2011年3月公共英语三级试题及答案.docx

SECTION 1 Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)125略 SECTION Use of English(15 minutes) Directions： Read the following textChoose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C，or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 What might the house of the future be like? Grace can tellMore formally known as the Microsoft Home，her hightech devices，along with 26 in design and construction，will change the 27 we think about our homes You enter the house，and Graces 28 ，coming from hidden speakers，passes on your messages；In the kitchen，you set a bag of flour on the intelligently 29 stone counterGrace sees what youre 30，and projects a list of flourbased food on the counter 31 you choose on，Grace repeats instructions tor cookingShe 32 knows whatS in the cupboard The day when your house、viii be like a family member is not that far offThis 33 0f seamless computing，in which technology is everywhere yet nowhere(34 when we want it)，is emphasized in most futurehome thinking Microsoft， 35 ，isnt the only one exploring 36 technology can make our homes more 37 and comfortableAt the Georgia Institute of Technology，scientists are 38 systems that will allow older people to continue living 39So Grandmas home can be intelligently wired to 40 her patterns of wake，sleep and movement；family members would be 4l of any changesvia computer Does spying on Grandma sound 42 ? Director Beth Mynatt says “A good bit of our 43 has been working on how to convey information without 44 privacyWe also dont want tocreate 45 anxietyMaybe she just took a quiet day to read，and the system would have to recognize that”26 Apromotions Bapplications Cpractices Dadvances27 Away Bmanner Cstyle Dscope28Aimage Bfigure Cvoice Dsound29 Adisposed Bshaped Cengineered Dconditioned30 Asaying Bfeeling Csearching Ddoing32ABefore BOnce CSince DUnless32 Aeven Bthus Cyet Donly33Ahope Bpassion Cfaith Dnotion34 Aperhaps Bexcept Cprovided Despecially35 Atherefore Blikewise Chowever Dmoreover36 Ahow Bwhether Cwhat Dwhy37 Afashionable Bcomplicated Cefficient Dattractive38 Adecorating Bdesigning Cdelivering Ddebating39 Aindependently Benthusiastically Ccolorfully Dsatisfactorily40 Areceive Brecognize Crepresent Dreview41 Awarned Brelieved Cadvised Dinformed42 Ainteresting Bboring Cdisturbing Dappealing43 Aanalysis Bresearch Cconcern Dfocus44 Asacrificing Baffecting Cpreventing Dlosing45 Aunusual Bunfortunate Cuncertain DunnecessarySECTION Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)PartADirections： Read the following three textsAnswerthe questions on each text by choosing A，B，CorDMarkyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 Text 1WheneverCatherine Brown， a 37-yearold journalist， and her friends，professionals in their 30s and early 40s，meet at aLondon caf6，their favorite topic ofconversation is relationships：mensreluctance to commit，wo mens independence，andwhen to have children-or，increasingly，whether to have them at all“With the years passing my chances of having a child godown，but I Wont malty anyone just to have achild，”saysBrownTo people like Brown，babiesare great_if the timing is rightButtheyre certainly not essential In much of the world，havingkids is no longer a given“Neverbefore has childlessness beenan understandable decision for women and men in so many societies，” says Frank Hakim at the LondonSchool of EconomicsYoungpeople are extending their childfreeadulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30sor even40s and beyond A growing share are ending up with nochildren at allLifetime childlessness in westernGer-many has hit 30 percent among universityeducated women，and is rapidly rising among lowerclass menInBritain，thenumber of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years The latesttrend of childlessness does not follow historic patternsFor centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women toremain childlessButin the pastchildlessnesswas usually the product of poverty ordisasterof missingmen in times of warToday the decision to haveor not havea child is theresult of a complex combination of factors，includingrelationships，careerOpportunities，lifestyleand economics In some caseschildlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form ofprotestInJapan，supportfor working mothers hardly existsChildcare is expensive，men dont help out，andsome companies strongly discouragemothers from returning to work“In Japan，itscareer or child，”says writer KaoriHaishiIts not justwomen who are deciding against children；according to a re- cent study，Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a childTheir motivations，though，may havemore to do with economic factors 46CatherineBrown and her friends feel that having children is not _ AtotallywiseBahuge problemCarational choiceDabsolutelynecessary47It Can beinferred that，formany women，havingbabies nowadays is _ Aahard commitmentBhelpfulto their careerCessentialfor happinessDanunderstandable decision48In theold days。manywomen remained childless _Aasa quiet form of protestBbecauseof lack of supportCbecauseof unfortunate circumstancesDbecausethey lacked social responsibility49We learnthat childlessness at present _ AaffectsEurope more than it does AsiaBproducesmore benefits than in the pastCismore a womans decision than a mansDismore complex in its cause than that in the past50According to the text，when a Japanese man decides not to have children，he probably feels unable to _ Ahelpwith houseworkBaffordto have a childCbea responsible fatherDbalancework and familyText 2Faced with a missionCritical decision，who would you turn to for advice? Someone you had great confidence in，surelyBut several lines of research show that our instincts about where to mm to for counsel are often not completely correct My research look sat prejudices that affect how people use advice，including why they often blindly follow recommendations from people whoas far as they knoware as knowledgeable as they areIn studies I conducted with Don Moore of Carnegie Mellon University，for example，I found mat people tend to overvalue advice when the problem they readdressing is hard and toundervalue it when the problem iseasy In our experimentssubjects were asked to guess the weight of people in various pictures，some of which werein focus and some of which were unclearFor each picture，subjects guessed twice：the first time without advice and the second time with input from another participantWhen me pictures were in focus，wefound，subjects tended to discount theadvice；apparently，theywere confident in their ability to guesscorrectlyWhen the pictures were unclear，subjectsleaned heavilyon me advice of others and seemed less secure about their initialopinionBecausethey misjudged the value 0f the advice theyreceived-consistently overvaluing orundervaluing it depending on the difficulty of the problemour subjects did not make the best guesses overallThey would have done better if theyd considered the advice equally，and to a moderate degree，on both hard and easy tasks.Another advicerelated prejudice Ive found compels people to overvalue advice that they pay forn one study I conducted，subjects answered different sets of questions about American historyBefore answering some of the questionsThey could get advice on the correct answer from another subject whom they knew was no more expert than they wereIn one version of the experiment，people could get advice for free，while in another version，they paid for itWhen they paid for advice，people tended to have firm belief in it，I suspect，by a combination of sunkcost prejudice and the nearly instinctual belief that cost and quality are linked 51In the face of a missioncritical decision，people tend to _ Atrust their own effortsBrely on research findingsCget affected by others opinionDseek help from the more knowledgable52Research shows that when faced with difficult problems people often _ Adiscount others adviceBoverlook others adviceCdisagree with others adviceDoverrely on others advice53The first experiment tries to prove how objective conditions _ Astrengthen peoples initial opinionBstrengthen peoples self-confidenceCinfluence peoples response to adviceDinfluence peoples guess of weight loss54It can be inferred that people are likely to _ Aundervalue free advice Bovervalue peers adviceCmisinterpretspecialists adviceDmisjudge their instinctual belief55The two experiments mentioned in the text reveal _ Ahowto follow othersadviceBhowto understand othersadviceCwhatcauses people to seek adviceDwhataffects peoples attitude to adviceText 3Top National Health Service(NHS)nurses will be able to earn $40，000 a year without leavingfrontline patient care in a modification to salary structures New“supernurse”grades will be created to enable the best staff to increasetheir salaries without having to move into management desk jobs Currently the most senior NHS nurses can earn a maximum$28，000 a year unless they arewilling to withdraw from the frontline and become administratorsHundredsof experienced and highly-qualified nurses are lost to patient care every yearbecause of this oddityWhile only a few thousand of Britains 332，000 NHS nurses will qualify for the$40，000plussalary，fasttrackpromotion schemes and a simpler grading system will increase the pay of many moreThe government announced that a new simplifiedcareer structure would see just four gradesreplacing the existing sixNurses will begin their careers as healthcare assistants before moving up to registered practitioner grade，followed by senior registered practitioner and ultimately consultant practitionerand a$40，000salary “Nurses are rising to thechallenge of modernisation，”said a government official“These proposals will help them improve their professional role further andprovide a better service to PatientsWe do not think mat in order to be paid more，nurses should have to move intomanagementNurses working at the sharpend of patient care should have a career structure which n0 longer penalises them for wanting to stay there”The NursingStrategy will include proposals to allowmore flexible training courses and Improve opportunities for qualified nurses who have left theprofession to return in part-time rolesThe Royal College of Nursing welcomed the reformsThe top salary level falls into line with figures it hadpresented to ministers56 Hundreds of experienced nurses are lost to patientcare every year because they_Adislikethe nursing jobBaredissatisfied with their payCarereplaced by“super nurses”Dlackfurther training for the profession57The newsystem will mostly benefit those who_Amoveinto managementBworkon a part time basisChaveretired from the nursing jobDhave reached the top of the system58The newcareer structure is different from the existing one in its_ Aqualityof nursesservicesBpossibilityof a job transferCopportunitiesfor promotionDsimplicityof nursesgrades59TheNursing Strategy will be adopted in order to_ Aprovidemore consultation to practitionersBencourageexperienced nurses to work part timeCenablethe most experienced nurses to be paid moreDpromotethe most experienced nurses to management60The RoyalCollege of Nursing _ Aproposedsimilar top salary for nursesBraisedthe management issue to ministersCsuggesteda four-grade system for nursesDputforward the Nursing Strategy to ministersPart BDirections： Read the textstaken from five peoples comments on an article on the issueof global povertyFor questions61 to 65，match the name of each person(61to 65)to one of the statements(A toG)given below Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1 Ankita Agarwal： Your article made me ashamedIvealways thought of myself as not the typical self-absorbedteenager，butI guess l was wrongWhile Isit in my large，warm and cozy housewishingfor the shoes and clothes I see in teenmagazines，there are people in the world wishing for something as simple as clean water.Thank you for reminding me aboutpeople who would be more than happy with what I have Janet Tejada： Whatabout the relationship between population，consumptionand resources?After allpoverty most simply defined，isnot having enough resourcesThesteady growth of the global population,overconsumption of resources by developed nations such as the US，and increasing levels of C0nsumption among the growing middle classin many developing nations ensure that there is ever less of the planetsalready dwindling resources to go around Tadaship Kawabe： Extreme poverty is so tragicSudden natural disasters like an earthquake mobilize alarge number of people and money for a short period of time，while the slow but massive wave of poverty and deathin Africa doesnt attract the worldsattention in the same wayWhen we try to help those affected by disasters and extreme poverty，however，weshouldnt focus on the overwhelmingnumber of the dead but simply try to do something good for othersJane Thomas： The poorshould be trained to organize，set priorities and develop skills and resources to put their owncommunity plans into actionWhat your article proposes is the conventionaltop-downway for doing things：outsidersdetermine the priorities and solutions，thenthrow money at them.To actuallyhelp，we must first develop our ownskills and understandingWe need to find out whatthe poor want and what the root causes of theproblems areWehave to listen to poor people Sanjay Kathe： Concerned and sensible peoples endeavors to reduce poverty inunderdeveloped countries are deserving of high praiseItis sad，however，thatonly a small part of the funds raised for the poor actually l each themThegenerous people who donate money to reduce poverty would be more successful ifthey spent time in the poor nations to check firsthand the use of their funds.Now match the name of each person(61 to65)to the appropriate statement.Note:there are two extra statements Ankita Agarwal62JanetTejada63TadashipKawabe64JaneThomas65SanjayKatheStatementsAWhat we should do is to help the poor help them- selves BI have always been deeply grieved by the tragicdisasters CThe root of poverty lies in the unfairdistribution of resources DThesituation in Africa has been overlooked by the world ETheuse of donated funds should be put under strict control FPeople living in prosperityshould cherish what they have GItsour duty to end global povertySECTION lV Writing(40 minutes)Directions： you should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWERSHEET 2 Part A66 Youve justmoved into a neighborhood where you find the current public transport is inadequate，and soyou want a new bus line opened to solve the problem Write aletter to the bus company， 1)makinga request for a new bus line： 2)statingthe reasons for your request； 3)expressingyour eagerness for solution You should write about 100 wordsDo not sign your own name at the end of your email Use“WangLin”insteadYoudo not need to write the address Part B67Look at the picture below and write an essay of about 120words making reference to the following two points： 1)adescription of the picture； 2)yoursuggestions on how to protect consumersrights THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST参考答案及精析 第一部分听力 125略 第二部分英语知识运用 参考译文 未来的房子可能是什么样子呢?格雷斯能告诉我们答案。这种房子更为正式的名字叫做微软之家，其高科技设备、设计与建筑方面的改进或许会改变我们对于家的设想。 当你进入这个房子时，格雷斯的声音会从一个隐藏着的话筒中传出来，将你的信息传递进去。在厨房里，你将一袋子面粉放在智能设计的石头柜台上时，格雷斯能够看到你正在做什么，他还能将一系列用面粉制作的食品投射在柜台上。你一旦选定一种食品，他就会重复讲述这种食品的制作方法。他甚至知道碗柜里有什么。 在不远的将来，你的房子将像一个家庭成员一般。在关于-未来家庭的设想中，电脑技术天衣无缝的理念备受重视。在这一理念中，电脑技术无处不在，却又恰到好处，不露痕迹(除了我们需要它的时候)。 然而，微软并不是唯一一个探索如何用技术让我们的房子变得更加高效和舒适的公司。在佐治亚理工学院，科学家们正在设计一种能够使老年人独立生活的系统 因此，祖母的智能房子能够识别她睡觉、醒来和运动的形态，并由电脑将她的任何变化及时通知她的家人。 成天监视着祖母是不是听起来非常令人不安啊? 贝丝迈纳特主任说：“我们很大一部分工作就是研究如何既能够传递信息又不会牺牲隐私。我们也不想制造不必要的担忧。也许她只是花上一天时间静静地看书，而电脑系统却不得不对其加以识别。” 26D【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。promotion晋升，宣传；application应用，使用；practice实践，做法，惯例；advance改进，改善。此处意为设计和建筑的改进，所以只有advance符合题意，故选D。 27A【精析】本题考查名词常用搭配。the way后接从句，表示的方式。其他选项没有这种用法。故选A。 28C【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。image形象；figure身材；voice(特指某人的)声音；sound声音(泛指)。由后文的“coming fromhidden speakers”可知此处指格雷斯的声音，故选c。 29C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。dispose处理，处置；shape使成为形状，塑造；engineer设计；condition调节。此处意为“智能设计”，故选C。 30D【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。say说；feel感觉；search搜寻；do做。根据上下文可知，此处意为“看到你正在做什么”。故选D。 31B【精析】本题考查连词词义辨析。before在之前；once一旦；since自从以来；unless如果不，除非。根据上下文可知，此处意为“一旦选定一种食品”，故选B。 32A【精析】本题考查副词词义辨析。even甚至；thus因此；yet然而；only仅仅，只。根据上下文可知，此处意为“甚至知道碗柜里有什么”。故选A。 33D【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。hope希望；passion激情，热爱；faith信念；notion理念。 根据上下文可知，此处意为“电脑技术天衣无 缝的理念”。故选D。 34B【精析】本题考查副词和连词词义辨析。per-haps也许；except除了；provided假如；especially尤其。由上文可知，电脑技术无处不在却又不露痕迹，