【翻译】2炙热考点【版本二】.doc

翻译炙热考点英语汉语1用词多变异&$#&*$2表述多抽象表述多具体3句子多被动句子多主动4句子多糅合句子多分解5句子重逻辑句子重语义6倒装7省略一 从多变到一致1. “词本无意，义由境生”I have masses of work to do.The masses have boundless creative power.This particle has very small mass.Troops are massing on the frontier.So it is a bit confusing when Vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?2. “词本无形，互文现义”近义词同根词代词We reach for habits mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.There will be television shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.3. 【真题范例】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 2003-61-36而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence2010-46-31科学家赶快用明显站不住脚的证据来救驾he believes that this very difficulty2008-46-32Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness2008-50-33【返回】二 从抽象到具体1. 名词抽象，适度扩展Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers.2. 动词生涩，增译转译There men wrote and published extensively, 撰写著作发表作品大量地reaching both New World and Old World audiences, 影响了读者and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.狂热追逐知识【真题范例】This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation,of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. 2011-48-31【返回】三 从被动到主动1. 若by后为动作发出者，以其为主语将句子主动化；What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?2. 可将“被”转化为“得到”“受到”“遭到”“由”“加以”“予以”；The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.The Apollo XII crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.This meeting is presided over by me.3. 可加入“泛称主语”（我们、人们）或“逻辑主语”（逻辑推断），将句子主动化；The area has been marked out for building more hotels.In this research, sharks can be taught to hunt birds.4. 可将被动句灵活转换为判断句；My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.5. 若句中蕴含情态动词，可以其开头将句子翻译为“祈使句”或“无主句”；This problem must be put under control within 2 hours. New sources of power must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to .6. 灵活使用以上方法，处理被动语态的形式主语句型。It should be realized that It may be said without fear of exaggeration that .It cannot be denied that不可否认It has been illustrated that据说明；据图示；图中表示It has been proved that已经证明It is(usually) considered that据(通常)估计；人们(通常)认为It is assumed that假定It is believed that大家相信It is alleged that据称It is demonstrated that已经证明，文中(图中)表明It is estimated that据估计It is expected that人们希望It is found that据发现；人们认为It is generally agreed/recognized that.人们通常认为/承认It is hoped/still to be hoped that(我们)希望/仍希望It is mentioned that据说It is noticed/noted that人们注意到/前面已经指出It is proposed that有人提议(指出)It is recommended that有人推荐It is regarded that人们认为It is reported that据报道It is said that据说It is stressed that人们强调说It is supposed that据推测；假定It is thought that有人认为It is universally accepted that普遍认为It is well known that众所周知It is well known that必须承认It should be pointed out that必须指出It will be seen from it that由此可见7. 【真题范例】And it is imagined by many that the operation processes of the common mens mind can by no means be compared with scientists operation processes of mind, and they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied【返回】四 从糅合到分解欣赏：【英】The last few days have found me very restless. This evening as I sat in the yard to enjoy the cool, it struck me how different the lotus pool I pass every day must look under a full moon.【汉】这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句形容词从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句（时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、方式、让步、比较）1. 同位语从句a. 识别ThatWhetherb. 语序But the idea that the journalist must understand that law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.2007-48-33但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解2. 定语从句a. 识别n. + which/that/whon. +prep. +whichn. + where / when , which / as b. 语序In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 2005-47-34在欧洲，就像其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功，这些集团将业务彼此相关的电视、广播、报纸及出版社组合在一起。Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed 2005-46-34电视是引发和传递这些情感的手段之一The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.2004-61-35希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。3. 让步状语从句a. 识别While , .AsThoughWhile there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.06-48 07-50 08-48 09-4811-47【返回】五 从逻辑到语义1. 正义反译；反义正译动词：Fail未能做成Miss没赶上live up to不辜负ignoreover-look未注意到exclude未囊括在内名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, 形容：be far from双否：nobut.；cannottooThere is no man but have fault.You cannot be too careful when translating. He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”他谦虚的补充道，有可能自己“在两个方面优于常人，其一是能够注意到不易被人觉察的事物，其二是能够对其仔细观察。” 2008-49-332. 特殊结构a. 取舍比较（强弱比较）more A than B; less B than A; not so much B as/but AInterest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。It was a curious exchange, less a debate than a quarrel between two aggressive men, each of whom determined to impress the audience as more peaceful than the other.这是一次奇妙的交谈，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，还不如说是一次吵嘴，双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。b. 完全否定no more than, not any more thanThere is no reason anyone should limit how many hours you spend on study every day, any more than they can limit how much physical exercise you do. c否定递进much less,still less,Lazy bones can hardly finish their daily tasks; still less can they achieve a brilliant future. to say nothing of,not to speak of,not to mention,let aloned形似区分Nothing but (else than) = onlyAnything but (else than) = absolutely notMr. Fu is nothing but a hooligan.Mr Fu is anything but a hooligan.He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.The young mans failure in the NETEM is nothing else than his laziness.His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.【返回】六 从倒装到顺畅1. 语法倒装完全倒装a. 状语开头；b. 谓语：“移动”或“处所”；c. 主语非代词。Under the amusing appearance of the cartoon lies a simple truth that 部分倒装1. Only强调状语开头；2. 否定意义的状语开头；3. 让步状语从句，表语倒装；4. 虚拟省略倒装；If I were you, I would persist. Were / should / hadAll would be well If reason were the only judge in the debate. All the statistics, no matter they should be moderate or serious, cannot reflect the truth. IfNo matter Only gradually the by-product of the institution was noted, and only more gradually still this effect was considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.MisconductMisdeedMisbehaviorDelinquency2009-47-32人们只是逐渐的才注意到机构这一副产品，而人们把这一作用视为机构运作的知道因素的过程则更为缓慢。and perhaps never before it has served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.在此之前有可能电视从未像在最近的欧洲事件中那样将不同的民族和国家联系起来2005-46-34在欧洲最近发生的事件中，电视把不同的民族和国家联系在了一起，其作用之大，前所未有。2. 修辞倒装若某个名词性成分过于冗长，可无条件后置。Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton, which may serve as food for larger animal such as whales. Billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton, which may serve as food for larger animal such as whales are scattered through the seas of the world.Reaching new peak of popu