basketball.doc

I. History of Basketball1. James NaisimithWatch the video clip2. FIBA International Basketball Federation Headquarter： Munich in GermanyWatch the video clipII. 篮球 Basketball 英语词汇1. watch the video clip about the court of basketball (06:40)2. basketball rules3. vocabulary球场court 前锋forwards 后卫guards 中锋center 后场backcourt 前场frontcourt 大前锋power forward 小前锋small forward 篮框rim,basket 篮板-backboard，glass 罚球线 free throw line 争球jump ball 攻方offense 守方defense 计时器shot clock 打成平分tie，draw 加时赛overtime（OT） 运球dribbling 身前快速运球speed 双手交替运球crossover 身后运球behind-the-back 腿间运球betweentheleg 转身运球spin 传球pass 胸部传球chest 反弹传球bounce 跳投jump shot 勾手投篮hook shot 投篮命中率field goals（FGs） 三分球命中率3-point FGs 罚球foul shot 罚球线free throw line 篮板rebound 攻方篮板off.rebounds 守方篮板def.rebounds 助攻assists 内线得分points in paint 暂停timeout 卡位screens， boxout篮板时：当防守方在篮下阻挡进攻方抢篮板球时的动作双臂张开，腿半蹲，沉腰，全力将进攻方挡在自己背后。使进攻方在抢篮板时起跳困难，且容易造成进攻篮板犯规。低位进攻时：同抢板时动作要领相同，目的都是将对方卡在自己身后。但进攻时所卡位的方向与抢篮板时完全相反，背对篮筐。适合运用卡位的位置在漆线区周围。一般都是中锋或者大前锋所掌握的技术。在一个拥有强力内线时会经常用到的技术。配合战术是其他队员将防守方拉到远处，防止盗球。人盯人mento men defense 区域防守zone defense 盖帽blocking“盖帽”是指篮球比赛中，队员原地或跳起用单手或双手将球举起试图投篮，在球离手的一刹那，或者球高手后向上飞行的过程中，防守队员跳起用手臂封堵，干扰和破坏了球的正常飞行，有效地阻止了投篮得分，通常人们把这种动作称为盖帽。 失误turnovers 撞人犯规charging 阻挡犯规holding 推人犯规pushing 技术犯规technical offence（fouls） 大力传球baseballtype 身后传球behindtheback 投篮方式shooting form 直接篮下得分lay-up 大力灌篮the dunk shot，slam1.In a basketball game, teams constantly trade possession of the ball. At any given movement, the offense is the team that has the ball, and the defense is the team without the ball. For the offensive team, its success depends on its members playing together. On offense, only one player handles the ball at a time, but the other players are always moving and positioning themselves to try to create scoring opportunities, either for the ball handler for themselves. 2.Play bigBigger players can force their way closer to the basket, creating shorter shots for themselves and opening up space for the guards on the perimeter to hit jump shots. Playing big also gives a team an advantage in rebounding, the disadvantage of playing big is that smaller, quicker opponents may use their speed to play a fast-break game. 3.A teams three-point game certainly depends on having excellent shooter, but it also depends on players setting good, solid screens that get shooters open and on players using the wings of the court(and thus forcing the defense to cover more area) . It also depends on having a strong inside game that prevents the defense from concentrating too much on the outside shooters. 4.Blocking out and rebounding are keys for a successful offense, because the team gains second or third opportunities to score on missed shots. However, blocking out and rebounding are generally more difficult for the offensive team than for the defensive team, because the defenders are usually playing closer to the basket than the offensive players. 5. An important element of man-to-man defense is matching up properly, so that players defend opponents who play the same position and are roughly the same size and skill level. The defense thus ensures that the offense does not create mismatches. The National Basketball Association美国职业篮球联赛1.The history of NBAThe National Basketball Association(NBA), with 29 teams from the United States and Canada, is the major professional basketball league in the world, and represents the highest level of professional play. Players from all over the world aspire to play in North America. In 1946, a few Eastern-based arena operators agreed that they needed more events to bring the public into their buildings on nights their hockey teams were not scheduled play. From these decidedly humble beginnings, a professional basketball league that is now known as the National Basketball Association or NBA was born. There were 11 teams in that inaugural season of 1946-47, and only three remain today. They are the Boston Celtics, the New York Knicks and the Warriors, who started in Philadelphia, moved to San Francisco in 1962 and to Oakland in 1971, where today they are known as the Golden state Warriors.2. Schedule of NBAThe 29(there is 30 teams after Charlotte Bobcats joining in ) NBA teams are divided into two conferences, the Eastern and Western, each of which has two divisions(now, it is divided into 3 divisions each after Charlotte Bobcats joining in). Each NAB team conducts a training camp in October to determine its 12-player roster. Training camp allows each team to evaluate players, especially rookies, to assess the teams strengths and weaknesses, and to prepare players to the upcoming season through a series of on-court drills and practice of offensive and defensive strategy. After a series of exhibition games, the NBA begins its 82-game regular season in the first week of November.The NBA has an 82- game schedule thats arranged by the league office. David Stern, commissioner of the NBA, has some people in charge of going through the schedule, and looking at the different teams. They come up with the schedule. There are 82 games in the regular season: 41 games on the road; and 41 games played at home. That makes the regular season. Its a pretty rigorous schedule compacted into about 5 months-6 months. When you look at the playoff format in the NBA, they pick 8 teams in the Western conference, and 8 in the Eastern conference. The top 8 teams they pick-according to their records- the teams in the Western conference do the best record, you see the number 1, they go down all the way to number 8, and in the Eastern conference, they go best record and they go down the line. On both sides, they play 8 plays number 1, 27, 36, 45, the first round match-up in the playoffs. The format is the best out of 5, the first team to win 3 games win the series. They do that on both conferences. The 2nd round in the playoffs is the best of 7 series. The 1st team to win 4 games in that series wins that series, then they play in the conference finals. Thats also a best of- 7 series and then the 2 best teams from Eastern and Western, will play in the NBA final. 3. Playoff季后赛After the NBA season concludes in April, a total of 16 teams qualify for the playoffs(eight teams from each conference). In each conference the two division winners are guaranteed a playoff spot. The remaining playoff sports in each conference are awarded on the basis of win-loss records to the six next-best teams regardless of division. The playoffs start with the teams with better records playing the teams with worse records in a best-of-five series, in which the winner is the first team to win three games, in subsequent rounds best-of-seven series are played, with the first team to earn four victories winning the round. The playoffs continue in this elimination scheme until a conference champion is crowned. The champions from the Eastern and Western conferences, then meet in a best-of-seven series to determine the NBA champion.4. Larry OBrien Championship Trophy 总冠军奖杯The Larry OBrien Championship Trophy, hand-crafted in sterling silver with a 24 karat gold overlay, was designed and manufactured by Tiffany& Co. The trophy, comprised of nearly sixteen pounds of sterling silver and vermeil (sterling silver with 24 karat gold overlay) and standing about two feet tall, is etched to resemble a basketball net. A single rod extends from the base to the ball, giving the appearance of a play in motion. The regulation size sterling silver and vermeil basketball rests along the rim of the net. The trophy is created each year in the Tiffany & Co. Silver Shop. The NBA Championship Trophy was created in 1978 for the National Basketball Association and renamed in 1984 in honor of the late former NBA Commissioner Larry OBrien. Larry O Brien was commissioner of the league from 1975 to 1984 and was inducted into the basketball Hall of Game in May 1991.5. NBA teams见网页东部联盟EASTERN 大西洋赛区（Atlantic） ：76人、尼克斯、网队、凯尔特人、猛龙 中部赛区（central） ：活塞、步行者、骑士、雄鹿、公牛 东南部赛区（southeast） ：热队、魔术、奇才、鹰队、山猫 西部联盟WESTERN ： 西北赛区Northwest ：森林狼、掘金、爵士、开拓者、超音速 太平洋赛区Pacific：国王、湖人、太阳、勇士、快船 西南部赛区southwest：马刺、火箭、小牛、灰熊、黄蜂菲尼克斯太阳（Phoenix Suns）： PHO 圣安东尼奥马刺（San