小学数学六年级上册教材分析与建议.doc

小学数学六年级上册教材分析与建议 一、教材分析：数与代数领域：方程的意义与解方程在五年级学生已经接触，不过那时学生只会解决一步计算的实际问题。本册教科书主要让学生学习形如ab=c、ab=c、ab=c的方程。有关分数的计算是本册教科书的重点内容之一，主要安排了“分数乘法”、“分数除法”、“分数四则混合运算”这三个单元。通过教学，使学生掌握分数乘法的计算方法以及分数四则混合运算的运算顺序，并形成相应的计算技能，并为以后学习打好基础。在“分数除法”这一单元中教科书还教学认识比，让学生在初步理解比的意义和基本性质的基础上，学习“求比值”、“化简比”，并学习解答按比例分配的实际问题，引导学生沟通比与分数、除法的关系，体会数学知识和方法的内在联系，提高灵活运用所学知识解决问题的意识。学完分数四则运算后，教科书安排了“认识百分数”让学生联系现实情境，体会百分数与分数的联系和区别，感受用百分数描述有关生活现象和现实问题的独特价值，初步学会用百分来表达和交流信息，进一步增强数感、拓宽用数学知识、方法解决实际问题的能力。此外，教科书还“解决问题策略”单元安排了用“替换和假设”的策略解决简单实际问题的教学，以此增强学生的解决问题的策略意识，增强学生对数学学习的兴趣。空间与图形领域：主要教学长方体和正方体的认识、体积的意义、体积单位、长方体和正方体体积、表面积的计算。通过以上内容的学习，使学生进一步加深对立体图形的认识，并以后学习圆柱、圆锥等其它立体图形打下基础。同时也能使学生初步体会测量和计算简单几何体积和表面积的基础方法，并为进一步探索其它几何体和物体的体积和表面积的计算提供策略支持。统计与概率领域：主要教学用分数表示各单位简单事件发生的可能性，学习根据事件发生的可能性大小的要求来设计相应的活动方案。通过教学，不仅能使学生加深对可能性大小的认识，提高把实际问题抽象成数学问题的能力，而且能使学生增强用数描述日常生活现象的意识，进而发展学生的数感。实践与综合应用领域：本册教教书共安排了3次活动，即表面积的变化，大树有多高、算出它们的普及率。另外，教材里还编写了11道思考题、5篇“你知道吗？”。二、教学建议：1、注意选择学生熟悉的并含有特定数学内容的素材，帮助学生理解相关的数学知识和方法。如通过西安大雁塔高度与小雁塔高度、北京颐和园水面面积与陆地面积的比较，引导学生分析数量之间的相等关系，列出方程解决其中的问题；学习长方体、正方体的表面积计算方法时，让学生计算饼干盒侧面的商标纸和做一个影集封套所需硬纸的面积，帮助学生学会灵活用表面积的计算方法；认识比时，让学生计算三角尺上30度所对的边与斜边长度的比，计算每组中两个正方形边长的比和面积比，即巩固求求比值和化简化的方法，又启迪学生感受蕴含其中的数学规律。2、根据不同数学内容以及学生的已有知识经验，精心为学生设计探索和理解数学知识、方法的活动线索。如教学分数乘分数时，先让学生根据直观图形初步体会两个分数相乘的积与这两个分数的分子、分母的关系，再让学生通过进一步的操作验证上述发现，最后通过组织对几道乘法及其相应的乘积的观察，比较、归纳分数乘分数的方法。又如，教学百分数与小数的互化时，先创设情境让学生比较一个小数与一个百分数的大小，启动学生把小数化成百分数或把百分数化成小数，以解决上述比较大小的问题。在此基础上，进一步引导学生关注百分数与小数的互化，并在尝试练习和观察比较中理解、掌握方法。3、采取有效措施，促进学生形成必要的计算技能。计算、特别是分数计算是本册教科书的重点内容。教学这部分内容时，一方面要引导学生探索并理解基本的计算方法，另一方面也需要通过相应的练习，以帮助学生形成必要的计算技能，为此，在教学时要注意将计算与解决简单实际问题结合，让学生在解决问题的过程中感受相关计算的应用价值，巩固对计算方法的理解。同时在练习设计上要注意形式的多样化与层次化，以激发学生练习计算的兴趣，启发学生在计算练习中不断产生亲折数学思考，并逐步形成相应的计算技能。4、在整个教学中，要注意不同数学内容的有机融合与综合运用。如教学长方体和正方体的体积计算，可以结合前面的方程知识，要求学生列方程解答已知长方体的体积和长、宽，求长方体高的实际问题；教学分数除法后，让学生列方程解答与分数除法相关的简单实际问题。这样有助于学生更加透彻把握方程思想，不断提高列方程解决问题的能力。最后，还要注意利用练习后面的“思考题”，发展学生的思维空间三、教学进度安排建议表：周次教学内容备注19月3日开学2方程（5）3方程（4）机动（1）4长方体和正方体（5）5长方体和正方体（5）6机动（2）国庆放假3天7长方体和正方体（4）机动（1）8分数乘法（5）9分数乘法（5）10机动（2）分数除法（3）11分数除法（3）机动（2）12分数除法（2）机动（3）13认识比（5）14认识比（1）机动（1）分数四则混合运算（3）15分数四则混合运算（4）机动（1）16机动（2）解决问题的策略（3）17机动（3）可能性（2）18认识百分数（4）元旦放假1天19认识百分数（5）20机动（2）整理与复习（3）21整理与复习（5）22期末复习与期末考试（5）Class: Name: ( )1. Good morning! !A.Morning ! B.Hello ! C.Hi !( )2. Nice to see you again ! .A.How are you ? B.Nice to see you , too . C.How do you do ?( )3.Good night,mom ! A.Night ! B.Good night ! C.Good evening .( )4.How do you do ? A.How are you ? B.Fine,thanks . C.How do you do ?( )5.How many story books do you have ? A.I have 10. B.I can see 10. C.Thirty yuan.( )6.Do you have new teachers? A.Yes,we do . B.Yes,we dont. C.Yes,we have .( )7.Whos your art teacher ? A.Mr Zhu. B.Miss Zhu. C.Hes tall.( )8.Whats he like? A.Hes tall and strong . B.Yes,he is. C.Mr Zhu.( )9.Is your English teacher young? A.No,she isnt. B.Yes,she is . C.No,she is.( )10. ? Her name is Chen Jie.A.Whats your name ? B.Whats she name ? C.Whats her name ?( )11. ? I like Chinese,math and English.A.What classes do you like? B.What do you like? C.What are you like ?( )12. ? We have English and P.E.A.What do you have on Mondays ? B.What do you have ?C.What do you have on Monday?( )13. ? Its Monday.A.What is it today ? B.What day is it today ? C.What day is today ?( )14. ? I watch TV and do my homework.A.What do you do ? B.What do you do in Mondays? C.What do you do on Sundays ?( )15.May I have a look ? A.Sure.Here you are . B.Look ! C.Here you are .( )16.Our math teacher is Canada.A.from B.in C.at ( )17.I three new teachers.A.has B.am C.have( )18.Whats Chinese teacher like ?A.you B.your C.youre( )19.My P.E.teacher is thin.A.too B.so C.very ( )20.There are days in a week.A.six B.seven C.eight ( )21.There are month(月)in a year(年).A.ten B.eleven C.twelve( )22.I often watch TV Saturday .A.on B.in C.at ( )23.I like P.E. I dont lime music.A.but B.and C.so( )24.This is apple. It is red apple.A.a , a B.an,an C.an, a( )25.What do you like ?A.classes B.class C.classs六年级英语测试题Class: Name: ( )1. How are you ? A.Fine,thanks. B.Yes,it is. C.How are you ?( )2. Nice to meet you ! A.Fine,thank you. B.OK. C.Nice to meet you ,too !( )3. How do you go to school ? A.I go to Canada by plane. B.I go to school by bike. C.What about you ?( )4. How do you go to the USA ? A.I usually go to school by bus. B.I go to England by ship. C.I go by plane.( )5. ? My home is near the post office.A. Where is your home ? B.OK. C.See you then!( )6. See you at 2 oclock. A.See you then ! B.The fifth floor. C.Its easy.( )7. ? You can go by the No.15 bus.A.Its not far. B. How can I get to Zhongshan Park ? C.Sure.( )8. Where is the hospital? A.Next to the cinema. B.Thank you . C.Youre welcome.( )9. Excuse me ,is there a cinema near here ? A.Yes,there is . B.No,its not far. C.Its near the post office.( )10.? ? Its near the post office.A.Yes,there is . B.No,its not far. C. Where is the library? ( )11. ? Its next to the hospital. A. Where is the cinema ,please ? B.Is it far ? C.Go straight.( )12. How can I get to the hospital ? A.Its next to the hospital. B.You can go by the No.201 bus. C.Thank you.( )13.Thank you . A.Thank you . B.OK. C.Youre welcome.( )14. How can I get to the museum? A.Go straight.Then turn left. B.Thank you . C.Its east of the cinema .( )15. Where is the post office ? A.Go straight.Then turn left. B.Thank you . C.Its east of the cinema .( )16. What are you going to do this evening ? A.Im going to the cinema . B.I go to school on foot. C.Yes,it is.( )17. Is it far ? A.No,it is . B.Yes , it is . C.Yes,it isnt.( )18. do you go to school ?A.What B.Where C.How( )19. I go to school bike.A.on B. by C.get( )20. Can I go foot ?A.by B.at C.on( )21.How can I to the post office ?A.near B. get C.for( )22. me.A. Excuse B. How C.next ( )23. birthday to you !A. After B.Happy C.First( )24. The hospital is the left.A. at B.in C.on ( )25. is the bookstore ?A.Where B.How C.When 四年级英语测试题Class: Name: ( )1.Good afternoon ! A.Hello! B.Hi ! C.Afternoon !( )2.Nice to see you again ! A.How are you ? B.Hello ! C.Nice to see you , too.( )3.Good night,moom ! A.Good evening ! B.Good night ! C.Night !( )4.How are you ? A.Fine,thank you . B.I am 10. C.Nine .( )5.How do you do ? A.Fine ,Thank you . B.How are you ? C.How do you do ?( )6.How old are you ? A.How are you ? B.I am 11. C.I have 11.( )7. ? I have 23.A.How many books do you have ? B.How many books can you see?C.How many book do you have ?( )8. ? I can see 6.A.How many lights do you have ? B.How many lights can you see ?C.How many light can you see ?( )9.May I have a look ? A.Sure.Here you are . B.Look! C.Sure.Here are you .( )10. ? 50 yuan. A.How much is this schoolbag ? B.How many is this schoolbag ?C.How much are this schoolbag ?( )11.Wheres my seat ? A.Its near the door. B.Its on the door. C.Its under the door.( )12.Lets clean the desks and chairs. A.All right ! B.Hello ! C.Its nice .( )13.Whats this ? A.There is a board . B.Its a bee. C.Its bee.( )14. ? My name is Mike.A.Here are you ? B.Whats your name ? C.How do you do ?( )15.Whos the inventor of paper ? A.Chinese people. B.Oh! Great ! C.Hello!( )16.I a student. You a teacher.A.am ,am B.are, are C.am, are ( )17.This a boy.His name Zhang Peng.A.is, is B.am , is C.is , are ( )18.Let clean the fish bowl.A.I B. me C.my ( )19.This is apple.It is red apple .A.an ,an B.a, a C.an, a( )20.We a new classroom.A.are B.have C.has( )21.There a bee in our classroom.A. is B.are C.am( )22. have a new scho