肿瘤科整理.doc

一、病名诊断（一）按部位分乳腺癌Breast carcinoma，肺癌lung carcinoma肝癌liver carcinoma鼻咽癌nasopharyngeal carcinoma宫颈癌cervical carcinoma卵巢癌ovarian carcinoma卵巢囊肿ovarian cysts食道癌esophagus carcinoma胃癌stomach carcinoma骨肿瘤osteo-tumor松果体肿瘤pineal tumor畸胎瘤teratoma直肠癌rectal carcinoma大肠癌large-intestine-carcinoma结肠癌colon carcinoma肾癌nephro-carcinoma膀胱癌bladder carcinoma胰腺癌pancreatic carcinoma淋巴癌lymphoma白血病leukemia甲状腺瘤thyroid tumor垂体腺瘤pituitary adenoma血管瘤hemangioma黑色素瘤melanoma脑肿瘤cerebral tumors前列腺癌prostate carcinoma成视网膜细胞瘤retinoblastoma胸膜间皮瘤pleural mesothelioma子宫内膜癌Endometrial carcinoma神经纤维瘤 neurofibroma恶性周边神经鞘肿瘤malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor/ malignant schwannoma renaleel肾细胞癌seminoma多发骨髓瘤睾丸瘤multiple Testicular tumor精细胞瘤Myeloma（二）按组织病理学类型分Adenocarcinoma腺癌Adenoma腺瘤Astrocytoma星形细胞瘤Atheroma粉瘤 / 动脉粥瘤Cachexia恶病质Carcinoma癌Carcinoma, adenosquamous腺鳞癌Carcinoma, basal cell基底细胞癌Carcinoma, embryonal胚胎癌Carcinoma, epidermoid表皮样癌Carcinoma, squamous cell鳞状细胞癌Carcinoma, transitional cell过渡上皮细胞癌Blastoma母细胞瘤Chondroblastoma软骨母细胞瘤Chondroma软骨瘤Chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤Choriocarcinoma绒毛膜癌Embryonal sarcoma胚胎肉瘤Endothelioma内皮细胞瘤Erythema红斑Fibroma纤维瘤Fibromyoma纤维肌瘤Fibrosarcoma纤维肉瘤Glioblastoma 神经胶母细胞瘤Haemangioendothelioma血管内皮瘤Haemangioma血管瘤Haemangiosarcoma血管肉瘤Hyperplasia增殖过盛Hysteromyomas子宫平滑肌瘤leiomyoma平滑肌瘤leiomyosarcoma 平滑肌肉瘤Irradiation sickness辐射病Leiomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤Leukaemia白血病Lipoma脂肪瘤 mucinous cystadenoma 粘液性囊腺瘤Liposarcoma脂肪肉瘤Lymphangioendothelioma淋巴管内皮瘤Lymphangioma淋巴管瘤Lymphangiosarcoma淋巴管肉瘤Lymphoma淋巴瘤Lymphosarcoma淋巴肉瘤Melanoma黑色素瘤Meningioma脑脊膜瘤Myeloma骨髓瘤Myxosarcoma黏液肉瘤Neoplasm / Tumour肿(赘)瘤Nephroblastoma / Wilms tumour肾胚细胞瘤 / 威耳姆氏瘤Neuroblastoma神经母细胞瘤Neurofibroma神经纤维瘤Neurofibrosarcoma神经纤维肉瘤Neurogenic sarcoma神经性肉瘤Neuroglioma神经胶质瘤Neuroma神经瘤Oligodendroglioma少突胶质细胞瘤Osteogenic sarcoma骨性肉瘤Osteoma骨瘤Osteosarcoma骨肉瘤Reticulum cell sarcoma网状细胞肉瘤Rhabdomyosarcoma横纹肌肉瘤Sarcoma肉瘤Spongioblastoma成胶质细胞瘤follicular adenocarcinoma 滤泡腺癌Tumour肿瘤Tumour, benign 良性肿瘤Tumour, Ewings尤汶氏瘤Tumour, malignant恶性肿瘤二、症状，鉴别诊断与检查symptoms, differential diagnosis and inspection早期症状Early symptoms硬结induration硬变Sclerosis黑痣mole持续消化不良persistentindigestion嘶哑hoarseness干咳dry cough吞咽困难swallowing difficulties月经不调irregular periods不明原因出血unexplained bleeding伤口、溃疡迁延不愈deferred ulcer and wound包块mass进行性体重减轻progressiveemaciation鼻塞、单侧头痛或伴有复，排便习惯性状改变nasal obstruction, unilateral accompanied by headache or rehabilitation, change in bowel habits traits毛发脱落hair loss类白血病反应leukemoid reaction 恶性组织细胞增生症malignant histiocytosis凝溶蛋白试验Bence Jones testBiopsy活组织检验Biopsy, aspiration (needle)针吸式活组织检验Biopsy, excisional割除性活组织检验Biopsy, incisional切开式活组织检验Biopsy, punch钳取式活组织检验Body scan全身扫描Brachytherapy近距疗法Cancer prevention肿瘤预防Cancer survey肿瘤普查Carcino-embryonic antige癌胚抗原Cesium铯Cobalt钴Counter, scintillation闪光计算器Counter, whole body全身性计算器Curie居里Cytology细胞检验 / 细胞学External irradiation体外放射 Filling defect充盈缺损 Film badge感光胶片徽章 Fluororadiography萤光摄影 Frozen section冷冻切片检验 Gold金 Half life半衰期平扫Scan 增强平扫EnhancedScan 胸部穿刺ChestPunctureScan 轴扫胸部穿刺AxialChestPuntureScan 腹部穿刺AbdomenPunctureScan 轴扫腹部穿刺AxialAbdomenPunctureScan血管造影Angiography 三维成像3DFacialScan 动态增强DynamicEnhancedScan 胰胆管造影MRCP 尿路造影MRU 双斜位DualOblique 正位AP正侧位AP&LAT 侧位LAT 三、相关生理病理词汇Vocabulary related to physiological and pathological转移metastasis化生 metaplasia 增生hyperplasia 增殖proliferation恶病质Cachexiamild中度分化moderately differentiated 未分化undifferentiated 变性，溃变degeneration 空洞cavity 包围encapsulation 侵蚀erosion 浸润infiltration炎性息肉inflammatory polyp 骨髓抑制Marrow depression 潜伏性Latent 直接蔓延direct extension 癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen; CEA 血行转移hematogenous metastasis histopathological grading组织病理分化Dysplasia异生fetoprotein; AFP胎蛋白poorly differentiated分化不良metastasi远处转移Microinvasive carcinoma微侵袭癌mild dysplasia轻度异生severe dysplasia重度异生moderate dysplasia中度异生moderately differentiated中度分化amyloid degeneration 淀粉样变性apoptosis 程序性细胞死亡,凋落,凋亡atheroma 粥肿atypia 异型性carcinoid 类癌cachexia 恶病质恶液质carnification 肉质变endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿epithelioid cell 类上皮细胞oncogene 癌基因，原癌基因organization 机化papilloma 乳头状瘤primary complex 原发综合征Anti-oxidant抗氧化剂tumor marker肿瘤标记嗜酸粒细胞嗜碱粒细胞中性粒细胞钙化Calcification凹陷中央型弥漫性四、治疗护理，并发症，预后Treatment，attendance, complications, prognosis放疗radiotherapy化学(药物)疗法Chemotherapy手术治疗Surgical treatment肿瘤溶解综合症Tumor lysis syndrome 高尿酸血症Hyperuricemia化疗后感染Infection after chemotherapy颅内压增高Intracranial hypertension脊髓压迫症Spinal cord compression脏器梗阻viscera obstruction恶性腹水Malignant ascites恶性体腔积液Malignant cavity effusion上腔静脉综合症srperior vena cava syndrome，SVCS 预后prognosis 复发recurrence 死亡率Mortality 生存率 Survival rate致残率rate of deformity 临终关怀dying consolation癌症疼痛cancer pain发生率incidence 五、中医相关术语肝肾亏虚deficiency of kidney and liver津液损伤consumption of liquid and fluid气滞血淤Qi stagnation with blood stasis燥结而成dryness accumulation扶正祛邪replenish the vital and dispel the evil痰湿聚结phlegm and dampness accumulation邪毒郁热evil toxin depressing heat脏腑失调disorder of viscera六、常用药物1烷化剂alkylating agent 2抗代谢剂anti-metabolic agent 3抗生素类Antibiotics4植物类 plants 5酶类Enzymes6激素类hormones7维生素类vitamins外企常用的十大英语关键词1、Performance （n.） 人业绩、表现His performance this month has been less than satisfactory.他这个月的业绩不是很令人满意。2、Performance Evaluation 定期的员工个人评定The performance evaluation test is a way of seeing how efficient a workers performance is.定期的员工个人评定是一种考察员工的工作有多高效的手段。3、Challenge （v.） 在外企的英文中它不当“挑战”讲而是“谴责、批评、指责”His poor performance gave rise to the challenge from his boss.他差劲的表现遭到了老板的批评。4、Presentation （n.） 做介绍（一般指打投影仪的那种汇报）His presentation on the Earth Summit proves that we really need to pay more attention to the global environment.他在地球峰会上的报告证实了我们的确要更加关注全球的环境。5、Quota （n.） 员工的（一年或半年的）任务量Have you reached your predicted quota for this quarter？你达到了本季度预期的任务量了吗？6、Solid （n.） 可靠的、稳妥的Their partnership is solid as a