工程硕士英语测试习题集英译汉、汉译英、作文.doc

Test1汉译英 在探寻既现代又独具中国特色的风格时、可以保留、模仿或是忽略传统的建筑模式。 在过去的100年中，新技术已改变了建筑的种种可能性。改进了的电梯使建筑师可以设计真正的摩天大楼(skyscraper)、同时空调的发展已使得大型综合性建筑得以兴建。In the search for a style that is both modern and uniquely Chinese，traditional architectural patterns can be preserved，copied or ignored Over the last 100 years new technology has transformed archtectural possibilitiesImproved elevators enabled architects to design true Skyscrapers，and the development of air-conditioning has al1owed the construction of large building complexes英译汉 In medicine as in law, government,and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty oftenseem less important because of greater needs: the need to shelter from cruel news or to uphold a promise of secrecy;to cxpose dishonesty or to promote the public interest At times，doctors see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake; in their eyes，such 1ies differ sharply from self-serving ones, “ours is a profession which truths sake,and that is as far as possibledo no harm”. 在医疗行业就和在法律、政府与其他行业中一样、对诚实的要求似乎经常因为更大的需要而显得不那么重要：需要掩盖残酷的消息，或是需要倍守保密的诺言；需要捐露欺骗行为，或是需要促进公众利益。 有时候医生们认为，为了病人自身的利益，撒谎很有必要：在他们看来，这种谎言与利己的谎言截然不同。“我们这个职业，传统上馅守一条信条，那就是：尽可能不造成伤害，。这信条超越为讲真话而讲真话的美德。”作文1广告的作用2广告可能造成的损害3如何对待广告 AdvertisingAdvertisement are now considered apart of our daily lifeThere are good reasons for their popularity. For one thing，advertisements help promote the Sales and bring more orders and contracts，and thus more profits，to the manufacturersFor the other, thanks to advertisements consumers are now better informed and better educatedThey have a wider variety to choose from.On the other hand，advertisements may also be misleadingFalse advertisements may induce consumers to buy products of inferior quality and thus do harm to manufacturers of better products as well as to consumersTo prevent the possible harm，governments should take measures to see to it that advertisements are censored before they are shown to the publicMeanwhile，consumers should also be wary and use their common sense and common knowledge so as not to be taken in by false advertisementsOnly in this way can advertisements be of the greatest benefitTest2汉译英 由于没有阶层出身、承袭(inherit)的职业或教育上的限制阻碍一个孩子的发展，他所能取得的成就从理论上讲也就没百止境。因为从理论上讲任何男孩都能成为总统，所以奋斗(striving)是一种道德义务。成就，而不是阶层出身、是评价男人的标准。Since there are no limits of class,inherited occipation or education to hold a child back,therer are,in theory,no limits to whate he can achieve.Since any boy can,in theory,become President,striving is a moral obligation.Achievement,not class,is the standard by which men are judged. 英译汉Uulike many other aspects of life，relationships among people at work tend to be simpler,less complicated,somewhat less emotional.This is not to say there arent arguments and jealousies,but,on the whole,behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier,perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the discontinuous,the more intense and less regular relationships in the community.And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the “rough edges”are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day与生活中许多其他方面不同，工作人员之间的关系通常简单些，不那么复杂，而且较少感情色彩。这并不是说没有争论和嫉妒，但总的来讲，行为科学研究揭示，工作中的人际关系会要宽松些，可能是因为这种人际关系更有规律，更易于预料，因此也更容易协调?而社团中的人际关系是断断续续的，更紧张，而且较少有规律可循。工作班组也会对其成员稍稍施加压力，促使他们学会互相协调，消除“锋芒”，因为人们知道他们每天都要共同努力，相互协作，才能完成一定的工作。作文1快餐食品受欢迎的原因2快餐食品可能有的问题3你的态度Fast FoodFast food is now very common in ChinaThere are at least two reasons for its popularity.First，fast food is very convenientYou just go into a fast food restaurant，order your food，wait only a few minutes，and then youyoure your foodYou can either eat in the restaurant or put the food in a paper bag and take it awayIt saves a 1ot of timeSecond，fast food restaurants such as McDonalds and KFC look clean，which makes people believe that food served by them is hygienicFast food, however, also has its problems，The biggest one may be that it usually does not compose a balanced diet and is not high in nutritional valueThat is why it is sometimes referred to as“rubbish foodorjunk foodIn my opinion，we should turn to fast food only when we cannot afford a balanced dietWhen we can afrord the time,wed better place a premium on our health Test3汉译英“新世纪”梨是继日本水晶梨后培育出来的新品种。目前仅产在个别国家和地区。其采摘期为8月底到10月初。北京梨山果品有限公司已为其注册了宝岛牌商标*并经中国绿色食品发展中心检测、审定，被批准使用绿色食品商标标志。“New Century” pear is a new fruit after Japanese Crystal pear. It is only planted in very few countries and regions. The picking season is firm the end of August to the beginning of October. Beijing Lishan Fruit Limited has registered the trademark of Treasure island Brand. New Century pear has got the permission to use green food mark by China Green Food Developing Center after strict examination. 英译汉Mr. White, our new principal, determined to do something about the spreading cheating in our university. He issued bulletins and began to warn those teachers who did not watch alertly. Under pressure, the faculty reported the names of wrongdoers. Mr. White s rigorous campaign against the cheaters seemed to be paying off.新校长怀特先生决心对我们大学里越来越普遍的考试作弊行为采取措施。他发布公告，并开始警告那些监考不严的教师。在压力之下，教师们报告了作弊学生的姓名。怀特先生对作弊学生所采取的严厉行动似乎正在收到效果。作文题目Among four English language skills, i.e. speaking listening, reading and writing, which skill are you good at most? Which is your weakest skill? Please explain the reasons and tell us what you are going to do to improve your weak skills in the future.As we know, English language skills can be divided into listening, speaking， reading and wnting. Among the four language skills, listening and reading are grouped as receptive skills, and speaking and writing are branded as productive skills.In China, many students have a relatively good command of reading skill while their speaking skill may be the weakest. I am one of them. This fact might result from two important factors. In the first place, it involves a psychological factor. According to a famous linguist, students experience more difficulty In acquiring productive skills than in acquiring receptive skills. However, the more important factor is that our teachers lay much more emphasis on receptive skills, while productive skills are suffering negligence to different degrees on different campuses.I dont think it right to just attach importance to reading and listening. Actually, speaking and writing are also very important in real lifie. Im a computer engineer in a foreign-funded company. On most occasions, I need to communicate with my foreign partners in English. The inability of speaking and writing fluent English really hinders my development in the company. So, lve decided to attend a night class on English communication in order to improve my speaking and writing abilities in a relatively short time.Test4汉译英 体能娱乐(physical recreation)让我们有机会增强我们的体质以反能满足我们竞争的天性。这种活动的范围包括从事费力的运动，如：马拉松赛跑、打篮球或打网球、以及慢步调的项日如馒跑成高尔夫球。体能娱乐不仅能力我们的日常生活提供受欢迎且必需的休息，而且提醒我们注意身体状况。Physical recreation affords us the opportunities to strengthen our bodies md to satisfy our competitive nature. The activities range from participation in strenuous sports such as runing in marathon races, playing basketball, or playing a couple of sets of tennis, to slow-paced events like jogging, or a round of golf Physical pastimes provide welcome and necessary breaks in our daily lives, md alert us to our physical condition.英译汉Some people think that the spread of automated machines will deprive mankind of its proper functions. This kind of point of view has been confirmed by the use of language translator. With importamt technological and scientific work being done today, a machine can be set to treat a foreign language as a coded message which it can analyze and put into English As strange as it might seem, these machines are taking over as translators in ever increasing numbers. 有人认为自动化设备的推广会夺取人类特有的职能。这些人的担心在语言翻译机中得到了确证。在科技工作取得重大进展的今天，有一种机器经过调节，它就能将外语作为电码信号来处理，接着再对电码信号进行分析后译成英语。尽管这看起来似乎很新奇，但是越来越多的机器正在接任译员的工作。作文有些人认为考试中最好采用多项选择题(multiple choices)形式,也有些人认为多项选择题弊病太多，最好还是采用需要学生动手的主观评分试题题目(subjective-scoring items)，如写作、翻译、回答问题等。你对此有何看法?请说明理由并对未来的考试形式提出建议。Generally speaking， there are two types of items in English examination, they are multiple choices items and subjective-scoring items Multiple choices items refer to all those items that require students to select one correct answer from several choices, while subjective-scoring items are those that require students to express some ideas with their own words, such as translation, writing and speaking.For me, I thirk subjectivc-scoring items have more advantages than multiple choices items. First, subjective-scoring items provides students with opportunities to demonstrate their lamgmage abilities to the full extent. Students can always come up with new ideas instead of being confined to the limited choices; Second. it can help avoid cheating in examinations, because studenh can never see explicitly what the people around them are writing, while they can easily figure out the location of A, “B, C or D; Thirdly, it can help both students and teaches pay more attention to language use instead of language usage.Meanwhile, we have to admit that multiple choices items also have some advantages. For example, it is easy to score and impartial to students. So l think the best form of examination is to combine the two types of items together .Test5汉译英 在过去的10年中，中国的经济发生了巨大的变化。传统的经济体系已经得到改造，新的市场经济体制已经建立。国民经济连续5年以l0的速度增长。此外，中国政府还采取了一些有效的措施进一步扩大对美国和欧洲国家的贸易。仅1999年，对外贸易额比1998年就增长了27。Over the past ten years, a huge change has taken place in Chinas economy The traditional, economic system has been transformed, and a new market economic system has been established. The national economy continued to increase by 10% for five years Additionetly, the Chinese Govemment has taken effective steps to increase its exports to the United States and European count ies. In 1999 only, She foreign trade grew 27% higher than that in 1998.英译汉There were reasons for this marked shift of national emphasis from political affairs to the great development of the nations economy and industry The nation at large was exhausted flom the Civil War, By the 1870s, most Americtms felt that it was time to turn to building their own lives. At the same time, the post-war expansion of railroad transportation, and the exploitation of steam and electrical power obviously played major roles. Equally important too, was the vast physical size of the nation itself with its endless supply of resources-iron, coal, cupper, gold, etc. Almost all these lay waiting after the war, inviting exploitatiton. 有很多原因促成了国家发展的重点从政治事务明显地转向对国家的经济和工业的巨大发展上来。整个国家被南北战争稿得精疲力竭。到19世纪70年代，多数美国人认为建设自己的生活的时代到来了。与此同时,战后铁路交通的发展，蒸汽和电力的开发明显地发挥了重大的作用。幅员辽阔的国土及其取之不尽的资源铁、煤、钢、金等也同样重要。所有这些都等待着战后的外发。作文题目Direchnnt.: Nowadays many young people in large-scaled enterprises have enrolled in Master Program of Engineering They study and do research on a part-time base Afier graduation, they will certainly go back to their posts. Now espress your opinion about this program with a title My Opinian ahout the Master Ptogtatn Program of Engineering Your composition should be no less than 120 woods longMy Opinion about the Master Progrnm of EngineeringRecently, the Maste Program of Engineering has started in some universities. The purpose of the program is to offer a formal and advanced professional training to those who have been working in big enterprises, research institutions, or government organizations. These people have acquired enough experience, however, they need to refresh their knowledge, and also expect to obtain a masters degree from the umiversities. After training they will return and do more for their enterprises. Therefore, this grogram is very practical and welcomed by the society. I think this program has a lot ot advantages. First, more people will be trained at an advanced level. They will have a chance to renew their knowledge and will be able to keep up with what is happening in their own fields Second, they can combine what they arc learning with their real work. As these people know what they need in their fields, they will be able to use what they have learned to solve some practical problems. Third, these people will certainly retum to their work, and their entemrises will be professionally better off.It is likely that they will improve the technology and productivity. In a word, the program is necessary and I hope that it will continue, and more people will be able to receive such kind of training from universities. Test6汉译英 博物馆变了。许多博物馆在外表上发生了变化。一些古老的、灰暗的博物馆已经重建，较新的博物馆建筑都很敞亮和现代化。内部有现代化的照明、色彩和音响。越来越多的博物馆负责人认识到：当人们能设法成为他所观察的事物的一部分时，学习效果最好。Museums have changed. Many museums have changed in appearance. Some of the old, gray museums have been rebuilt, and the newer ones are open and modern in their architecture. Inside, there is modern lightening, color and sound More and more museum directors ate realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. 英译汉Of course, today scientists, engdneers and a few million computer hobbyists know the power of computer networking, and they take the convenience of networking for granted. But imagine that the network could transmit not just text but video and voice. It is easy to imagine uses for such a system because prototypes (原型) are already available. But the prototypes are limited because they link only a few computers. 当然，今天的科学家、工程师和几百万计算机业余爱好音都知道计算机联网的威力，他们认为联网所提供的便利是不言而响的，但是请想一下，如果联网机小仅仅能传送文字，而且能传送图像和声音，这种系统可有哪些用途是不难想像的因为现在有汗多原型。但是这些原型机有局限1生，因为它们只能联系几台计算机。作文题目Directions: Apart from the information brought by it, television has long become a very popular entertainmeat People are used to sitting in the sofa watching it after work. So some even say Televition is doing irreparable harm In this part you are supposed to write with in 30 minutes a camposition of no fewer than 120 words entitled My Opinion on Television Your composition should be based on the following outline.1. introduction to the topic.2the counter-argument(key words): must watch to be well-informed; continuous cheap source of information and entertainment; considerable variety of program; can select what we want to see; etc. 3 the argument(key words): always occupy our spare time; free time now regulated by television; rush home to be in time for prograrn; whole generations growing up addicted lo television; cut off from real world; etc. My Opinion on TelevisionTelevision hasnt been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Apart from the information brought by it, television has become a very popular entertainment. People are used to sitting in the sofa and watching it after work.On one hand, we must watch television to be well-informed since it is a continuous cheap source of infommation md entertainment. The considerable variety of programs allows us to select what we want to see. However, before we admitted television into out homes, we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. Now all our free time is regulated by this box. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that program. The whole generations are growing up addicted to television. Food is left uneaten, home work undone and sleep is lost. Television encourages passive enjoyment. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world.In my opinion, we should make full use of television but should not be passively led by it. Self-control is very important in this respect.We must warn ourselves that television is only part of our lives and we still got more important work to do.Test7汉译英 牛仔们几乎每天都早出晚归地工作。他们通常只在发薪日去城里, 个月的进城次数会超过一次的没有几个人。在城里，牛仔可能会将挣的钱全部喝掉或者输掉。有时他们会因为喝得太多而做坏事，但是大多数城镇对他们不是很严厉、因为他们不想失去生意。Cowboys worked almost every day, from sunup to sundown. Few cowboys got to town more than once a month, usually on payday. In town, a cowboy might drink an gamble away his pay .Sometimes, they drank too much and did something wrong. But most towns were not too hard on cowboys for they did not want to lose their business.英译汉Most companies offer only about half of their earnings so stockholders as dividends（红利） They often put the rest of their profits back into the operation of the business. A major motivation of executives is to expand their operations faster than their competitors. The important point, however, is that without profit over the long term no firm can survive. For growing firms in competitive markets a major indicator of executive competence is the ability to raise compamy earnings by increasing sales or productivity. This principle distinguishes the field of busines from other fields. 大多数公司只将大约收益的一半作为红利分给股东，他们通常将赢利的其余部分再投回生意运作。经营者的主要目的是以快于其竞争音的速度扩展运作。然而有一点是很重要的：任何一个公司如果长期不赢利是无法生存的。对于在竞争的市场中不断发展的公司来讲，衡量经营者能力的标尺就是他们通过扩大销售和生产加大公司赢利的能力。这便是商业领域有别于其他领域的条重要原则。作文题目Directions: In this part you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no fewer than 120 words entitled Owning Private Cars. Your composition should be based on the following outline 1私人轿车正逐渐走入百姓家庭。2私人轿车带来方便和舒适的同时，也带来系列问题，加交通和污染等问题3你自己的观点。Owning Private CarsWith the increase in the general standard of living and the drop of the prices of cars，more and more ordinary Chinese families can now afford a car.On one hand private cars bring great comfort and mobility. With private cars, the owners neednt rely on public transport, waiting for buses and taxies. On the othe