广州新版-八年级下-英语-u6讲义.doc

教学内容： U6语法和词汇复习巩固教学目标： 让学生掌握U6词汇和语法重点和难点：副词分类讲解以及副词比较级最高级复习教学过程： 检查作业通常情况下，我们会把副词放在主要动词后，修饰动词形容词变副词规律 形 容 词 变 形 例 子 大多数形容词 加 “ly” badly, quickly 以辅音加“y”结尾 把“y”改成“i”加“ly” happily 以不发音“e“结尾 去“e”加“y” simply, 以“-ll”结尾 加“y” fully将下列形容词变为副词quiet - _ careful - _ beautiful - _ fast - _ hopeful - _ busy - _ fortunate - _ patient - _ correct - _ lucky - _ cheerful - _ good - _.单选题1. I dont care if a dog smells _, but I really dont want her to smell _. A. bad, bad B. good, well C. badly, bad D. bad, badly 2. The little boy runs _. A. very well B. well very C. very good D. good very 3. She jumps _ than you. A. more high C. more higher C. much higher D. most higher 4. She is running _. A. farther and farther B. farther and further C. further and farther D. further and further 拓展：副词的分类一、时间副词1. 常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。2. 时间副词在句中的位置(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首： 他昨天回家了。_而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)： 最近他去了巴黎。_(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：Hes just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。我已经做完了工作。_still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：我还是不明白你的意思。_ 二、地点副词1. 常见的地点副词常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。2. 地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前： 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?_ 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。_ 三、方式副词1. 方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。2. 方式副词在句中的位置(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后： 他从容不迫地看了那封信。_(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。 四、频度副词1. 频度副词的特点频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。2. 频度副词在句中的位置频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：他常来看我们。_他上学很少迟到。_3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：He doesnt usually come here. / He usually doesnt come here. 他通常不来这儿。She doesnt always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesnt) 五、程度副词1. 程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。2. 程度副词的用法注意点(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)： 如今的房价贵多了。_【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)六、连接副词1. 连接副词的分类连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)：我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。_3. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等我不知道如何找到他。_ 七、疑问副词1. 疑问副词的特点疑问副词有when, where, why, how 等，用于引出特殊疑问句： 你是哪里人？_ 你生于何时何地？_强化练习题：1. The horse is getting old and cannot run _ it did.A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so faster as D. as fast as2. The students are _ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most 3.This year they have produced _ grain_ they did last year.A. as less, as B. as few, as C. less, than D. fewer, than4. - Can I help you?- Well, Im afraid the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. A. so B. much C. very D. too5. - Excuse me, is this Mr Browns office?-Im sorry, but Mr Brown_ works here. He left about three weeks ago.A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer 6. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as7. -Will you give this message to Mr White, please?-Sorry, I cant. He _.A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here workC. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer8. How _ can you finish the drawing?A. long B. often. C. soon D. rapid9. She doesnt speak _ her friends, but her written work is excellent.A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as10. “Can you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing11. John plays football_, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as12. We all write_, even when theres not much to say.A. now and then B. by and byC. step by step D. more or less13.-Do you remember _he came?- Yes, I do, he came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. If14. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever15. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _.A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily16. I walked 8 miles today. I never guessed that I could walk _ far.A. much B. that C. such D. as17. They _ to our proposal.A. have not still responded B. have not responded stillC. have still not responded D. still have not responded18. True hibernation takes place only among _ animals.A. whose blood is warm B. blood wormC. warm-blooded D. they have warm blood19. He works _.A. lone B. lonely C. alone D. lonesome20. A _ road goes _ from our college to the center.A. straightstraight B. straightlystraightly C. straightstraightly D. straightlystraight21. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when22. Well have to finish the job,_.A. long it takes however B. it takes however longC. long however it takes D. however long it takes完形填空When people think of tigers，they think: strong and dangerous. But now，the big animal is calling for our help. There were once eight kinds of 1 in the world，but three died out during the 20th century. In the last 70 years，the 2 of Siberian tigers （东北虎） has gone from as many as 300 to 3 22 somewhere. The Siberian tiger has been 4 dying out completely. If the government doesnt make any efforts，its quite 5 that there will be no more Siberian tigers in China in ten to twenty years.In order to double the number of wild tigers in the 6 ten years，the World Wildlife Fund （世界自然基金会） has started a program recently. It 7 save wild tigers and put an end to tiger hunting and killing. China，together with twelve other 8 ，has joined in.Wild animals，such as red deer and wild pigs，are the main 9 of the tigers. The hunting of these animals is the greatest threat （威胁） to tigers. So the most important thing is 10 the animals that tigers eat. To protect the wild tigers，we need to call on more people to stop eating and hunting wild animals.1. A. pigs B. tigersC. deerD. dogs2. A. name B. kindC. numberD. size3. A. less than B. more thanC. bigger thanD. larger than4. A. in need of B. in danger of C. in front ofD. in the middle of5. A. possibleB. impossible C. necessaryD. important6. A. last B. next C. pastD. first7. A. aims toB. used toC. refuses toD. likes to8. A. citiesB. provincesC. countriesD. villages9. A. friends B. food C. membersD. children10. A. to sell B. to killC. to saveD. to buy阅读理解Jane Goodall is a famous scientist. For more than 40 years, Goodall lived mostly in Tanzania in East Africa, studying chimpanzees.As a young child, Jane Goodall was interested in animals. She grew up in the English countryside and was always climbing trees or riding horses.When Jane was 23, she got a chance to go to Africa. Even though she had never been to college, she got a job with a famous scientist named Louis Leakey.One day Louis Leakey said he needed a volunteer. He needed someone to go to a lake in Tanzania to study a kind of chimpanzees. Jane was excited.On July 16,1960, she began her exploration (探索). At first, the chimpanzees ran away from Jane. But with time passing, they got used to her being around.Every day, Jane would follow the chimpanzees, taking notes on their behavior. She learned many new things about chimpanzees. She watched how a chimpanzee made a tool. She learned how some chimpanzees became good leaders. She watched how mother chimpanzees raised their children. She watched animals get angry and get upset. She wrote everything down so others would understand animals as she did. She learned that if you pay really close attention to animals, you will understand what they are “saying”.来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K来源:Z。xx。k.Com1. What is the best title of the passage? A. Jane Goodalls college life B. Jane Goodalls family C. Jane Goodall, a famous scientist D. Jane Goodall and Louis Leakey2. What is the correct order of the following according to the passage? a. Jane went to Africa. b. Jane started her exploration. c. Jane worked with Louis Leakey. d. Jane was born in the countryside. e. Jane followed chimpanzees. A. d-a-e-b-cB. b-a-c-d-eC. a-d-c-b-eD. d-a-c-b-e3. Louis Leakey chose Jane Goodall as a volunteer to . A. plant treesB. raise horses C. study chimpanzeesD. do experiments4. Jane the chimpanzees behavior to help others understand them. A. wrote downB. took pictures of C. made videos ofD. drew pictures about5. From the passage we can infer（推断）that . A. mother chimpanzees raise their children B. people can communicate with animals C. animals dont get excited D. chimpanzees make tools副词的比较等级1、副词比较等级的构成（1）副词的比较等级与形容词相似，也有比较级和最高级。（2）绝大多数的副词比较级和最高级都是在其前面加上more和most构成的，有少数单音节和个别双音节的副词是在末尾加er , est 构成。slowly- more slowly- most slowly carefully-more carefully most carefully fast-faster-fastest （3）还有一些副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的。例如：well-better-best badly-worse-worst far-farther/further-farthest/furthestmuch more-most little-less-least little-less-least2、副词比较等级的用法（1）副词的同级比较用 (not)as+副词原级+as .Jim did the work as well as Lilei. I cant run as fast as you .（2）两者之间进行比较常与than连用。He speaks English better than you . Tom works harder than Jim .(3)表示三者、三者以上之间的比较用副词最高级，用不用定冠词the皆可，通常有一个表示范围的短语。例如：The boy writes most carefully of the four. Jim did worst in the exam in his class yesterday.易混点清单一、how long,how often,how soon，how far的用法区别1. how long“多长”，询问动作在时间上所持续的长度。其答语部分或划线部分可能是：1）“for + 时间段”，有时可能没有介词for。如： -How long did he wait for you here？ - For two hours. It took him 20 minutes to finish his homework. (对话线部分提问)_2）“since + 具体时间”，“since + 时间段 + ago”或者“since + 从句”。如：-How long are you feeling like this? -Since last night.3）表示时间的betweenand, fromto等介词短语。如：They were playing football from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday. (对话线部分提问)_另外，how long也可以询问某事物的具体长度。如：-How long is the desk？ -1.2 meters. 1.2米。2. how soon“多久，多快”，询问动作在将来要经过多长时间才会发生。其答语部分或划线部分可能是：in + 时间段。如：Hes going to Zhengzhou in two days. (对话线部分提问)_3. how far“多远”，询问路程、距离。如：How far is it from here to school? 4.how often 指每隔多久，主要用来对频度副词或状语(如：once a week, three times a month 等)提问。如A：How often does he come here? B：Once a month. A：How often do you visit your mother? B：Once a week.二、hard和hardly的区别(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：1. 当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：老年人改变思想是很困难的。（it is adj .）_2. 当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如： 现在外面正在下大雨。_ (二)、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如：我几乎没看到什么在黑板上。_三、much too和too much区别（一）(too) much 中心词是much1相当于形容词，意为“more than enough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如： 美国人吃太多肉。_ 2相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如：她说的太多。_（二）(much) too 中心词为toomuch too的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如：You are driving much too fast【练习】1.we should not eat junk food .A.too much B.much too C.too many D.much too 2. its _ hot in august in Nanjing . A .many too B . much