阿尔瓦罗·西扎·维埃拉.pdf

1213 Feature Living with Nature lvaro Leite Siza Vieira Casa T l Vila Real Portugal lvaro Leite Siza Vieira Casa T l Vila Real Portugal 2005 阿尔瓦罗 西扎 维埃拉 托勒住宅 葡萄牙 雷阿尔城 2005 010 建筑与都市 Architecture and Urbanism 06 08 1415 1617 This project is located on a site with an area of around 1000 m2 in Lugar das Carvalhinhas Alvite Cerva Parish Ribeira da Pena Commune Vila Real District The project consists of a holiday home with three bedrooms a social bathroom a living room a dinning room a small kitchen with a support washbasin pantry and even a small outdoor swimming pool The terrain is sharply inclined and has a particular configuration it is very long and narrow However the fact that it faces south allows it to receive optimal solar exposure and to enjoy a particular natural view The living area does not exceed 180 m2 For reasons of functionality and integration it was opted to organize the main entrance based on the street where car transit was possible This road leads to the northern higher part of the lot Nevertheless it is possible to access the house from a more rustic footpath from the south Its fragmentation necessary due to the steep topography transforms the whole into a composition of small linked and interconnected volumes creating an unevenness that allows for a more secure and rational use of the lot In this way the house s various functions are clarified with each elevation corresponding to a single compartment The roof functions simultaneously as pavement support for the gardens similar to the traditional threshing floors and patios in the northern regions of the country with hilly terrain With a linear position at the center of the lot an attempt was made to preserve all the pre existing trees as they maintain a strong presence in the area as well as to preserve continuity with the immediate surroundings and to ensure its original characteristics The form resulting from a rigorous modular geometric abstraction establishes the necessary rotation of certain modules to adapt to the natural morphology of the pp 12 13 Night view of the site from the entrance at the top of the building pp 14 15 Looking up to the building Opposite View of the pool and steps leading to the lower entrance This page Looking down to the building from the north side p 19 View of the forest outside from the living room All photos on pp 12 25 except as noted by Fernando Guerra terrain respecting the distance from neighboring regulation walls thus appearing to move naturally and with absolute freedom The terrain s instability together with modest economic resources gave rise to a house with triple function the home itself and its interior space the organization of outdoor leveled patios corresponding to the roofs of various levels which permit the outdoor use of the garden and finally the creation of a pedestrian link between the paths of the upper and lower levels that border this lot In this way the house itself is a path Its form organizes a fundamental outdoor route The exterior stairs that create a link between the patios mirror the interior stairs that have the same function of linking the designed compartments that are also developed through levels In this way the exterior stairs correspond to the interior ceilings Although this project presents an extreme unit in its language its image varies completely from the four quadrants It expresses its entire volumetry to the southeast and in a different way to the northeast It is radically contextualized in the northwest and southwest quadrants It is neither horizontal nor vertical architecture Its location on the lot results in a slanting architecture The necessity of partially burying the house comes from lack of economic means and in this way creates positive thermal behavior and security The outdoor patios solidly adapt establishing a direct link to the garden and the house is naturally unified with the terrain The choice of exposed concrete creates an idea like that of massive stones appearing naturally on the site In this way expressiveness is extracted from a continuous structure of reinforced concrete the most efficient material on a lot with these characteristics and one which once again makes optimum use of the modest economic resources available Paving stones of reinforced concrete will also be constructed creating an air space between the house and the lot which is fundamental for guaranteeing decent waterproofing and improved thermal behavior in terrain with such an elevated water table The reinforced concrete walls will contain an exterior finishing with special formwork for which the stereotomy has been designed PVC canvases will waterproof foundations walls and roofs The roofing will be covered with thermal insulation and prefabricated anti slip tiles Some patios will be filled with humus for a grass plane The few non resistant walls will be built in cement blocks filled with sand These will be plastered coated and painted white in the interiors The interior floors doors and baseboards are in wood except in the water areas The exterior doors and windows are in metal which are double paned for improved thermal and acoustic insulation Sketch by architect 建筑师草图 12 13页 主入口夜景鸟瞰图 14 15页 仰视建筑 左页 水池及通向建筑低处的阶梯 本页 建筑北侧俯视图 19页 从起居室看外部森林 1819 联系的通道 它的形体本身组织了一 个主要的室外路线 利用楼梯将不同 层标高的屋顶平台联系起来 同样室 内的楼梯亦将不同标高的建筑单元联 系在一起 这样 室外楼梯就呼应了 室内吊顶形式 尽管建筑采用了一种 极端的单元式设计语言 但是它却在 四个方向上展示了极其不同的形象 在东南方向建筑展示了整个体量 而 东北向则不尽然 从西北和西南方向 看出去 建筑与基地融为一体 建筑 形体既非水平亦非垂直 而是一个由 基地衍生出来的倾斜体量 由于基地缺乏有效的经济性手 段 建筑采用了部分掩埋的形式 这 样可以更有效地利用地热资源也更利 于安全防范 层层跌落的室外庭院将 不同标高的屋顶花园联系在一起 使 整个建筑自然地与地形相融合 建筑 师采用暴露的混凝土作为外立面材 料 使建筑如同自然生长在基地上的 巨石一样 这样就使得最经济的建 筑材料 混凝土具有了丰富的表现 力 并且最优化地利用了该地块有限 的自然资源 因为建筑建造在坡地上且地下水 位较高 所以室外铺地采用了混凝土 板 这样可以保证有较好的防水性能 并且提高了热工效能 混凝土外墙抹 灰采用了特殊的模板系统 来形成设 计的墙面分割效果 PVC卷材广泛地 应用在地基 墙身以及屋面防水 屋面采用预制的具有隔热性能的 防滑面砖 有些院子铺了腐殖土以利 于植物生长 少数不承重的墙身采用 加沙加气水泥砌块 在室内这些墙面 都处理成白色抹灰面层 除了在防水的区域外 室内地 面 门和踢脚板带采用木板 室外采 用了双层金属门窗 提高隔热以及隔 声效果 王文婷译 Credits and Data Project title Casa T l Location Vila Real Portugal Design October 1999 Completion July 2005 Architect lvaro Leite Siza VieiraSection scale 1 300 剖面图 比例 1 300 Floor plan scale 1 300 平面图 比例 1 300 项目位于卡瓦林雅斯 利贝里 亚达佩拿市塞瓦区埃尔维特雷阿尔 城 占地大约1 000m2 这是一个度假别墅 包括三间卧 室 一间公共浴室 起居室 餐厅 配备小型洗水槽的厨房 一间食品储 藏室 甚至还有小型的室外游泳池 基地地形呈倾斜状 并且呈狭长 分布 布局颇为奇特 但是其面南的 朝向不仅可以充分利用阳光 还可以 享受独特的自然景观 整个居住面积 不超过180m2 从功能和整体设计角度考虑 在 设计上主入口与前面的车道相接 这条 车道沿地势迂回上升 直通基地的北 侧 当然 人们也可以选择通过充满乡 村野趣的南侧小路进入建筑 根据基 地独特的地形 建筑师将建筑体量打 散 形成一些小体量的体块联系交错在 一起的效果 较安全和理性地利用了 地块 创造出不均衡的视觉效果 这样 人们可以轻易地根据体量的不同标高 区分建筑的不同功能 建筑师利用屋 顶的铺装创造了一系列的屋顶花园 类 似于葡萄牙北部丘陵地带的打谷场或 者露天庭院 建筑位于地块中间 采用了线性 的布置方式 以保护基地现存的树 木 这些树木不仅保持了基地的场所 感 而且通过延续与基地周围环境的 紧密关系 也体现了基地的原始特 点 建筑的形式高度抽象化 采用了 统一的几何化模数体量 这样既适应 了自然的地势 又能够尊重相邻建筑 的控制线 同时建筑师又根据地形 将部分几何体块扭转了一定的角度 使建筑看起来顺势而生 自然灵动 考虑到基地不平坦的地势以及有 限的资金 建筑被赋予了三重功能 首先是一个别墅及其室内空间 其 次 通过组织室外各层的屋顶平台 形成一个个室外花园 最后 创造了 一个步行通道 将地块不同标高的道 路联系起来 这样 建筑就成了一个 Site plan scale 1 1 000 总平面图