仲华版OGSC正确答案结构分类与理解.docx

1. 结构与句子理解题句子理解，固定搭配，习惯用法1. Although various eighteenth-nineteenth-century。,it was not until almost 1900 that scholars and critics seriously began studying traditional Native American poetry in native languages.( to begin seriously to study-wordy)2. Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history, perhaps none was more concentrated than the wave that brought.(有more一定要由than ,有发起对比词一定有跟进的than)3. In late 1997,the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharao Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls .(明显，the stone was crystallizing 是对应后文，有because 不用due to)这是用had done 的其中一句!4. .,the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would in the past have conceded to rivals .(in the past 的位置决定在与其modify的对象是would have conceded to rivals放在后面，混乱，不知道应该modify 谁对吧！)这是典型的状语修饰问题，在语法中，追求没有歧义。但在做题中，应该根据选项来决定是否应该注意，在一开始可以不予考虑这类问题。5. Like 谁，就要对应谁6. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay,but the most extensively used method has been to form the mud or clay into bricks,and ,after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them in the wall in mud mortar.(这条题做多少次错多少次，不是很难，是没有强化到哪个关键词-and!见到and,不论是局部对应还是结构对应，都应该注意上下文的parallelism!关键！)7. Sunspots,.,are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have been sighted on the Suns poles or equator.(明显地，But的出现也使句子要形成平行结构。)8. Rising inventories,if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales,can lead to production cut backs that would hamper economic growth.(correspondingly-ambiguous)9. .，the National Academy of Sciences has urged the nation to revamp computer security procedures, institute new emergency response teams,and create a special nongovernment organization to take (create sth to do sth)10. Not.contain color or flavor additives,chemical preservatives,or anything that has been synthesized.(不可以用nothing,这样会出现多重否定)11. Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,in the form of carbon dioxide,and converting it to energy-rich sugars.(parallelism)12. Neuroscientists,having amssed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its devoleoment form birth to adulthood ,are now drawing.13. Emily Dickinsons letters to Susan Huntington Dickkensin,which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susans marriage to Emilybrother and ending shortly before Emilys death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else.（假如前文对应修改，outnumber改为outnumbering为什么错呢？愿意在与outnumbering 前面有好长的东西，使outnumbering 不知道修饰的是谁。）14. Estimated to do sth.15. 类比的结构一定要对应，全部是名词要不全部是动词要不全部是其他。16. .animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment,protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.(后面的解析是对应上文的items,不是military！记住)17. Even though many of her colleagues were convinced that genes were relatively simple and static,Barbara McLlintock adhered to her own.(1.Unlike the conviction held by.与下文的人名不对应2.Although many of her colleagues were of the conviction of genes being-wordy3. Being done -wordy) 18. the same as to .as to .19. depend on .whether 不用if20. it is so X that Y has become 或者 so x that it has become21. in 1850,LU published her Discourse on Wowen,a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women and for changes in the married womens property laws.(为什么不用arguing in a treatise？因为上文的句子重心明显是后面的出版物，所以后面的解析也应该围绕着这个展开，而不是围绕人物做了什么)22. 形容词可以被副词修饰，target at .23. Laos has a land area comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people,many of whom are members（where 错， many of them 错，them可以代指上文很多东西，之前也做过类似的题在前文修饰东西多的情况下容易confused）(也告诫了一个方法，前面几个词难以区分时候请从后面开始，不要慌！)24. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer,bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.(and brought 只能够修饰five fledgling sea eagles.但bringing可以修饰前面整句，效果明显。但是，在doing修饰对象不清楚的情况下一定要慎用。)25. The automotive conveyor-belt system,.,reduced the time required to assemble a Model T from a day and a half to 93minutes.(两个原则：1.结构定式原则，sb do sth是最完美的2.简洁性原则。如：the time required for the assembling of a Model T-wordy)26. Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate .joesphine made Paris her home,and she remained（Long being it was fashionable being an expatriate-awkward. ）27. It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology.(留意句子结构 ，固定性和句子表达清晰性)28. A leading figure in the Scott,Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what Mars Das is to socialism.（上文为什么不可以用Adam Smiths two major books are to .what is to .呢？因为上文的前提条件是修饰人物的。）(x is to y what a is to b)29. The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whale,which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.(growing up to 30 feet long and being,这里的growing是修饰the 32 species,which就近修饰whale ,答案出现了 )30. Because x.as becausey31. Attribute.to 32. Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last because refiners are paying about 5yuan a barrel more for crude oil than they were last year.(compare with: it is expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last years because refiners pay about 5yuan a barrel for crude oil more than they did. It is expected that相对于原句wordy)33. Limitations 是可数名词不可以用less，而是用fewer.34. Originally developed for detecting air pollutants,a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission,which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it ,is finding uses in medicine,archaeology,and criminology.(这句子严密遵守修饰句和修饰词严密单一搭配的逻辑关系)35. Aid in doing sth!36. Construction of the Roman Colo,which was officially known as the Flavian,began in AD79,during the reign of Ves, and was completed a decade later.37. Expect in . 不用expect for.38. The World wildlife Fund has declared that global warming,a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings burning of fossil fuels,will create havoc among migratory birds by.（compared with: a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused-wordy）39. Persuade sb to do sth. 40. One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead to a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation,a rally in stocks and bonds,and a weakening of the dollar.(观察，OG的上下联系和搭配的极致！)41. In no other historical sighting did halleys comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.42. Date at.不是date to !(以下资料是OG以外的补充)43. In addition to the increase in hourly wages requested last July,the employees of the railroad are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.(compared with: Added to the increase in hourly wages requested last july,the railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits. 表示The railroad employees are added to the increase in hourly wages 与之前的一个观点可以拟合：主语是人，Ing，ed一定是一个动作。物，ing ,ed一定要对应物的修饰。44. Contrary to 在句首作状语，对此短语无需考虑逻辑主语问题，但当in contrast to ,unlike ,opposite to 放在句首的时候，主句的主语应与这三个介词之后的名词属同类或对等。45. Sb distinguish between a and b . or a feature/character distinguishing a from b46. Never before had taxpayers confronted so many changes as they confronted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986.(这里的前后关系只决定后面的单词用do 或they confront(),后面的1986才是决定时态)47. 比较句子一定要主要比较的主语对称，时态各自决定。48. More/less of +n(可数或不可数) 表示更大（少）程度上的。49. As as 用于同级比较，so .as用于同级比较的否定形式。50. Twice 一般用于数量上的翻倍，例如twice as much as .or twice as many as 不可以用去twice as fast as 或者twice as rapidly as .等2. 细节对比题。时态，代词1. The Glass House Mountains in Queensland,Australia,were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook,who so named them supposedly because their sheer wet rocks glistened like glass.(by whom they were named-wordy)2. Although a surge in retail sales has raised hope that a recovery is finally under way,many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.3. Diabetes,together with its serious complications ,ranks as the nations third leading cause of death.surpassed only by heart and cancer.(has the rank of nations third leading cause-wordy4. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since 5. .because they have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot . （为什么不可以用其他语态呢？因为用其他语态需要具体的时间状语来提示！）6. A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as analysts previously thought.7. Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August ,intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.（expectations是在过去时态，所以他所expect的也要过去时，用would.）（另外要注意这句子的more than +v的结构）8. The lroquois were primarily planters, although they supplemented their cultivation of maize,squash,and beans with fishing and hunting .(although 后面跟从句必须有完整的句子结构，而but ,and 等如果主语一致应省略主语)9. 如果可以不用动名词就尽量不用，因为动名词会ambiguous. 10. Deborah Sampon,.,was injured three times,and was discharged in 1783 because she had become ill to serve.(注意V的主被动形态，这题也是had done 正确的，好好研究下为什么正确。)11. To develop more accurate population forests,demographers would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.(这句话解析了一个假设的情况，形成了一个与现实对比的结构。由于为了更准确地预测人口，这些人将会怎么怎么改变,是一种虚拟的情景。)12. .a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by single fertilized spore some 10,000years age and extending for more than 30acres(这样也是对应，但一定要细节观测V的主被动语态).13. In 1713,Alex Pope began his translation of the lliad ,a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic San,Popes contemporary,pronounced the greatest translation in any language.(如果his translation of the lliad 改为began translating the lliad,a work就是修饰lliad不是translation，答案明显)14. According to some analysts,the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”,followed by a gradual increase in business activity.(这个的that 不可以用疑问代词what 代替，不然会转换了从句的修饰状态)15. .because they assumed that without it their grip on Algeria would never be secure.(对比never would their grip on Algeria be secure if they did not hold it ,it 放在这里可以代指很多东西，所以代词放在越后面，越要小心！)16. Found throughout Central and South America, the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs ,sleeping 15hs a day and moving so infrequently that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its toes.（这题错了N次了，主要原因是比较长，读题后容易忽略后面的两个its,所以在第一次快速浏览的时候一定要全句读完有个大概的印象）17. The first trenchs cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar,Syria,have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but (were cut .and were arising-wordy!)18. to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas.( 面对选择过去完成时还是过去式时，主要是看句子给定的时态，本句中，the concept想证明 an age existed what而不是过去的过去！)19. an online version of the museum encourages visitors to “touch “each exhibit and thereby activate the animated function of the piece.( to activate to 可以省略)20. Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence,the menderthals appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path .(appear to 永远对)21. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphate that municipalities are allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.(条约的生效是永远的，所以时态一定要客观去根据原文信息和状语决定。)22. The question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals horns have been trimmed(改为whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.不行呢，因为之前也说过，代词it ,their 越放在后面就越有可能代指混乱，这里的their 有可能是tourists 和rhinoceroses)23. Fossils of arm of a sloth .found in Puerto Rico in 1991,have been dated at 34 million years old,making the sloth the earliest kown mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.(改为sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991,and dated at 34 million years old ,made it the earliest known mammal of为什么错呢？因为it放在这个位置很可能代指混乱，回顾上文，it 确实引起句子混乱)24. The results of the companys cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits,which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two year.(it fell改为，明显it 与前面的profits不相符，虽然很简单，但经常错！)25. 相对比较时，一定要选择形式最简洁，并且没有歧义和其他含义的最优句子。26. The resulting flow pattern,with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly ,is known as “standing waves”.（对比stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air,is OG的解析是：从句用被动语态跟在although后面是awkward and unclear)27. Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s,but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol,and particularly of red wine ,with a reduced risk of heart disease.(but后面的they 位置合理，代指单一。Compared with:after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption,particularly red wine ,they began growing again.OG的解析如下：they 要修饰sales，但放在修饰词太远的地方使句子awkward and difficult to decode.28. .saying that their compliance with law requiring that turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.(law后面加require 表law的目的，怎么可能用to require?是用required啦是吧？)29. Recently implemented “shift-work equations”based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness,sleeping on the job ,and fatigue among shift workers while raising production efficiency in various industries.(compared with：fatigue among shift workers ,and have raised.是把各动词并列在have reduced 那，那么sleeping 要改为sleep,所以错。而原题，明显是把各动词并列在reduce后面，所以前面就要用and.)30. Many investors base their choice between bonds and stocks on comparisons of bond yields with the dividends available on common stocks.（在选择用comparing 或者comparison 上，前者表达是强调动作，后面的是强调状态。）31. 前文未提及的重复性名词不应该加the.32. Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970s,have not significantly reduced the gap that exists between the richest and poorest districts.直接对应原文一开始的effort,期间的修饰语不应该影响主语动词语态。下面开始是OG以外的其他复习资料的总结。33. The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years after the wives of workers producing the chemical in Rensselaer, New York,were found either to have had miscarriages or to have borne children with heart defects; None of the pregnancies was normal.(found to do sth .do 与found 中，do在found 的前面，要用have done,而found 用过去式，则要found to had done。)34. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago ,the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet,and it is believed to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.(因为这种creature 已经灭绝，所以在“现在”的believed下，be 是过去的情况，所以用to have been。)35. It is characteristic of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as it is of virtually every great American museum,that the taste of local collectors has played at least as large a part in the formation of its collections as have the judgements of the art histo