连铸结晶器总成(英).doc

结晶器(mould)承接从中间罐注入的钢水并使之按规定断面形状凝固成坚固坯壳的连续铸钢设备。它是连铸机最关键的部件，其结构、材质和性能参数对铸坯质量和铸机生产能力起着决定性作用。开浇时引锭杆头部即是结晶器的活动内底，钢水注入结晶器逐渐冷凝成一定厚度坯壳并被连续拉出，此时，结晶器内壁承受着高温钢水的静压力及与坯壳相对运动的摩擦力等产生的机械应力和热应力的综合作用，其工作条件极为恶劣。为了能获得合格的铸坯，结晶器应满足的基本条件有：(1)具有良好的导热性，以使钢水快速冷凝成形。(2)有良好的耐磨性，以延长结晶器的寿命，减少维修工作量和更换结晶器的时间，提高连铸机的作业率。(3)有足够的刚度，特别在激冷激热、温度梯度大的情况下需有小的变形。(4)结构简单、紧凑，易于制造，拆装方便、调整容易，冷却水路能自行接通、以便于快速更换；自重小，以减小结晶器振动时的惯性力和减少振动装置的驱动功率，并使结晶器振动平稳。Can take from the middle of the molten steel into the required section and shape into a solid billet solidification of continuous casting equipment shells. Continuous casting machine which is the most critical components, its structure, texture and performance parameters on the quality and slab caster plays a decisive role in production capacity. When open pouring dummy bar head mold that is at the end of the activities, of molten steel into the mold gradually condensed into a certain thickness and continuous billet shell out, at this time, mold wall temperature under the static pressure of molten steel and billet shell, such as the relative movement of the friction generated by mechanical stress and thermal stress of the combined effects, the extremely bad working conditions. In order to obtain qualified casting, mold should be to meet the basic conditions are: (1) has a good thermal conductivity to enable rapid condensation forming molten steel. (2) good wear resistance to extend the life of mold to reduce the workload of maintenance and replacement of the time mold and improve the operating rate of continuous casting machine. (3) have sufficient rigidity, especially in the cold shock-induced heat, large temperature gradient would be required under a small deformation. (4) structure is simple, compact, easy to manufacture, easy disassembly, easy adjustment, cooling water can be connected to in order to facilitate the rapid replacement; self-small, to reduce vibration at the time of mold and reduce the vibration of the inertial force of the drive power devices and a smooth mold vibration.分类 按拉坯方向上断面内壁的线型分结晶器的型式有弧形和直形两种；按其总体结构，不论弧形或直形均有套管式和组合式两种。套管式 内壁铜管、内外水套组成的冷却水套和足辊是它的主要构件(图1)。直形或弧形的铜管外面由冷却水套、法兰和密封元件等组成供水、供油系统。为了保证铸坯有规整的外形尺寸，在结晶器底部安装了23组足辊，以利于提高拉速和防止铸坯脱方(见鼓肚与菱变)。Classified according to the casting direction of the wall section sub-linear type mold has two arc-shaped and straight; its overall structure, whether curved or straight shape are two types of casing and modular.Brass pipe wall, composed of both inside and outside the water jacket cooling water jacket and the foot roller is its main components (Figure 1). Straight or curved-shaped brass sets of cooling water from the outside, and sealing flange composed of components such as water supply, fuel supply system. In order to ensure there is regular slab shape size, in the mold is installed at the bottom of Group 2 to 3 foot rollers, in order to improve speed and prevent the slab from side (see bulge with the Link change).图l弧形套管式结晶器1一结晶器罩；2一内水套；3一润滑油盖；4一内壁铜管5一放射源容器；6一盖板；7一外水套；8一进水管；9一回水管；10一接收装置；ll一水环；12一足辊；13一定位销Figure l-type arc-shaped mold casing 1 Cover a mold;2 cover mold in a water jacket; 3 covered a lubricant; 4 a 5 a brass wall containers of radioactive sources; 6 a plate; 7 a set of external water; 8 one inlet; 9 a backwater tube; 10 of a receiver; ll the water ring; 12 a foot roller; 13 of a pin组合式 由宽面及窄面4块复合壁板及外框架组成。多用于板坯连铸、大断面方坯连铸及异型坯连铸。组合结晶器的每块复合壁板又由用螺柱联结的内壁铜板(外侧面铣有冷却水沟)和外壁钢制水箱组成。内壁铜板和外壁间构成冷却水缝，以通水冷却。4块复合壁之间用夹紧机构压紧。为了实现结晶器在线调宽以及形成所要求的倒锥度，在结晶器的窄面壁板的上、下部分别装有4组调整装置。当组装好的结晶器及外框架放到振动台架上时，所有进、出水管自行接通。为了更好地保护结晶器的下口、防止过早过快产生大的磨损，紧挨着结晶器下口装有足辊或保护栅板。足辊或保护栅板与结晶器一起振动。结晶器与二冷第一段(直线段或扇形段)通过振动框架直接对中，便于结晶器与二冷第一段的准确定位。二者形成一个整体，可快速吊运。结构参数和尺寸设计 结晶器的结构参数主要有断面尺寸、倒锥度、长度、水缝面积及铜壁的厚度等。Combined by the wide face and narrow face wall, and four outside the framework of composite components. Used for slab continuous casting, the billet cross-section beam blank continuous casting and continuous casting. Combination of each mold compound wall and connected by a stud wall with copper (cool-down outer side of milling ditch) and the outer wall composed of steel water tanks. Copper and the outer wall of cooling water constitute intramural suture to the cooling water. 4 composite wall pressed between the clamping body. In order to achieve crystal-line-width-modulated, as well as the formation of the required taper down in the narrow mold of the board facing the wall, respectively, with the lower part of the adjustment device 4. When the assembled mold and placed outside the framework of the vibration bench, all import and outlet pipe to connect. In order to better protect the mouth of the mold to prevent the premature excessive wear and tear have a big, close to the mouth of the mold with adequate grid roller or protection. Roller or the protection of adequate grid plate and mold together with the vibration. Mold in the first paragraph with the secondary cooling (fan-shaped line segment or above) directly through the vibration of the framework to facilitate mold and cold in the first paragraph of the second positioning accuracy. They form a whole, can be quickly lifted.Design parameters and size structure of crystal structure parameters are mainly cross-section size, inverted taper, length, area of water and copper seam thickness of the walls.图2板坯组合式结晶器1窄面调整机构；2一窄面铜板3一外框架；4一水管；5一宽面调整机构；6一宽面铜板；7、8一足辊Figure 2 mold composite slab 1 adjustment of narrow body; 2, a narrow face of a copper outside the framework) 3; 4, a water pipe; 5-wide adjustment of institutions; 6-wide copper surface; 7,8 a full roll断面尺寸 依据冷态铸坯的公称尺寸确定。要获得冷态下的铸坯公称尺寸，在设计结晶器时，必须考虑铸坯的冷凝收缩和拉矫时铸坯的变形。因此，结晶器的断面尺寸应比铸坯冷态的断面公称尺寸大，通常要大出13，且下口尺寸要小于上口尺寸，形成了倒锥度。Cross-section size of the basis of cold slab to determine the nominal size. To obtain cold slab under the nominal size, mold design, consideration must be given the condensed slab contraction and straightening of the deformation when the slab. Therefore, the cross-section size of mold should be cold slab than the nominal size of the section, and usually larger 1% 3%, and population size under the size to less than catchy, forming a back taper.倒锥度 依据铸坯的冷凝收缩来确定。铸坯在浇铸过程中冷凝收缩，进而有可能与结晶器内壁脱离而产生气隙。气隙有大的热阻，使结晶器的导热性能变差，铸坯坯壳减薄，甚至造成拉裂漏钢。为了防止拉漏，就将结晶器制成下口尺寸小于上口尺寸的倒锥形，以减小内壁与坯壳间的气隙，增大结晶器的导热能力。使出结晶器时的坯壳厚度增大，并可提高拉坯速度。依据铸坯断面尺寸、钢种等因素，结晶器的倒锥度通常取值为(0413)m，对套管式小断面结晶器，其倒锥度取值在(0409)m；对板坯的组合式结晶器，其宽面多采用平行或仅有很小的倒锥度，而窄面的倒锥度取值在(0913)m。为了适应铸坯在结晶器内上、下各处有不同的收缩率，进一步减小气隙和提高拉速，小方坯结晶器制成多段不同倒锥度或抛物线形的倒锥度。Taper down the basis of the slab to determine the contraction of the condensate. Slab casting process of condensation in the contract, then there may be mold wall arising from the air gap. There are large air-gap thermal resistance, so that the thermal properties of mold deterioration, slab billet shell thinning and even rupture Breakout. In order to prevent the gap leakage, mold will be made smaller than the size of the mouth of the inverted cone size catchy, and the blank wall to reduce the air gap between the shell and increase the thermal capacity mold. When using the blank mold shell thickness increases, and increase casting speed. Based on the slab cross-section size, steel and other factors, the inverted mold is usually taper value for (0.4 1.3)% / m, small cross-section of the casing mold, which taper down in value (0 .4 0.9)% / m; the combination of slab mold, and its wide use of parallel or face only a very small taper down, and down narrow side conicity value in (0.9 1 .3)% / m. In order to adapt to the slab in the mold with the upper and lower throughout the different shrinkage rate, and further reduce the air gap and improve the speed, billet mold was made of different multi-taper or parabolic-shaped taper down.长度 结晶器长度的确定受多种因素影响，但主要是取决于铸坯出结晶器时的坯壳厚度。为防止拉漏，一般坯壳厚度不小于1015mm(与铸坯断面大小有关)。坯壳过薄会造成铸坯鼓肚、脱方、内裂以致漏钢。为了增大连铸机的生产能力，就势必要提高拉速。为在高拉速下保证坯壳的足够厚度，增加结晶器的长度是方法之一。但结晶器长度增加，又带来坯壳与内壁间摩擦阻力的增大和气隙的增大，使导热性变差。综合考虑多种因素，结晶器长度(mm)可按下式选取：The length of mold to determine the length of the influence of various factors, but mainly depends on the casting mold at the time of the billet shell thickness. In order to prevent leakage gap, general billet shell thickness is not less than 10 15mm (with the size of the slab cross-section). Blank shell would cause too thin slab bulge, off side, resulting in leakage of steel in cracked. In order to increase the productive capacity of continuous casting machine, it is bound to raise the speed. High Speed in the blanks under the guarantee of sufficient thickness of the shell to increase the length of mold is one of the methods. However, increasing the length of mold, but also bring blank wall between the shell and the increased frictional resistance and the increased air-gap, so that deterioration of thermal conductivity. Considering various factors, mold length (mm) can be selected by pressing style:式中v为拉速，mmin；为允许的最小坯壳厚，mm；K为铸坯的凝固系数(mmmim1/2。)。K主要取决于冷却条件、断面尺寸、钢水温度和钢种。一般K=2024mmmin1/2；式中的(80120)是考虑液面波动而在结晶器上口与液面间留的裕量。生产实践中，结晶器的长度在7001000mm间选取。Where v is speed, m / min; blank to allow the minimum shell thickness, mm; K factor for the solidification of the slab (mm/mim1/2.). K depends mainly on the cooling conditions, cross-section size, temperature and molten steel. General K = 20 24mm/min1/2; type of (80 120) is to consider the fluctuation of liquid level in the mold surface catchy and the margin between the left. Production practice, the length of mold in between the select 700 1000mm.水缝面积的确定 钢水铸入结晶器，冷凝成形结成坯壳，将放出大量的热。这些热量主要由冷却水带走。为使冷却水尽可能多地带走热量，结晶器应有合理的水缝。结晶器的水缝面积可按下式确定：Seam area to determine water cast molten steel into the mold, condensation forming shell blank form, the evolution of considerable heat. These heat removed by cooling water. To enable cooling water to remove heat as much as possible, there should be reasonable mold seam water. Water mold seam area can be determined as follows:式中Qw为结晶器单位周边长的耗水量，m3hm；Lw为结晶器的周边长m；Vw为水缝内水的流速，ms。根据经验、结晶器内的耗水量Qw=100160m3hm。水缝中冷却水流速Vw=610ms。进水压力Pw=029059MPa。耗水量随断面尺寸不同而变，小断面铸坯取上限，大断面铸坯取下限。铜壁厚度结晶器内壁厚度的确定主要考虑其使用寿命和强度。对套管式结晶器，壁厚通常取610mm；对组合式结晶器，因考虑要多次刨修加工，壁厚取为2050mm，最终厚度不小于10mm。Where Qw for the mold units of water consumption around the long, m3 / h m; Lw mold around for a long m; Vw joints for water at a flow rate of water, m / s. According to the experience of mold within the water consumption Qw = 100 160m3 / h m.缝中cooling water flow rate of water Vw = 6 10m / s. Water pressure Pw = 0.29 0.59MPa. Water consumption varies with the size of variable cross-section, small section from the ceiling slab, the slab cross-section from the lower limit. Copper mold wall thickness of the main considerations to determine its life and strength. Mold on the pipe wall thickness is usually from 6 10mm; of modular mold, due to consider amendments to the processing plane several times, check for wall thickness 20 50mm, the final thickness of not less than 10mm.材质 为保证结晶器有良好导热性、足够的抗磨损性、机械强度和硬度以延长其使用寿命，内壁材质主要使用铜基合金制造，常用的有紫铜、铜银合金(含银量为00701)、磷脱氧铜及铜铍合金、铬锆铜合金等。使用铜基合金主要目的是提高其再结晶温度，以改善其高温时的硬度和强度、延长内壁的使用寿命。为了进一步提高内壁的耐磨性和光滑程度减少拉坯阻力，有的还在铜壁表面加镀层。通常为镀铬或镀镍、钨、铁及分三层镀镍、镍磷合金及铬。Mold material in order to ensure a good thermal conductivity, sufficient abrasion resistance, mechanical strength and hardness to extend its service life, the main wall material the use of copper-based alloy, commonly used are copper, copper silver alloy (including the Bank of 0. 07% 0.1%), phosphorus deoxidized copper and beryllium copper alloys, chromium zirconium copper alloy. The main purpose of th