玉米脱粒机的译文英语.doc

Design and Experiment of 4YQZ-3A Combine Harvester for CornZhang Xirui Dong Youfu Zhang Daolin(School of Mechanics and Electrics Engineering Hainan University Danzhou, China zhangxirui_999)AbstractDue to the problem of the low retrieving rate of straw while harvesting, fodder went sort in stock raising and to overcome the practical problem of corn harvester reaping both corn stalk and spike while in operation, 4YQZ-3A combine harvester was designed, analyzed and the parameters of key components were pointed out for better gripping delivery mechanism, vertical picking and chopping cutter, helicinae and throwing apparatus.During the corn harvesting season, numerous performance testing and the production assessment were carried out in the field. Results achieved from the experiment indicate that the whole machine has better performance and can accomplish reaping both corn stalk and spike well.Keywords- corn harvester; picking and threshing harvester; design; EroductionCorn is Chinas second-largest food crop, occupies an important position in food production1. Maize straw contains a lot of crude protein, crude fat and fiber nutrient component, etc. Thus it is one of the most perfect forage of high quality in animal husbandry.The national annual production of corn straw is about 60,000 tons, which is a huge potential forage source 4.Corn harvester reaping both corn stalk and spike can complete the harvest of corn ear and stalks within one time, so it has significant economic, social and eco- system efficiency 5-6. At present, corn harvester reaping both corn stalk and spike still develops very slow, and the domestic model mainly are hanging type. Because of underpowered, low production efficiency and straw cleanness, it has not been rapidly promoted 7-8.Foreign models are mainly Ukrainian KCKY-6 Corn harvest machine and Corn Star series united harvest machine developed by Kempe Co. in German, due to untidy stubble height and higher price, this type of air-craft is not suitable for Chinas national conditions 9-11.Foundation item: Public beneficial(agriculture)Science research fund issue(200903059-04)On the basis of the tenth-five national research tackle key problems in science and technology research, in this article 4YQZ-3A combine harvester was designed, which combines existing corn harvest and corn silage mechanization technique and improves the design and optimizes the combination for each working device. During the of harvest corn ear, the 4YQZ-3A combine harvester can also complete cutting, conveying, chopping collection and root crop broken tasks and so on; With the popularization and appli-cation of this technique , we can solve the problem of corn straw recovery and reduce the waste of straw resources and improve the environment and soil pollution caused by straw burning. There into, the straw recovery can provide high quality feed for livestock and reduce the excessive dependence on pasture, so this technique has important practical significance to our countrys increasingly developing animal husbandry and related industries.2. Overall Institutions and Main Technical Indicators2.1. Whole Structure and Work PrincipleAs shown in figure 1, 4YQZ-3A combine harvester for corn is mainly made up of gripping delivery mechanism, spike picking device, stem shredding mechanism, cast cylinder, spike collecting box, stem crushing box, counters-field device and helicinae and delivery apparatus of stalks, etc. This machine can once completed the picking, rising and transportation, setting into the box, stalks cutting, conveying, chopping, throwing and collection and root crop crushing of corn grain. While the machinesk is operating, nearside divider subdivided maize plants, reciprocating cutter cut the plants, clamping chain clamps maize plants of which root is sundered and then convey them to vertical spike-picking roller to pick off the ear, the corn ear are conveyed to the spike collecting box by the delivery mechanism; Stalks are chopped by vertical hob behind the stem pulling roller , and then are casted by casting device to stem crushing box; and corn root are broken by counters-field device.2.2. Technology Index of the MachineAccording to the requirements of the chopping and ensiling craft of the corn stalks and the function characteristics of the prototype requirements, The main technical parameters are determined as is shown in Table 1.Table 1. The main technical parameters of 4YQZ-3A combine harvesterParametersNumerical valueParametersNumerical valueBoundary dimension (lengthwidthheight)/mm710025003600Minimum groundclearance/mm210Entire machine weight/kg5090Revolving speed of spike Picking roller/rmin-11080Mating Power/kW88.2Revolving speed of Stalkschopping machine/rmin-12100Number of Harvest rows/row3Forward speed of the havester/kmh-11.33.5Adapted line spacing/mm500800Theoretical productivity/hm2h-10.638Figure 1.4YQZ - 3 of maize united harvest machine structure schematic drawing3. Main Working Parts Design3.1 Gripping Delivery MechanismAs figure 2 shows, gripping delivery mechanism are mainly made of positivefeeding chain, passive sprocket, tension device, clamping board, conveying chain and drive sprocket,etc. When the machine are working, milpa are devided and lifted up by nearsidedivider, and then drive sprocket are driven by passive sprocket and force feeding chain to run, so as to turn milpa to gripping delivery chains, In the meanwhile, cutterbar cut off the maize plants, the broken plants conveying chain and conveying dial gripping under the common function of bluegrass chain conveyor back into pick spike roller; Tension device is used to adjust the tensioner degree of the conveyor chain so as to make the clamping stalks of clamping conveying chain more stable and reliable.3.1.1. Positivefeed ChainPositivefeed chain is located below the nearsidedivider ,dedicated to cooperating with it to force-feed the corn plants with different Line spacing. The selection of the speed of positivefeeding chain have a great effect on plants clamping transmission. Excessive speed will make plants clamping feeding within the same lines, causing the phenomenon such as stem being cut off or jamed occur; however, the low speed may make the function of Feeding chain disapper.Figure 2. Shetch of gripping delivery mechanism1.positivefeeding chain 2. Passive sprocket 3. Tensioningdevise 4. Gripping board 5. Conveyor chainTheoretically, the speed of the positivefeeding chain, the level points speed should be equal to , ,the marching speed of the machine , but in actual work process, the influence factors of the speed of positivefeeding chain include: m v_ , thefront rake of positivefeeding chain, _ , aperture has forcedfeeding speed chain of Angle, before, and conditions, etc.In order not to make the machine push down the stem when it ismarching, the level points speed of the positivefeeding chain should be greater than ,the marching speed of the machine.Figure 3. Velocity decomposition of conveying chain3.1.2 Gripping Delivery ChainWhile Gripping conveying chain is working, it is necessaryto ensure that the cutted plants are transported to spike pickingroller timely and reliable, and maintained a certain distance between the transported plants, to make spike picking roller load evenly.During Work, select maize plants to make velocity analysis in dot o in gripping chain, just as fig. 3shows.w v , its absolute velocity is induced as follows: (1) (2)Where: the speed of gripping chain ;And by: (3)By type (2) and (3) we know that: (4)Known by Type (4) ,While ,the absolute velocity,point in the direction of clamping chain (bacward) and make Angle with horizontal line; While, Absolute speed and stalks will move forward a certain angle, which will go against conveying the corn plants smoothly. Combined with the performance testing of gripping conveying in the field , when the size of belongs to 1020，this is the best situation.3.2 Vertical Picking and Chopping CutterVertical picking and chopping cutter is a critical component of picking both spike and stem , as shown In figure 4 , this device is mainlymade up of a Vertical spike picking roller, fixed knife, moving knife, Chopping cylinder.etc.Figure 4. Vertical picking and chopping cutter1.Vertical spike picking roller 2.Vertical stem pulling roller3.Moving blade 4.The fixed knife 5.Chopping cylinder3.2.1 The Scheme of Power DriveThe Scheme of Power Drive of Vertical picking and chopping cutter is shown in figure 5 .When it works, power driven by engine slow down to the input axis of chopped gearbox through the pulleys and double sprocket , the power drive shredding mechanism to run through a set of bevel gear; left behind the chop gearbox there are a group of driving chain (chainwheel of middle size and large size) transmit the power to spike picking chopped gearbox and then divide the power to stem pulling roller ear the bevel gear of the speed changing box; Above the stem pulling roller and spike picking are a group of driving chains, the power is transmitted from stem pulling roller to spike picking roller to pick the spikes. In The input axis of the spike picking gearbox lies the small chainwheel and pulley,it functions as transmitting the power to cluster transportation reciprocating type cutter.3.2.2 Vertical Spike Picking RollerVertical spike picking is completed while corn ear are drooping, compared to the average Horizontal spike picking, the picked cluster can quickly break away from spike picking roller, greatly reduce the breakage rate and the loss rate of grain. In order to strengthen the ability stem pulling and spike picking, behind the spike picking roller are in pairs stem pulling roller , can pull stem while stalks, force feeding the stalks to hobbing cutter to chop,make the conveying of stalks unobstructed and not jam between the spike picking roller and hobbing cutter. The plane lies in the two Axis of vertical spike picking device and its vertical plane forerake the degree of 2535, maize plants enter into verticalspike picking roller pick spike through grippingconveying feeding device by gripping. Plant in arc block under the effect of arc-shaped bluegrass board with picking spike into 50 roller line 70 Angle. Due to the ascension of spike picking roller, between the plants of which spike are picked and spike picking roller there exist a vertical Angle and the plants are transported backward to chopping cylinder to chop.Figure 5. sketch of power drive1.Pulley 2.Big sprocket 3.Small sprocket 4.Spike picking gearbox5.Chopping gearbox 6.Double sprocket 7.Middle sprocketAfter plenty of indoor performance test, this design determines the diameter of vertical spike picking roller as 84mm,the speed of the spike picking roller is 1080r/min.3.2.3 Chopping Cylinder(1) the determination of the feeding entrance widthThe productivity of the stalks chopping are calculated by the following type : (5)Where: Q Productivity of the design, the value is 30000kg/h;KcFill factor of the feeding stalks, the value is 0.6; lChopping length, the values is 25mm;The numberof moving blade, and design the value for four pieces;Speed of mainshaft, and design the value for 2100r/min;YcUnit weight of stalks after campaction, and design the value for400 kg/m3;b The feeding entrance length, design the value for 510mm.Substitue the above data into the above type,we obtained: a = 1.96 mm , in this design we select a = 20mm.(2) The determination of the chopping cylinderThe chopping cylinder diameter are obtained by the following type: (6) (7)Where: Dthe chopping cylinder diameter;vLinear velocity in the two endpoint of the blade line of the moving bladeMoving blade line two endpoints, design value for linear 25m/s; The chopping cylinder speed, the design value is 2100r/min.Substitue the above data into the above type we obtained that the chopping cylinder diamete is 227mm, in this design we select chopping cylinder diameter for 680 mm.3.3. Helicinae and Throwing ApparatusAs Figure 6 shows, helicinae and throwing apparatus is mainly comprised of auger conveyor, throwing impeller and throwing canister, etc. And the auger conveyor is mainly made up of plummer block, augering trough, augering axle, augering blade and augering axle pulleys, etc.Basic Dimensions for Auger ConveyorAuger conveyor pass through the bottom of the driving cab,according to operating requirements ,make augering trough L= 720mm augering axis diameter d = 60mm , augering blade diameter r = 270mm, Screw torque S = 250mmFigure 6. Sketch of helicinae and throwing apparatus1. Plummer block 2. Augering trough 3.Augering axle 4. Augering blade 5. Impeller seaming 6.Impeller shaft4. Feld Experiment and Analysis of the Results4.1 Test ConditionWe chose click on ChangYi farm, WeiFang city, ShanDong province as the Test site .The Plots are a no-till seeding Corn land in one year two ripe area. The row spacing are 275mm, line spacing are 650 mm, the corn plant height are2520mm and the stem diameter is 25 mm, the lowest height for ear are 920mm, bending rate is 2.6%, plant lodging rate is less than 2%, cluster prolapse rate is 2%, maize yield rate is 5912kg / hm2, moisture content of the stalks is 75%.4.2 Test MethodAccording to the quality inspection index of the harvest quality of corn combine established by the master station of farm machinery test of Ministry of Agriculture, performance test content of harvest quality includes the forward speed of the machine, kernel lossing rate, cluster lossing rate, kernel crushing ratio, working productivity, etc. the main inspection factors are the test program of corn harvest machine and the test items and test method of corn harvest machine 14-15.4.3 Test Results and AnalysisDuring the test process ,the prototype operates smoothly, safely and reliably, the working parts can effectively completed picking, rising and transportation, setting into the box, stalks cutting, conveying, chopping, throwing and collection and root crop crushing of corn grain. The stubble height of corn straw are tidy; Gripping conveying works smoothly, and reliably; The length of the stalks are tidy even after they are chopped, and can satisfy the tidy and the requirements of Silage process. The main operation performance index of the Prototype are shown. which can meet the design requirements.5 Conclusions(1) On the basis of a large number of testing ,we optimized 4YQZ - 3A Combine Harvester for Corn, and solved the adaptability of different line spacing range from 500mm to 800mm , finally have improved the reliability of the stem gripping delivery mechanism.(2) Developed the applicable corn harvest machine chassis and serializationed and modularized vertical spike picking shredding mechanism, Chopped stalks are casted by helicinae and throwing apparatus, the structure is simple and it operate smoothly, safely and reliablely.(3)This machine can once completed picking, rising and transportation, setting into the box, stalks cutting, conveying, chopping, throwing and collection and root crop crushing of corn grain. Field test shows that the economic technology indexes of this machine reaches relevant national standards, and also provides applicable new aircraft thefor the recycling of stalks, the development of animal husbandry and increase of peasants income . 4YQZ-3A玉米联合收割机的设计与实验张茜茹 董有福 张道林（海南岛大学机械电子工程学院 海南省 儋州 zhangxirui_999）摘要-由于秸秆在收货时低的利用率问题，饲料是畜牧业和玉米收获机收获玉米秆和穗在操作时要克服的实际问题，4YQZ3A联合收割机的设计，分析和更好的夹持输送机构，垂直采摘和砧板刀具，蜗杆和投掷设备。在玉米收获季节，大量的性能测试，并在现场进行了生产评估，指出了关键部件的参数。通过实验取得的成果表明，整机具有更好的性能，并能完成收割玉米秆和穗。关键词- 玉米收获机；采摘和脱粒收割机；设计；实验1 介绍玉米是我国第二大粮食作物，占据着重要的在粮食生产中的地位1。玉米秸秆包含大量的粗蛋白，粗脂肪，纤维的营养成分，等，因此，它是一种高品质的最完美的牧草动物畜牧业，全国每年生产的玉米秸秆约60000吨，这是一个潜力巨大的饲草源4。玉米收割机收获玉米秆和穗在玉米果穗和秸秆收获的时间内完成，所以它具有显着的经济，社会和生态系统的效率5-6。目前，玉米收获机收获玉米秸秆和脱粒发展很慢，国内模型主要是悬挂式。由于动力不足，产量低效率以及稻草清洁，但一直迅速晋升7-8。国外机型主要是乌克兰KCKY星系列玉米收获机和玉米团结收获机械发展肯普公司在德国，由于凌乱的留茬高度和更高的价格，这种类型的空气工艺不适合中国国情的9-11。基金项目：公益性（农业）科学研究基金发行（200903059-04）在此基础上的“十五”国家科技攻关滑车在科学技术研究，在这篇文章中的关键问题4YQZ-3A联合收割机的设计，它结合了现有的玉米收获和青贮玉米机械化技术和改进的设计和优化的组合各工作装置。在收获玉米耳的3A4YQZ的联合收割机也可以完成切割，输送，切碎收集和块根作物破任务和的普及和应用阳离子等;这种技术，我们就可以解决问题的玉米秸秆回收和减少秸秆资源的浪费，并提高秸秆焚烧造成的环境和土壤污染。其中，秸秆回收，可以提供高品质的牲畜饲料，减少过度依赖牧场，所以这种技术具有重要的现实意义我国的日益发展畜牧业及相关行业。2 总体机构和主要技术指标2.1 整体结构和工作原理 在图1中所示，4YQZ-3A玉米联合收割机主要由夹持传送机制，穗采摘装置，干碎纸机制的，铸铁缸，收集箱，干粉碎箱，柜台现场设备和蜗杆和运输装置的秸秆等，这机可一次完成的上升和运输，采摘，设置入禁区，秸秆切割，输送，切碎，投掷收集和块根作物玉米破碎粮食。虽然机械操作，细分面玉米植株，往复切割机切割植物，夹紧链夹玉米植株根自拔然后传达给垂直穗采摘辊摘下耳，玉米果穗被输送到穗收集箱传递机制;秸秆剁成垂直滚刀拉茎辊背后，和铸造铸造设备干粉碎箱;玉米根系被破坏计数器现场设备。2.2 机器的技术指标根据斩波的要求和青贮玉米秸秆的工艺和功能特点原型的要求，主要技术参数确定为表1。表1 主要技术参数的4YQZ-3A结合收割机参数数值参数数值估值外形尺寸（长宽高度）/米710025003600最小离地高/米210整个机器重量/公斤5090转速穗采摘辊/ Rmin-11080交配电源/千瓦88.2秸秆采摘/Rmin-12100数量收成行/行3前进速度在收获/平方公里H-11.33.5改编间距/米500800理论生产力/万hm2H-10.638图1 4YQZ-3玉米联合收获机结构示意图3 主要工作部件的设计3.1夹持交货机制如图2所示，把持传送机制主要是制成连锁垂直进给，被动链轮，张紧装置，夹紧板，输送链条和链轮，等等 当机器正在，米邦塔分离的和台起相近分离的，然后带动链轮驱动的被动链轮和强制喂料链运行，因此作为转米邦塔把持传送链，在此期间，切割机切断的玉米植株，破碎的植物输送链条和下夹持输送拨号常用