土壤学英文词汇.doc

土壤与土壤资源学常用专业词汇(一) 土壤矿物质 固氮菌diazotroph矿物mineral (四)土壤理化性质石英 quartz 土壤物理性质 soil physical properties 长石 feldspar 质地texture岩石 rock 粒组soil separate花岗岩 granite 砂质sandy风化(作用) weather 壤质loam粘土clay(minerals) 粘质clay母质parent material /subsoil 粘重heavy苏达 soda 砾石gravel石灰lime 土壤结构soil structure 土壤soil 团粒granular土体solum 土壤孔隙系统soil pore system 云母 mica 孔隙度porosity(二) 土壤有机质 土壤容重bulk density/apparent density 有机质 organic matter 土壤比重particle density 泥炭 peat 土壤湿度状况soil temperature regime腐殖质humus 土壤通气性soil aeration凋落物 litter 土壤水 soil water林褥 forest floor 土壤湿度soil moisture 积累 accumulate/deposit 含水量soil moisture content 分解decomposition/decompose 水势water potential 矿化 mineralization 毛细作用capillary (三) 土壤生物 土壤颜色soil color 土壤生物体 soil organism 蒙塞尔土壤色卡 土壤动物(区系) soil fauna Munsell Soil Color Chart 细菌 bacteria 土壤化学性质 真菌 fungi (pl of fungus) soil chemistry properties 藻类algae 氧化-还原(作用) oxidation-reduction 土壤植物(区系)soil microflora 胶体colloid 蚯蚓 earthworm 吸附 adsorption 蚁 ant 阳离子交换量 螨 mite cation exchange capacity 根际 the rhizosphere 阴离子交换anion exchange 根瘤root nodule/root tubercle 盐基饱和度salt base percentage/ 菌根mycorhiza base -saturation percentage 土壤酶soil enzyme 土壤反应(pH) soil reaction(pH) 酸性acid 不完全性肥料 incomplete fertilizer 酸度acidity 厩肥stable manure(长效肥料)碱化alkalinization 粪便excrement碱性的alkaline(碱土) 鸟粪guano /gwa:neu/碱度alkalinity 骨粉bone meal(六)养分、肥料及肥力 堆（沤）制（作堆肥）compost土壤养分 soil nutrient 草皮turf营养元素nutrient element 草炭peat大量元素macro-element 草木灰ash微量元素 micro-/trace element 石灰lime氮 nitrogen 石膏gypsum水解氮 hydrolysable nitrogen 硝酸盐肥料nitrate硝态氮 nitrate nitrogen 过磷酸盐肥料superphosphate氨态氮 ammonium nitrogen 钾盐肥料kainite磷phosphorus （七）土壤发生与分布分类有效磷available phosphorus 风化作用weathering钾potassium 土壤发育（发生）钙calcium pedogenesis/soil development/genesis/formation 镁magnesium 土壤发生因素factor of soil development 硫sulphur 土壤发育过程processes of 铁iron 淋溶（作用）leaching/eluviation铝aluminium 沉积 deposit 锰 manganese 淀积illuviate(soil 专用)土壤养分供应soil nutrient supply 沉淀（沉降）precipitation土壤肥力soil fertility （水）饱和saturate肥料fertilizer or manure 还原（条件）reduction or reducing condition 施肥 fertilization or manure 潜育 gleys吸收absorption or uptake 好气条件aerobics（pl） （condition）空中施肥（飞机）aerial fertilization 累积accumulation叶面施肥foliar fertilization 富集（积）enrichment/concentration缺乏deficiency 锈斑 mottling 缺氮 nitrogen deficiency 杂色的、斑驳的mottled缺钾 potassium deficiency 过滤percolate 肥料效果response to /effect of fertilizer 土壤剖面soil profile土壤植物诊断soil and plant diagnosis 剖面发育profile development可见症状visual symptom 发生层horizon（layer）化肥fertilizer 有机质层organic layer 完全性肥料complete fertilizer 腐殖质层humus layer 绿肥（作物）green-mature crops 矿质土层mineral horizon A、B、C层A、B、C horizon 土地经营land management淋溶层eluvial horizon 地力分级land classification淀积层illuvial horizon 立地 site 潜育层gleying horizon 立地指数site index土壤分布soil distribution 深翻ripping地带性土壤zonal soils 松土scarifying /ai/非地带性土壤（在内）intrazonal soil 土壤改良soil reclamation/improvement土壤带soil stripes /ai/ 土壤保持soil conservation土壤复域soil complex 荒地virgin land土壤分类soil classification 开荒reclamation 土壤分类系统soil taxonomy/ksc/ or system工程防治（水保）mechanical control诊断层diagnostic horizon 生物防治（水保）biological control分类单元categories 沟渠clinch土纲 soil order （九）地质地貌 土类 great group 风化残渣residue n.亚类 group （subgroup） 残积土residual soil淋溶土 Alfisols 底土subsoil旱成土 Aridisols 沉积物 deposit sediment 新成土Entisols 冲积物alluvial material有机土Histosols 冲积砂fluvial sand始成土Inceptisols 冲积土 alluvial soil 软土 Mollisols 冰川glacier氧化土 Oxisols 冻土glacial soil灰土（灰壤）Spodosols 松散岩石(母质)unconsolidated rocks老成土Ultsols 非破碎岩石uncrambled rocks变性土Vertisols 山脉mountain range暗棕壤Dark Brown Forest Soil 山脊(山岭)mountain ridge草甸土Meadow soil 坡地slope沼泽土Bog soil 坡度falling gradient /ei/石质土Lithosol soil 陡 steep / 缓gentle（八）土壤管理 分水岭water shed耕作cultivate or tillage 谷地valley灌溉irrigation 盆地basin排水drain （n、-age） 洼地low land or depression or loblolly放牧pasture 平原plain 集约（精耕）intensive 平地flat land肥力保持maintain soil fertility 沙丘 dune /ju:/轮作crop rotation 漫滩(泛湿地)floor plain 排污waste discharge 山洪torrent 沼泽(泥沼)marsh/swamp/bog 污水净化sewage purification人为搅动土disturbed soil 烂泥sludges(十)土壤环境学 （化学）组成composition旱化drought or xeric 微生物转化microbiological transformation水淹flood or overflow 中毒水平toxic level侵蚀erosion 农药污染pesticide pollution可蚀性 erodibility 杀虫剂pesticide生荒的virgin 杀菌剂 细菌bactericide 真菌 fungicide 精耕的(集约)intensive 除草剂herbicide开垦reclamation 残留residue 土壤改良soil improvement or amelioration/or amendment 降解、净化degradation v. -de硬化(板结)compact 富营养化eutrophia水利water conservancy 生物富集biotic-enrichment/beneficiation水土保持soil and water conservation 放射性物质（废物）radioactive wastes 废气discharge or effluent gas 废水sewage/effluent/waste water土壤污染soil pollution /contamination废渣fag end/waste slag/industrial sediment or waste 重金属heavy metal 工业三废three industrial waste元素element 环境保护environmental protection环境背景值(本底值)background levels 环境监测environmental monitoring汞mercury 环境危害environmental hazard镉cadmium 环境标准 - standard/criteria（评价）铅lead 环境评价- criticize/assayment/evaluate污水/下水道sewage ；工业effluents 污水净化sewage purification污灌sewage farm 污染生物指数boitic index of pollution二氧化硫sulfur dioxide/daieksaid/ （十一）土壤分析常用词酸雨acid rain /precipitation 消化 digestion大气沉降atmospheric deposition（fallout） 稀释 dilution环境污染物environmental pollutant 萃取 extraction危害(危险)hazard 萃取剂extractant（剂）extract（物）剧毒highly toxic 渗透 osmosis毒害、毒物poison 渗漏 percolation浓缩、富集enrichment/concentrate 扩散diffusion工业废物（残渣）industrial sediment 过滤filter废物处理wa