初中英语现在完成时与过去完成时讲解与练习.doc

一、现在完成时 标志词：just、already、yet，ever, never , recently , for , since , before ,still now , so far , 比较 have been to 表示去过，已经回来了。 have gone to 表示去了，还没有回来。Have been in 表示一直在某个地方 1) I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 2) He has gone to Beijing , and he will be back next week. 3) I have been in Beijing for three years. He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left since . for 都是完成时的标志词如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。It is + 一段时间+ since+ 过去式如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for twoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。二、过去完成时句中的动作发生在过去之前（过去的过去），即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。 过去完成时常用的时间状语有 （1） 、by the end of last year. By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words. （2） 、By the time sb. +动词过去式 The bus had already left by the time I got there. By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的。例如：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. 过去完成时-语法区别（1）、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 （2）、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 练习题1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been3、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know . will know4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been6. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that7.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet8.He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept9.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 10. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had11.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away12. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. Live13.These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone14. He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink.A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying15.By the end of 1976， many buildings _built in the city. A have been B have C had been D will16.-Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to17.It_ ten years since he left the army. A. is B.was C.has been D.had been18. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better19.We _five English songs by the end of last term. A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned20.When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother _already_to hospital. A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent21.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made22. Han Mei told me she _lunch， so she was very hungry. A has had B hasnt have C have had D hadnt had23. She _her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband _home.A has left； comes B had left；