西南方言对英语语音的影响.doc

西南方言对英语语音的负面影响及对策2014届 本 科 毕 业 论 文The Negative Impact of Southwest Dialect on English Phonetics Learning and Countermeasures西南方言对英语语音的负面影响及其对策学 院：_外国语学院 专 业： 英 语 姓 名： 胡征东 学 号： 100101010518 指导教师： 邹冠军 完成时间： 2014年3月28日 二一四年三月Title: The Negative Impact of Southwest Dialect on English Phonetics Learning and CountermeasuresMajor: EnglishName: Hu Zhengdong Signature: Supervisor: Zou Guanjun Signature: Abstract China has a vast territory, a long history, is also a country with multi-nationality country and many dialects. Local dialects as our first to get acquisition language, is also our mother tongue, which will interfere the other languages that we want to learn, so when we start to learn a second language, in a certain extent, it will suffer this negative influence. The southwestern dialects have their unique characteristics, this paper adopts that the methods of combination from investigation and comparison of dialogue to make a research, from the difference between the southwest dialects and English standard pronunciation voice system, and analyzes data according to the comparative study of speech, at the same time, reference to the results of dialog survey research, analyzes the negative impact of mother tongue on the phonetic acquisition, and finally puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.Keywords: Negative impact English standard pronunciation Southwestern dialect论文题目： 西南方言对英语语音学习的负面影响及对策专 业：英语 学 生：胡征东 签 名： 指导教师：邹冠军 签 名： 摘要 中国幅员辽阔，历史悠久，也是一个多民族多方言的国家。本地方言是我们的第一习得语言，也是我们的母语，这将会干扰我们对其他语言的学习，因此当我们开始学习一门第二语言时，在一定程度上,它将遭受到负面影响。西南方言有其独特的特点，本文即采用对话调查和语音对比相结合的研究方法,从西南方言与英语“标准发音”语音系统的差异入手,根据语音对比研究进行数据分析,同时，参考对话调查的研究结果,分析由此引起的母语对语音习得的负面影响,最后提出相应对策。关键词：负面影响 英语“标准发音” 西南方言西南方言对英语语音的负面影响及对策Table of Contents1. Introduction1 1.1 Thesis Motivation1 1.2 The Present Situation of Impact of the Dialect on Phonetic Learner22. Dialect4 2.1 Definition4 2.2 Dialect Classification and Identification4 2.3 Characteristic53. Background6 3.1 Factor Analysis6 3.2 Studying Method6 3.3 Outstanding Recognized Problems7 3.3.1 Cant Distinguish/ l /and/ n /7 3.3.2 Cant Distinguish/ h /and/ f /8 3.3.3 Cant Distinguish Long Vowel and Short Vowels8 3.3.4 With/ n /Replaced/ /8 3.3.5 With / w /Replaced/ v /9 3.3.6 With / s / / z / Replaced/ / / /9 3.3.7 Cant Correctly Distinguish / / and / /94. Countermeasures Suggestions11 4.1 Schools and Teachers Should Pay Attention to the Importance of Voice Learning11 4.2 Students Should be Fully Aware of the Negative Influence of Local Dialects on English Learners11 4.3 Master a Certain Theoretical Knowledge in English Pronunciation125. Conclusion13References14Acknowledgments151. IntroductionThe 21st century is an international knowledge economic age. Society presents diversified trend to demand for foreign talents. Not only this means that society has higher and higher requirements on us, but also determines the upgrade of training objectives and specifications for the 21st Century College English professional talents, but phonics and intonation from the Chinese dialects, has greatly impacted on English pronunciation, and pose a lot of obstacles for communication. So a lot of English talents are poor quality, actually, English talents who have the professional ability is poor. They cant speak out english phonetic clearly，This thesis mostly discusses the impact of dialect pronunciation on English pronunciation from the perspective of mother tongue influence on English Dialect speech, wich discusses existing substantive issues in English learning. So that we can train professional English talents better in the 21st century .1.1 Thesis MotivationIn English Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing and Translation capabilities, phonics is the foundation, memorizing vocabulary needs phonics too, listening and speaking need phonic help to express, phonics can be said that external form from the carrier of language ability or the variant of language ability 14. Although phonics is just a part of the foreign language learning, whether learning phonics well or not, which will influence learners entire ability of foreign language assessment from their self-assessment, thereby affecting their foreign language achievement 14. Phonics is also a vehicle of peculiarity from which achieves the function of language communication, inaccurate pronunciation will cause the misleading meaning in expression. Therefore, the phonics is an important step in language learning. In 1957 American linguist Lado in the cross-cultural linguistics that read: In foreign language learning environment, learners extensively depend on they have mastered the knowledge of mother tongue, tend to transfer the language form from mother tongue, meaning and culture related with mother tongue into foreign language learning 2. Ellis also pointed out that learners who learn a second language will be deeply affected by mother tongue 1. For Chinese students whose mother tongue is Chinese, during learning the second language and the process of English phonics, will be more or less affected by the vocal habits of mother tongue, because there has been a set of system of mother tongue symbol in their minds, will through exchanging code in the first language system to get known concept 8. China is a country with a vast territory and many dialects, local dialect which is our earliest acquired language, and it also interferes with modern Chinese national common language - Mandarin and other languages phonic acquisition. Sichuan dialect as a branch of the Northern dialects Southwestern Mandarin, has a great influence in Southwest China. Therefore, during the process of phonic learning, so students from Sichuan are often affected by the dialect habits, and their pronunciation with the color of Sichuan dialect. In recent years, I have looked up the main periodical with foreign language and education in home and abroad, at present, I found many domestic scholars made a comparative research on the local dialect and English phonics, for example, some scholars made a certain study on Hakka dialect 16, Shandong dialect 10, the Cantonese dialect 11 so on, such as interference with the English phonic acquisition. However, as far as Sichuan dialect is concerned, the domestic research is still in infancy, very few articles are concerned about it or less complete, just Machuandong13, LuoSong 12, have made a comparative study on Sichuan dialect, and found that the Sichuan dialect has a great negative influence on English phonics. However, these studies mainly only rest on the theoretical analysis or just a controversial problem with lacking countermeasures. Therefore, as far as Im concerned, that it is necessary to make an investigation and study on the negative impact of the Sichuan dialect on English phonics, and render relative countermeasures.1.2 The Present Situation of Impact of the Dialect on Phonetic LearnerThe negative influence and the severity of Chinese dialects which is the most important communication tool for human in language field, while achieve communicative function of the media is the phonics. Phonics is the outer skin and carrier of language material, is the material basis from existence of language and development of language. As the materials of phonics, language has various attributes, and social property is the essence of phonics, which manifests that a variety of languages or dialects have their own voice systems. Moreover, this system has some skills of pronouncing. And we can know that the formation and development of this articulation and the ability to distinguish be gotten in using process, and which suffers the limitation from language atmosphere, it is difficult to change. For foreign language learners , the voice system with mother tongue , to a certain extent , which will be accustomed to remove the local dialect to the foreign language 7 . The phenomenon of mother tongue affecting foreign Language acquisition which called the negative impact, everything has two sides, so the impact also has positive or negative impact in phonics field, the positive impact means that when the rule of mother tongue in accordance with the rule of foreign language. Mother tongue has a positive influence on the study of foreign language, the mother tongue for foreign language learning play a positive role in promoting foreign language learning, and be able to alleviate the burden of foreign language learning. Which also can reduce the errors in foreign language learning, when the rules of mother tongue significantly different from the rules of foreign language, learners easily transfer the rules of mother tongue into foreign language, and mother tongue would seriously interfere with learning in foreign language, then there being the negative impact of mother tongue on foreign language learning, this impact is called negative impact 6. As the English and the Chinese belong to different languages, so there are many differences still exist in phonics, especially in English, which has many phonemes that are not in Chinese, if there is no passing through voice imitation and rigorous training, it is easy to find the similar pronunciation to replace from the mother tongue, and resulting in difficulties or mistakes in pronunciation. So in China, the majority of English learners generally exist a phenomenon of negative migration in Chinese pronunciation, they cant clearly pronounce the correct voice, especially the phenomenon of the negative impact English of dialect on English phonics is more serious, because the Chinese is divided into seven major dialect areas, the different regions has different dialects and many kinds of local languages in the region, the omission and mixed existing of Chinese compared with the dialect is a serious phenomenon, so the impact of English learning on learner is more serious. The impact of dialect on English phonetics can not escape our attention. According to December 26, 2004 published in China, a survey with Chinese language situation ( covering the 31 provinces around the country, autonomous regions and municipalities and XinJiang Production and Construction Corps ) data shows that now the proportion of China population is able to communicate with Mandarin for 53.106 % , the proportion of the population can communicate in Chinese dialects is 86.138%, the proportion of the population to grasp Pinyin reached 68.132% ( Ministry of Education feed). Obviously, in our country, the current population of at least half or more than the population of a half just can use dialect to communicate, thats to say there is one person for every two people can communicate with the dialect, and from the autumn of 1956, China began to popularize Mandarin, but by the end of 2004 our countrys proportion of the population in Mandarin communicative just accounted for more than half of the population, we can see the using of dialect is extremely extensive and far-reaching in scope of our country, for English learners, the negative impact from the dialect can not be ignored. To clearly distinguish difficulties of the various dialects to English learners in recent years, this paper will summarize and arrange that experts and scholars have learned about the achievement of research on English phonics from the negative impact of dialect on English phonic learning. And I will explore in detail that followed the seven outstanding problems in which the different dialects have brought pronunciation problems to English phonic learning .2. Dialect2.1 DefinitionLocal language (also called dialects), the simplest definition refers to a specific area in a language variants. However, it is worth noting that, when the so-called language and dialect is defined, whether the criterion is based upon mutual understanding of the social-linguistic scholars or the historical development of relations, that historical linguists has advised, we all inevitably encounter considerable degree in arbitrariness and difficulty. Therefore, most people agree that determining the language and dialect is often its political criteria in actual operation, if a language completed in standardization (especially written in Standardization) program, we usually call it “language”(which essentially can be seen as a standard dialect); If a language is not completed with this process, we often regard it as dialects (essentially can be seen as a non-standardized dialect). 2.2 Dialect Classification and IdentificationAccording to the nature , dialects can be divided into regional dialects and social dialects, regional dialect is a variant of the language due to differences in geographical areas and the formation of a branch in different regions on the universal language, is the reflection of uneven language development in the area. Community members of the same regional social dialect due to social differences in occupation, class, age, gender, culture and other aspects of education and the formation of different social variants. China has a vast territory and a large population and considerable complex, so can not understand the dialect that divide into processing and analysis. According to modern common points system, the modern Chinese dialects can be divided into seven major dialect areas. That northern dialect ( the official dialect ), Wu dialect, Hunan dialect, Hakka dialects, Fujian dialect, Cantonese dialect, Gan dialect. Meanwhile, in a complex dialect area, and some can be further classified into several dialects piece ( also called sub- dialects ), and even some of them divided into small pieces of dialect, if you knew that dialect in one place ( something, a county, a town, a village ), called the local dialect. Words such as Guangzhou, Changsha, Chengdu, then so on. However the most of regions in China are dominated which mainly speak Chinese Mandarin, thats to say the Mandarin dialect, Mandarin dialect, is the basic dialect of the modern Chinese national common language, Beijing words as a representative, internal consistency is strong, divided into Northern Mandarin, Jianghuai Mandarin, Southwestern Mandarin and Northeast Mandarin, etc. Which has the largest geographic distribution in the Chinese parties in China, and accounting for about 73% of the Han population use it. Given the author from the Southwest Mandarin dialect area, so there are some interests in researching on Southwestern Mandarin.Southwest Mandarin distributed southwestern Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei in China, almost all Chinese regions, as well as in southwest of Shaanxi, southeast of Gansu, northern of Guangxi and the northwestern and southern of Hunan (Southwestern Mandarin and dialect both used), and the other hand, there is a dialect Island in Jiangxi. Because Tibet Military is a branch of the Chengdu Military Region, mosts of soldiers come from Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing, and because of geopolitical factors, the most of the Tibetan frequently contact with people come from Southwest, and they have learned the Chinese is also the Southwestern Mandarin in a non-course in the classroom, and even sometimes also speak the dialect when they are learning informal lesson in school, because of the high internal consistency of Southwestern Mandarin (mainly higher tone tune shaped the identity), and can accept each others accents, so the serviceability is extensive.For identification, Dialect identification is more challenging than language ID, and to same extent accent classification because speakers are intentionally speaking the same language3. So wherever you go in China, if you speak that can be recognized by other people who understand a little dialect knowledge, maybe it seems the recognized sense but the discrimination, so its not enough to at all surprising.2.3 CharacteristicAnd most of pronunciation of Southwest Mandarin are in common with mandarin, so we just slightly changed. Due to the country encrage to promote Putonghua, now Southwestern Mandarin dialects has tended to be assimilated. But because Southwestern dialect sounds like Mandarin very much, so Southwestern dialect not like some places, where dialect is marginalized. which like Mandarin often skillfully used in daily life. and there is little difference in every dialect region, but just a little difference, it hardly distinguish them but local people, including Sichuan, south of Shaanxi, Chongqing, Guizhou dialect seems more closer, while Yunnan dialect is more closer to the Guiliu words of north Guangxi, is greatly difference with Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou. And the Southwestern dialect will express the different special vocabulary in different places, but easily understood.3. Background3.1 Factor AnalysisPhonics is usually the main aspects of pronunciation from the perspective of phonetics as follows: at first, the degree of similarity between the target language previously learned and the acoustic characteristics; the second, the degree of similarity from a implied relationship of phonological system and another set of phonological system, the two factors have formed the entirety by interaction. But at present unable to establish quantitative relationships between the two factors and the degree of migration, we can not conclude that these two factors with the degree of migration, also cant determine between the two factors and the degree of migration shows a positive corre