表语从句.doc

表语从句（一）表语从句的定义：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,表语从句是名词性从句的一种。表语从句位于连系动词后,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。1. The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。2. Thats just what I want.那正是我想要的。3. This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。4. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。5. It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。（二）表语从句的基本结构 主语+ 连系动词+ 关联词+ 表语从句。（三）表语从句的种类 根据关联词来区分,表语从句大致可以分为五种:一、由that引导的表语从句The trouble is that he misunderstood me.麻烦的是他误解了我。有时,引导表语从句的连词that可以省略,例如:The truth is (that) I didnt finish my term essay. 事实是我没有写完学期论文。二、由连接代(副)词引导的表语从句连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever；连接副词where, when, how, why。The problem is who we can get to carry out the operation.问题是我们能找谁去完成这个手术。That was what she said this morning in her bedroom.那就是她今天早晨在卧室中说的。三、由关系代词型的what引导的从句I want to be a teacher. Thats what I want to be.我想当老师,那是我的志愿。Times arent what they were.时代不同了。Your mothers health is not what it used to be.你母亲的身体已大不如前了。Thats what we are here for.那正是我们来这里的目的。四、关联词是连词because试比较下面这两个句子:I was angry. That was because he didnt understand me.我生气是因为他不理解我。(表语从句强调原因)Thats why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表语从句强调结果)注意:reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because,例如:The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.他迟到的原因是他只差一分钟没有赶上今天早晨的火车。That is why .是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。下面我们来看两个与That is why .形式相似的结构以及它们与That is why .之间的关系:1. That is the reason why .That is the reason why .与That is why .是同义的,但是从语法结构上讲,That is the reason why .中的why引导的是一个定语从句,将其中的the reason去掉后则与That is why .结构一样了,例如:That is (the reason) why I cannot attend the meeting. 那就是我不能参加会议的原因。2. That is because .That is because .也是一个常用句型。That is because .句型中,连词because引导的从句作表语,That is because .与That is why .之间的不同在于That is because .指原因或理由,That is why .则指由于各种原因造成的结果,例如:He did not read Harry Potter last night. That is because he had to help his mother to do the housework. 昨天晚上他没有读哈里波特,那是因为他得帮助他妈妈做家务。(That is because .强调原因)He had read Harry Potter before. That is why he did not read it last night.他以前曾读过哈里波特,因此他昨天晚上没有读。(That is why.强调结果)五、关联词是从属连词whether, as, as ifThe question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.问题是我们能否赢得大多数民众的支持。She carried her age extremely well. She looked just as she had looked ten years before.她一点也不显老,看起来还与十年前一样。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the window.听起来好像有人在敲窗户。（四）表语从句中需要注意的地方:1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序；2. 不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)；3. 与宾语从句不同,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。（五）习题 从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。1. The traditional view is _ we need sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so.A) when B) why C) that D) whether2. The reason I did not go to America was _ I got a new and wonderful job. A) that B) because of C) due to D) because 3. John is not _ he was thought to be. A) who B) that C) how D) which 4. _ they couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer audience showed interest in their movies. A) What; why B) That; what C) What; because D) Why; that5. You are saying that his novel is boring and meaningless, and this is _ I disagree. A) where B) why C) what D) how6. _ made the university famous was _ some of the professors are Nobel Prize winners.A) What; because B) That; because C) That; what D) What; that7. To tell you the truth, yesterdays movie is _.A) what makes me feel depressed B) whatever I feel depressed aboutC) how depressed I feel about it D) that I feel depressed8. Please go and get your book; Im certain that its _ you put it just now.A) there B) where there C) there where D) where答案及解析1. C)。句意：传统的观点认为我们需要睡眠是因为我们的大脑被设定了“程序”。解析：空格之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，应该选择可以引导名词性从句并且不充当任何成分的连词that。2. A)。句意：我不去美国的原因是我有了一份很好的新工作。解析：当reason作主语时，其后的表语从句只能用that引导，而不用连词because引导。3. A)。句意：约翰不是人们过去所想的那样子了。解析：根据句意判断空格中需要一个表示人的代词，因此选who。4. A)。句意：他们不明白的是为什么对他们的电影感兴趣的观众越来越少。解析：第一个空格处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，指他们所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what；第二个空格处由why引导表语从句，陈述一件事，此处不是要强调原因，所以不用“because”。5. A)。句意：你说他的小说很枯燥并且没有意义，这正是我不同意之处。解析：空格处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在表语从句中充当地点状语。disagree是不及物动词，后面应该接引导词where，相当于介词+宾语，表语从句where I disagree的意思是“我不同意之处”。6. D)。句意：这个大学出名的原因是这个大学的一些教授是诺贝尔奖得主。解析：第一个空格处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，指使大学出名的事情，应选