finished.7Were looking forward to the holidays when well be travelling on camels through the Sahara Desert8The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.9The bad news made us more anxious for the matter.10They made maximum(最多的) use of the resources available.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1desert n沙漠；荒原deserted adj.废弃的；被遗弃的2organise vt.组织；安排organisation n团体，组织，机构3comfort vt.安慰；慰藉comfortable adj.舒服的；舒适的uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不自在的4accommodate vt.提供住宿，使适应accommodation n住所，住处5anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的anxiety n担心；焦虑.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1go down下降；落下2as well as 也；和一样好3right away 立刻；马上4feel anxious 感到焦虑5take off 起飞6on the horizon 在地平线上；迫近的7look for 寻找8think about 考虑.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint.2You dont look well.Youd better go and see a doctor right away3The plane is taking off4We can now see the light of dawn on the horizon5The old people as well as the children like this film.n.edadj.asas复合短语bearded有胡子的mooned新月形的 waisted腰状的as far as 就而言；远到as long as 只要；和一样长as good as和几乎一样.经典句式仿写1While on a hiking trip，our cooks prepare delicious meals.在徒步旅行过程中，厨师会备好美味的食物。记句式结构状语从句省略仿写促落实遇到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.2And our porters carry your luggage，which means that you can simply enjoy the experience.有搬运工为你搬运行李，这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。记句式结构which引导非限定性定语从句仿写促落实玛丽错过了最后一班公交，使得她上课迟到。Mary missed the last bus，which let her late for the class3The hike costs 2，500 including all flights and accommodation.旅行费用为2 500英镑，其中包括所有机票和食宿。记句式结构现在分词作定语仿写促落实他们修了一条通往山里的公路。They built a high way leading into the mountains核 心 要 点 探 究 tiring adj.令人疲劳的(教材P21)Yes，but I think that travelling around for weeks would be quite tiring.是的，但我想四处旅行数个星期会很疲劳。tired adj.累的be tired from/with 由于而累be tired of 厌倦My eyes were tired from reading(read) in a poor light.因在不良的光线下阅读，我的眼睛很疲劳。I am not really tired of being a teacher，but I am actually tired from it.我不厌烦当老师，但是当老师确实使我很累。 as well as 不但而且；和一样；又，也(教材P22)As well as the group guide，all teams have cooks and porters.所有的登山队都配有厨师、搬运工和向导。(1)as well as是并列连词，意为“不仅而且，既又”，用于连接两个并列的成分。(2)A as well as B的意思是“不但B，而且A”，其重点在前者，而不是在后者；而not only A but also B则强调后者，意为“不但A，而且B”。(3)as well as连接两个动词不定式时如果第一个带to，第二个就不带to。(4)as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面的那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。He can speak English as well as I do.他说英语说得和我一样好。He gave me not only advice but also some books.他不仅给我提了些建议，而且还给了我一些书。The teacher，as well as the students，has seen(see) the film.老师，还有学生都看过这部电影。 (教材P22)While on a hiking trip，our cooks prepare delicious meals.在徒步旅行过程中，厨师会准备好美味的食品。【要点提炼】While on a hiking trip为状语从句的省略。在when，while，unless，if等引导的状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语及be动词。常见的结构：(1)连词主句(2)在if it is possible，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常可省略。If (it is) possible，I would change my lifestyle.如果可能的话，我将会改变我的生活方式。You must attend the meeting unless inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。If accepted(accept) for the job，youll be informed soon.如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快接到通知。 prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(教材P22)For people who prefer to spend some time on the coast，we can organise your travel and accommodation too.对于想在海边停留些日子的人，我们也可以为你安排旅程和食宿。prefer doing/to do sth.更喜欢做某事prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B更喜欢(做)Aprefer to do A rather than(to)do B 宁愿做A也不做B(rather than位于句首时，其后的to必须去掉)prefer sb.to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事prefer that.宁愿(从句谓语用“should动词原形”，should可省去)Most people prefer trains to buses.大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐公共汽车。I prefer writing a term paper to taking(take) an examination.我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。He prefers to rent(rent) one rather than(to)buy a car of his own.(Rather than buy a car of his own，he prefers to rent one.)他宁愿租一辆车，也不愿买一辆属于自己的。名师点津英语表达中还有很多固定的结构表示“喜欢”、“宁愿也不”，如would like to do.，feel like(doing)sth.，would do.rather than do.(would rather do.than do.)等。 differ vi.不同；相异(教材P23)How do the tourists differ from local people?旅行的人和当地的人有什么不同？(1)differ from 不同于；和不同differ in 在方面不同(2)difference n. 不同；区别make a difference 有差别，有影响tell the difference between A and B 分清A和B(3)different adj. 不同的be different from.in. 在方面与不同The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.基于生物和文化的影响，愤怒的特定表情也因人而异。They differ widely in their opinions.他们的意见分歧很大。There are many differences(differ)between living in the city and living in the country.住在城市和住在乡下有很多不同之处。 anxious adj.不安的；渴望的(非正式)；使人焦虑或担心的(教材P23)From that moment they started to feel anxious and they slept badly that night.从那时起，他们开始感到担心，并且那天晚上他们睡得很不好。(1)be anxious about 为担心/忧虑be anxious for sth. 渴望某事be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事be anxious for sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事be anxious that sb.(should)do sth. 渴望某人做某事(2)anxiety n. 忧虑，担忧with anxiety 焦虑地Jack still cant help being anxious about his job interview.杰克还是不由自主地担心他的工作面试。Peggy is anxious to show(show) that she can cope with extra responsibility.佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的责任。He was anxious that they (should) have(have) all they want.他渴望他们拥有所有想要的东西。 take off 起飞；脱下(衣服)；休息；移去；休假；受欢迎等(教材P116)Ive been on planes lots of times and it always feels great，especially when you take off!我曾经坐过很多次飞机，那种感觉好极了，特别是在起飞的时候！写出下列句子中take off的含义He took off at once and headed for the hotel.匆匆离去；走开They took off their hats to show their respect for the volunteers.脱下；摘掉She took two days off (work)休假；请假On a clear day we can distinguish the letters on the airlines as they take off.起飞take down写下；拆除take over 接替；接收take after 与相像take away 带走；拿走take back 带回；收回take in 吸收；留宿；欺骗；领会take up 学着做，开始做；占用；继续take on 呈现；反抗In his easygoing character，Tom seems to take after his father.汤姆随和的性格看起来像他的父亲。Please take away all the things you do not need any more.请把所有你不再需要的东西拿走。 major adj.较重要的；较严重的(教材P116)The presenter went round the world visiting all the major capitals.节目主持人走遍世界参观了所有的重要的首都。(1)major vi.主修；专攻 n主修课程；专业学生；成年人major in.主修；专攻major on. 专门研究(2)majority n. 大多数in the majority 占多数I decided to major in French.我决定主修法语。He believes that his supporters are in the majority.他相信支持他的人占多数。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1Email，as well as telephones，is playing(play) an important part in daily communication.2In that school，English is compulsory (必修的) for all students，but French and Russian are optional(option)3He fell asleep while studying(study) his grammar.4He had no option but to go(go) out.5The accident happened when his writing career really took off6Why were you so late?I had a hard time hiking(hike) here this morning.7I prefer visiting temples to going to the beach.8Old English differs from the English we speak now.9The accommodation(accommodate) in the town is satisfactory.10When he was deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping.单句改错1Mr.Lee said he would major on history.onin2I am always tiring when I come home from work.tiringtired3He as well as I am satisfied with the result.amis4He was anxious that she could meet his family.couldshould5He prefers to stay at home rather than going to the movies.goinggo.完成句子1我一边看杂志，一边等。While waiting，I was reading some magazines.2第一次乘坐飞机，我感觉有些紧张。(anxious)The first time I traveled by air，I felt anxious3他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true4队长和其他队员都很累。The captain as well as the other players was too tired5双方都渴望能尽快签署协议。Both sides were anxious that the agreement should be signed as quickly as possible.动词 先观察原句后自主感悟You are thinking about how far there is to go.It looks great.A few minutes later，you arrive at the camp.They know all the best routes and best places to camp.We also think that good travel arrangements are important.While on a hiking trip，our cooks prepare delicious meals.1.句中的think用于进行时态，为动作动词；句中的think表达心理和情感的变化，为状态动词。2.句中的look表示感官感觉的动作，为状态动词。句中的arrive，句中的prepare表示动作活动，为动作动词。精要点拨英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的语义特征，分为动作动词和状态动词。大量的动词是表示动作的，可以用于进行时态。有一些动词是表示状态的，不能用于进行时态。还有不少动词，兼有动作与状态两种特性，而其含义是不同的。一、动作动词1延续性动词表示延续性动作的动词有work，drink，eat，read，write，walk，run，play，talk，carry，fly，watch 等，该类动词用一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的动作；用现在进行时表示目前或者现在正在进行的动作。He reads English in the garden at 5：30 every morning.他每天早晨5点半都在花园里读英语。He is watching a football match on TV.他正在看电视上的足球赛。2非延续性动词表示短暂性动作的动词有break，open，close，join，jump，hit，knock 等，该类动词用非进行时态表示一次动作；若用进行时态则表示此短暂动作的多次重复。短暂性动词又称非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。She jumped up into the chair.她跳起来坐到椅子上。Listen！Someone is knocking at the front door.听！有人在敲前门。3表示转变或移动的动词表示转变或者移动的动词有arrive，change，come，go，leave，start，land 等，该类动词用一般现在时表示按时间表或者日程安排的将来；用现在进行时表示按计划、打算的将来。The train leaves at nine.火车9点离开。My uncle is coming.我舅舅就要来了。即时训练1单句语法填空1He always takes(take) a walk after supper.2The coat matches(match) the dress.3I am leaving(leave) tonight.Ive got my ticket.二、状态动词状态动词表示非活动性的静止状态，不用于进行时态。但有些状态动词如果转义成为动作动词，又可以用于进行时态。状态动词还可分为：1表示感觉、感知的动词表示感觉、感知的动词有 feel，see，taste，smell，hear，sound，seem 等。The old man doesnt hear very well.那位老人听觉不太好。The meat tastes delicious.这肉味道真好。2表示心理状态、喜好的动词表示心理状态、喜好的动词有understand，think，suppose，believe，know，want，forget，remember，hate，admire，fear，care，like，prefer，regret，hope，object 等。He does not believe in Howards honesty.他不相信霍华德为人真诚。I think it would make her feel better.我想它会使她觉得好受些。3表示拥有或者所属等关系的动词或动词词组表示拥有或者所属等关系的动词或动词词组有belong to，consist of，contain，cost，include，involve，lack，have，matter，need，want，possess，measure 等。As is known to all，Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国。The team consists of 10 members.这个小组由10名成员组成。即时训练2单句语法填空1The cloth feels(feel) good，but it washes(wash) well.2I own this company，so it belongs(belong) to me.三、动作动词与状态动词的区别1动作动词可用于进行时态，而状态动词却不可。这是这两种动词最根本的区别。John is writing to his father.约翰正在给他的父亲写信。John resembles his father.约翰长得像他的父亲。名师点津有些动词可兼作两类动词，但意思不同，如动词hold的句子主语是人，作“握住、举行”讲，是个动作动词；句子主语是处所，则作“容纳”讲，是个状态动词。The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere.这两个国家的最高领导人正在友好的氛围中进行会谈。The concert hall can hold 2，000 people.这个音乐厅可容纳2 000人。2有些状态动词可以充当动作动词，用于进行时态，表示委婉的口气。Im wondering if you can tell me the password.我不知你可否告诉我密码是什么。3在现代英语中，有越来越多地使用进行时态的趋势，包括状态动词用于进行时态，表示“惊讶、责备、抱怨、批评”等