新世纪大学英语课后精讲 (4).doc

Unit 4Difficult Sentences1. When my grandfather died, my 83-year-old grandmother, once so full of life, slowly began to fade. Why did Grandmother begin to fade after Grandfathers death? Whats the implied meaning of the sentence?(= Her husband, her lifetime companion, had been a very important person in her life. When her love was gone, gone also was her vitality in life.)2. Although she still had her good days, it was often hard to arouse her interest. Paraphrase this sentence.(= Though she was better on some days than others, she was usually no longer interested in the things around her.)3. GGs voice dropped low, taking on an almost reverent tone. Why did GGs voice drop low? What can we infer from the sentence?(= The doll she once had was an important part in her life and it was a symbol of many things: respect, admiration, and love, etc. Thats why when GG talked about it, her tone was full of respect.)4. GGs eyes filled and her voice shook with emotion as she recalled that Christmas of long ago.Paraphrase this sentence.(= When GG thought back that Christmas in her childhood, her eyes were filled with tears and she was about to cry.)5. A few years later, GGs baby sister was also gone, she told Meagan, a victim of pneumonia.Explain the structure of this sentence.(= In this sentence, “she told Meagan” is used as parenthesis and “a victim of pneumonia” is the subject complement.)6. Subdued for the rest of the visit, Meagan was no sooner in the car going home than she exclaimed, How to use the structure “no sooner than ”?(= This structure means the second thing happens immediately after the first thing. When “no sooner” appears at the beginning of a sentence, the word order of the sentence is inverted: No sooner was Meagan in the car going home than she exclaimed, )Translate this sentence into Chinese.(= 米根郁郁寡欢地度过了剩下的几天，我们该回家了。一上车她就叫道：)7. But where would we find a doll to match GGs fond memories? What is the implied meaning of this sentence?(= Maybe it was very difficult, almost impossible for us to find a doll that could match the one in GGs fond memories.)8. From her I commissioned a doll head in the style of three-quarters of a century ago making sure to specify “big blue eyes that opened and closed,” and hands and feet.Translate this sentence into Chinese.(= 我委托她定做了洋娃娃的头部，按照七十五年前的式样，还特别强调要“蓝色的大眼睛能眨巴眨巴”，也定做了手和脚。)9. But, of course, there was no way it could be exactly like the doll GG had loved so much and lost.What can we infer from this sentence?(= Even though we made great efforts, it is impossible for us to copy the same doll as GG once had.)10. Perhaps however impossible it seemed, we had managed to produce a close copy of the doll she remembered.Translate this sentence into Chinese.(= 虽然看起来不可能完全一样，但我们毕竟做了一个她记忆中近似的复制品。)Words and Expressions1. fade: v.1) (cause to) lose brightness, colour, strength, freshness, or vigor * Flowers soon fade when cut.* The strong sunlight had faded the curtain.* Beauty fades like a flower.(= 红颜易逝。)* 她的身体在迅速地衰弱。(= She is fading fast.)2) disappear gradually (from sight, hearing, memory, etc.)* At the bottom of my heart I feel a parental love that will never fade with the passing time.* As evening came the coastline faded into darkness.* 她已经忘记儿时的事情。(= All memory of her childhood faded from her mind.)* The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance.2. move in: take possession of a new home* You must come and see our new house when weve moved in.* We moved out on Monday and the new tenants moved in on Tuesday.Collocation:move in 搬进move out 搬出3. arouse: vt. 1)wake sb. from sleep* Aroused from a deep sleep, he was rather short-tempered.* 他午睡时被门铃吵醒。(= He was aroused from his nap by the doorbell.)2)cause sb. to become active* Of all the planets, Mars always arouses the greatest curiosity.Collocation: arouse ones enthusiasm 激起某人的积极性arouse ones interest 引起某人兴趣arouse ones suspicion 令人生疑arouse public wrath 动起公愤 CF: arouse, awake, wake & waken这些动词均有“唤醒、醒来”之意。arouse除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。awake是正式用词，常指觉醒、警惕的状态，多作不及物动词，多用于比喻，可用作表语形容词。wake是普通常用词，指真正的醒来，多作不及物动词。waken是书面用词，多作及物动词，常用于被动态和引申意义。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) You must _ to the fact that failure will mean disgrace. (= awake)2) My mother _ me from sleep. (= aroused)3) He _ up with a start when the door slammed. (= woke)4) We were _ by a loud bang. (= wakened)5) Is he _ or asleep? (= awake)6) Its time you _ up to the fact that youre not popular. (= woke) 4. miracle: n. a wonderful unexpected event; remarkable example or specimen* The launch of manned spacecraft Shenzhou is a miracle of modern technology.* 她性命得救简直是个奇迹。(= That her life was saved was a miracle.)Derivative:miraculous adj.* Its miraculous how much weight youve lost!* He made a miraculous recovery from his illness.5. sacrifice: 1) n. offering of sth. valuable to a god; giving up of sth.* Some cultures practise animal sacrifice to their gods.* Getting rich isnt worth the sacrifice of your principles.* 她父母为她上大学在多方面做出了牺牲。(= Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university.)2) v. offer sth. to a god; give up sth. important for a particular purpose* Many teenagers sacrifice to their idols.* He sacrificed his life to save a drowning child.* Do you approve of sacrificing comfort to appearance?(= 你赞成只要风度不要舒适吗？)6. recall: 1) vt. summon back; order sb. to return to a particular place* The government recalled its ambassador when war was declared.* The automaker recalled a lot of unsafe cars. bring back to the mind; remember* Can you recall your school days?* Try to recall exactly what happened.我不记得见过她。(= I dont recall meeting her.)2) n. the act of summoning back* The recall of the general from abroad caused a scandal. the ability to remember* She has an amazing recall of her early childhood.我的记忆力已大不如前。(= My powers of recall are not what they were.)Pattern:recall sb. (from to )recall sth.recall doing sth.recall that recall where, how, why, etc.CF: memorize, remember, recall & remind这些动词均含有“记忆，记住，回忆”之意。memorize指有意识地下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。remember含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。recall比remember文雅，指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。remind用作及物动词，表示“提醒，使想起”。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) The film _ him of what he had seen in Germany. (= reminded)2) He _ every detail of that occurrence as though it happened yesterday. (= remembers)3) An actor must be able to _ his lines. (= memorize)4) Please _ me to write to Dave. (= remind)5) He _ his last evening with his fiance whenever he felt depressed. (= recalled)7. crash:1) v. fall or strike suddenly, violently, and noisily* The plates crashed to the floor.* Experts were analyzing the data in the black box (the flight recorder) of the crashed plane.* The lightning flashed and thunder crashed.(= 电光一闪，雷声隆隆。)2) n. violent fall, blow or breaking* The tree fell with a great crash.* All the passengers were injured in the car crash.* The great financial crash in 1929 ruined international trade.8. smash: v. (cause to) break into pieces violently and noisily; rush into; defeat* We are determined to smash terrorism.* The wave smashed on to the beach.* The lock was rusty, so we had to smash the door open.CF: break, crack, crush & smash这些动词均含“打破、弄碎”之意。break是常用词，含义广泛，多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏。* He has broken the glass into pieces. 他把玻璃杯摔碎了。crack多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表面呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片。* The tree cracked loudly and fell. 那棵树发出咔的一声巨响断裂倒下了。crush表示从外面往里或从上往下压，使其成为碎片或碎块。* This machine crushes wheat grain to make flour. 这台机器把麦粒碾成面粉。smash指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。有时指感情受到打击。* He smashed the headlights of the car when he hit another car. 他撞上了另一辆车，把车前灯撞得粉碎。9. spill: v. (cause to) run or fall accidentally, esp. over the edge of a container; overflow* Some of the wine spilled on to the floor. 他撞翻了水桶，水全流出去了。(= He knocked the bucket over and all the water spilt out.)* Who spilled the news?(= 是谁把这个消息捅出去的？)10. subdue: vt. bring under control; calm* Napoleon subdued most of Europe.* He managed to subdue his mounting anger.* Neither riches nor honours can corrupt him; neither poverty nor humbleness can make him swerve from principle; and neither threats nor forces can subdue him.(= 富贵不能淫, 贫贱不能移, 威武不能屈。)subdued: adj. unnaturally or unusually quiet in behaviour* He spoke in a tone of subdued satisfaction.* I felt strongly subdued as I drove home.* 听说考试不及格，嘉莉情绪低落地回到寝室。(= Carrie returned to her dormitory with a subdued heart when she heard she had failed in the exam.)11. exclaim: v. speak or say loudly and suddenly, because of surprise or other strong feelings* The evil stepmother of Snow White looked in the mirror, exclaiming in dismay at her appearance.* He exclaimed that it was untrue.* He could not help exclaiming at how much his son has grown.CF: cry, shout, exclaim & scream这些动词的共同含义是“喊”或“叫”。cry一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。shout指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发出命令或唤起注意等。 exclaim多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。scream指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) The police _ out a warning. (= shouted)2) A baby can _ as soon as it is born. (= cry)3) Mary was _ hysterically. (= screaming)4) She _ her heart out when she heard of her friends death. (= cried)5) The newspaper _ against the governments action. (= exclaimed)12. in/out of touch (with): in/not in communication (with); having/not having information about* Ill be in touch again towards the end of the week.* I try to keep in touch with latest events by reading newspapers. 一定要尽早联系。(= Do get in touch soon.)13. resemble: vt. look like or be like* Many college graduates discover that society does not at all resemble the way it is in their imagination. * Leo Tolstoy once said all happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.她和她母亲长得非常像。(= She resembles her mother in looks.)Pattern: resemble sb./sth. (in sth.) 14. commission: vt. place a special order for, or appoint someone to do sth.* My father commissioned a real estate agent to sell our house.* He is commissioned to negotiate with the terrorists.* 他请人制作他妻子的雕像。(= He commissioned a statue of his wife.)15. make sure of sth./that: take action so that something will certainly happen* There arent many seats left for the solo concert; youd better make sure of one.* Ill just make sure that the car has been locked.* I think he has to go to the doctor to make sure it is not infected.* 千万查看一下是否所有的门都锁好了。(= Make doubly sure that all the doors are locked.)16. duplicate: 1) vt. copy exactly; repeat* Ill get these notes typed up and duplicated.* This research merely duplicates work already done elsewhere.* 有人说，用不了多久，电脑将不仅能复制人脑，而且还远远胜过人脑。(= Some say in a very short time, computers may not only duplicate the human brain, but far surpass it.)2) n. copy* Is this a duplicate or the original?* The secretary was asked to prepare the contract in duplicate.* If youve lost your key, I can give you a duplicate.3) adj. identical; doubled* a duplicate set of keys (= 完全相同的一套钥匙)* a duplicate receipt/form (= 双联式收据/表格)17. volunteer:1) v. give or offer (ones services or help) willingly or without being paid* Many people volunteer to fund the establishment of Hope Primary Schools and enable dropouts to return to classrooms.* She volunteered (her services) for relief work. 她自愿提供经济资助。(= She volunteered financial support.)Pattern: volunteer sth.volunteer to do sth.volunteer (sb.) for sth.2) n. person who offers to do sth. without being compelled or paid* Princess Dianas special satisfaction came from volunteer work.* One volunteer is worth two pressed men.Collocation:an aid-the-poor volunteer 扶贫志愿者volunteer labour义务劳动volunteer service义务服务18. illustrate: vt.1) supply a book, article, lecture, etc. with pictures* He donated 5,000 well-illustrated textbooks to dropouts.2) explain by examples, pictures, etc.; serve as an example* Aesops fables illustrate moral maxims.* Olympic Games illustrate what high standards our players must achieve.为了阐明我的观点，我做了对比分析。(= To illustrate my point I have done a comparative analysis.)19. go with: be gained with or included with esp. as a result; match or suit* Disease often goes with poverty.* We must go with the times/tide.幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。(= Happiness doesnt always go with money.)* These new curtains dont go well with your carpet.20. get through (with): (manage to) do or complete sth.* He has got through all his fortune.* As soon as I get through with my work, Ill join you.* She can get through a greater amount of work with less expenditure of energy.今天我处理了一大批信件。(= Ive got through a lot of correspondence today.)21. crack: v. (of the voice) become harsh; break without complete separation of parts; hit sharply* Thunder cracked and rumbled. * I dropped a plate and cracked it.* We must, according to law, crack down on all kinds of crimes and social evils such as gambling, drug abuse and illegal trafficking (非法交易).他从窗户跌出去，手臂有一处骨裂。(= He fell out of the window and cracked a bone in his arm.)* A cracked bell can never sound well.(= 破钟无好音。/狗嘴里吐不出象牙。)22. take over: gain control over and responsibility for (sth.)* After his father retired, Tom took over the family business.* Was it in 1948 that the Government took over the railways in Great Britain?* 比尔退休时将由彼得接任总经理一职。(= Peter will take over as general manager when Bill retires.)* Would you like me to take over the driving for a while?23. leave off sth./doing sth.: stop (doing) something; give up* Its time to leave off work.* I wish youd leave off whistling like that.* I didnt leave off work until ten oclock last night.请停止打麻将，读书吧。(= Leave off playing mahjong and study.)24. cradle:1) n. a small bed for a newborn baby; the place where sth. begins* The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* The Yangtze River Valley is another cradle of Chinese civilization running parallel to, if not earlier than, the Yellow River Valley.* from the cradle to the grave(= 从生到死)2) vt. hold gently as if in a cradle* She cradled the baby in her arms.* He was cradled in luxury.* She had been cradled a child of fortune in the house of her uncle.25. inspire: vt.1) put uplifting thoughts, feelings or aims into* The trainer inspired the team to even greater efforts.他激起了所有同事的信心。(= He inspired confidence in everyone he works with.)2) fill with creative power* The beautiful scenery inspired Li Bai to write his greatest poetry.* He inspired his students with a vision of freedom.* H