2001-10语法笔记.doc

水妖的岛T之天堂 语法笔记 /2001年10月TOEFL语法笔记作者：水镜审委：水妖1. Most geologists believe _ from the remains of tiny marine plants and animals that died millions of years ago.A. what was formed petroleumB. that petroleum was formedC. when petroleum formedD. petroleum that formedkey：B分析：考点是宾语成分。空格前believe作为“相信”是及物动词，后跟名、代词做宾语，或者接宾语从句。答案A，that 引导的宾语从句。(A) 过分formed后面不能直接接宾语, 要接宾语除非有介词引导, 或者除非动词可以接双宾语。(C) 石油应该是被形成的，错。(D) believe作为“相信；信任”应该接人或者从句，但这里不能说是信任石油吧。参考译文：大多数地质学家认为石油是由亿万年前就死亡的微小动植物的残骸形成的。2. The seat of Frances North American holdings in the eighteenth century was Quebec, and the French heritage _ dominant there.A. to remainB. remainingC. by remainingD. has remainedkey：D分析：考点是谓语成分。and 连接两句话，后面一句缺少谓语。(A)(B)(C) 都是非谓语结构， 错。参考译文：十八世纪，魁北克是法国在北美的据点，在那里法国传统占主导地位。3 If Earth did not rotate, differences in air pressure would be _, with winds blowing from high-pressure to low-pressure areas.A. primary air flow to causeB. the primary cause of air flowC. they primarily cause air flowD. air flow has a primary causekey：B分析：考点是表语成分。 would be 后面需要填入表语。答案B，名词短语作表语。(A) 语序错误，中心词成了flow了；(C) they不能修饰名词短语；(D) 这是个句子无法做表语。参考译文：如果地球不自转的话，气压差异将是引起空气流动的主要原因，风从高气压区向低气压区吹。4 A mobile is a sculpture constructed of parts so delicately connected and balanced _ the entire suspended structure may be move by vibration or manual manipulation. A. in orderB. makingC. withD. thatkey：D分析：考点是固定句型。so that句型。主句是a mobile is a sculpture。参考译文：动态雕塑是一种各组成部分精细连接并保持平衡的雕塑，其完全悬挂的结构可以通过外力振动或手动产生动态效果。5 The ice of a glacier that reaches the sea breaks off _ .A. and forming icebergsB. to form icebergsC. icebergs have formedD. when the formation of icebergskey：B分析：考点是动词不定式。主句是the ice breaks off，此句主谓齐全，需填入状语。(A) and前后并列不对称，错；(C) 是句子，无法做状语；(D) 此从句没有谓语，错。参考译文：冰山是由到达海洋的冰川碎裂而成的。6 Migraine headaches are more frequent among women _ among men.A. thanB. howeverC. except forD. as arekey：A分析：考点是固定句型。More than句型。答案A。参考译文：妇女比男人更经常患偏头疼。7 South American flamingos can survive in temperatures _ above the freezing point.A. that fewer degreesB. if few degreesC. only a few degreesD. when fewer degreeskey：C分析：考点是定义从句省略结构。定从which are only a few degrees above the freezing point的省略。答案C。（A）（B）（D）都缺少谓语。参考译文：南美火烈鸟只能在冰点温度以上存活。8 Made of hard wood, the boomerang is roughly V-shaped, with arms _ skewed.A. of slightlyB. are slightlyC. slightlyD. hat those are slightlykey：C分析：考点是独立主格。skewed（歪斜的）是形容词做后置定语，填空处要填修饰skewed的副词。with + sth. + adj.是独立主格结构。（A）介词of后面应该接名词结构；（B）介词短语中不能出现谓语；（D）同上理。参考译文：用硬木做的回飞棒略呈V型，两臂稍斜。9 Not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries _ as a unified science.A. did ecology emergeB. when ecology emergedC. ecology emergedD. when did ecology emergekey：A分析：考点是倒装结构。否定副词提前，主句倒装。Not until + 倒装 。答案A。参考译文：直到十九世纪末，二十世纪初，生态学才作为一个系统的学科出现。10The ancient Egyptian water clock required sophisticated calibration, since water dripped faster from its bowl when _ and the pressure was greater.A. the full bowlB. was the bowl fullC. bowl fullD. the bowl was fullkey：D分析：考点是平行结构。And前后应该是相同成分，后面是句子，前面则也应该是句子。而when引导的是状语从句，空中也应填完整的句子。答案D。（A）（C）不是句子；（B）有谓语，但是语序不对。参考译文：古埃及水钟必须经过精密地校准，这是由于当碗盛满了的时候，压力变得越来越大，水滴得也越来越快。11Enid, Oklahoma, _ a stopping place on the Chisholm Trail in the 1800s, is now the site of the fourth largest wheat storage space in the world.A. originallyB. which originallyC. was originallyD. originally wherekey：A分析：考点是同谓语省略结构。 填空处是定从which was originally a stopping place on the Chisholm Trail in the 1800s的省略。成分是做主语的同谓语。答案A。（B）似定语从句而没有谓语；（C）一个句子有了2个谓语，错；（D）where后面没有句子谓语，无法构成从句。参考译文：伊尼德，位于俄克拉荷马州，十九世纪曾是奇泽姆牛车道上的一站地，现在是世界上第四大小麦贮藏地。12The common barn owl, one of ten species of barn owls found in North American, is also called the monkey-faced owl because its heart-shaped face looks _ of a monkey.A. like much thatB. like that muchC. much like thatD. that much likekey：C分析：考点是固定搭配。look like看起来像一样，much修饰like，所以一般是look much like。that代指face。原句可写为its heart-shaped face looks much like the face of a monkey.（A）（B）（D）语序均不对。参考译文：普通仓鹄，是在北美发现的十种仓鹄（猫头鹰类）之一，因其心形脸像猴子的脸，所以又被称之为猴面鹰。13 The planets in the solar system except Mercury and Venus have natural satellites, _ objects that revolve around the planets.A. whichB. which areC. of whichD. and whichkey：B分析：考点是定语从句。后半句是做satellites的定语，需填入从句引导词与谓语动词。后半句中的that引导定从修饰objects。（A）缺谓语；（C）非限制性定语从句中没有 介词引导词这样的结构；（D）多余了and。参考译文：除了水星和金星，太阳系中的所有行星都有围绕其旋转的天然卫星。14Some subsistence actives such as hunting large animals or netting fish require _ to work together.A. groups areB. groups whichC. groupsD. that groupskey：C分析：考点是宾语成分固定搭配。require 是及物动词，后面必须接宾语。且require sb. to do sth.是固定搭配。参考译文：一些生存性活动，如猎捕大型动物、打鱼，要求群体合作。15The Expressionistic artist was concerned not with the reality of the subject matter but with _ inner nature and the emotions that it aroused.A. it hasB. itsC. what itsD. is it whetherkey：B分析：考点是固定结构平行结构。not but引导两个相同结构，前面是with + sth.，后面也应该是。答案B。参考译文：表现主义画家所关注的不是主题事物的真实性，而是其内在特性及其所激发的人类情感。16By the end of the nineteenth century, organic chemistry had develop new methods for A B Cthe synthesis of dyes, perfumes, explosives, and medicines. Dkey：B分析：考点是动词时态。过去完成时，had + 过去分词。改正：develop developed。参考译文：十九世纪末，已通过有机化学法研制出合成染料、香料、炸药及药物的新方法。17The Dinee, a Native American people of the southwestern United States, were once A Bsemi nomadic hunters who practiced a few agriculture. C Dkey：D分析：考点是名词单复数。agriculture是不可数名词，而few修饰可数名词。people在这里是做民族讲，是可数名词的单数形式。改正：few little。参考译文：Dinee是美国西南部的土著民，他们以前曾是从事少量农业活动的半游牧猎人。18The earliest successful sewing machines were powered by turn a hand crank. A B C Dkey：C分析：考点是动名词用法。by后面接名词或动名词。改正：turn turning。参考译文：最早研制成功的缝纫机是靠转动手柄驱动的。19Early signs characteristic of the acute phase of viral hepatitis in adults are abdominal A B pain, nausea, and feverish often accompanied by chills. C D key：D分析：考点是平行结构。pain, nausea, and feverish中and前后需为相同结构，pain和nausea都是名词，则feverish也应是名词形式。改正：feverish fever。参考译文：成人急性病毒性肝炎的早期症状是腹痛、呕吐、发烧，常伴有风寒。20The Guggenheim Museum in New York City is one of the major center for the A B collection and display of works of abstract art in the United State. C Dkey： A分析：考点是名词单复数。one of + pl. 固定搭配。改正：center centers。参考译文：纽约的古根海姆博物馆是美国收藏展示抽象艺术作品的重要展览中心之一。21With the discovery of gold in the Klondike in Canadas Yukon Territory in 1896, people A Bflocked soon there from all parts of the world. C Dkey：C分析：考点是语序。soon是修饰整个句子的，一般不插在动词与宾语/补语之中。改正：flocked soon soon flocked。参考译文：随着1896年加拿大育空殖民地的克朗代克河地区金矿的发现，很快人们就从世界各地蜂拥而至。22The right side of the brain is mostly concerned with pictorial, intuitive, musically and A B C spatial abilities. Dkey：C分析：考点是平行结构。and连接相同结构，and前后都是形容词，则musically应为形容词形式。改正：musically musical参考译文：人的右半脑主要控制人的绘画、直觉、音乐及空间能力。23A uniform mingling of molecules, which it occurs in homogeneous chemical Acompounds, results from the chemical constituents melting, dissolving, or diffusing into B Cone another. Dkey：A分析：考点是定于从句。which引导定从，which做主语，it与which重复。改正：which it which。参考译文：同类化合物中各分子的均匀混合，可以通过化学成分溶化、分解和浸提而转化成另一成分来实现。24Many dinosaurs were so much heavy that they spent most of their lives in swamps and A B shallow lakes where water could support them. C Dkey：A分析：考点是形容词用法。so much本身是名词性的，不能用来修饰heavy，要用副词修饰heavy。改正：so much so参考译文： 因为身躯过于沉重，很多恐龙不得不在沼泽或浅湖附近度过生命的大部分时光，以便摄取足够的水分。25With little nor no mass and no electric charge, neutrinos can penetrate a solid object A Bsuch as the Earth as if it were not there. C Dkey：A分析：考点是固定搭配。应该是nor or，或者both and，。D的were是虚拟语气。改正：nor both参考译文：因为几乎没有重量，也不带电荷，微中子可以旁若无物地穿透固体物质，如地球。26Georgia OKeeffe is known for hers use of organic, abstract forms painted in clear, A B C strong colors. Dkey：A分析：考点是代词的用法。hers是物主名词，不能修饰后面的名词use，应改为形容词。改正：hers her参考译文：Georgia OKeeffe因其用明亮浓郁的色彩绘画有机而抽象的形态而闻名。27Until the George Washington Bridge was built, modern suspension bridges were A B stiffened with steel trusses and beams to limited their motion in traffic and wind. C Dkey：C分析：考点是动词不定式。to 后面加动词原形。改正：limited limit参考译文：直到乔治华盛顿大桥的建成，现代吊桥才以钢筋骨架加固以避免桥体在交通繁忙或暴风时的晃动。28First reported by Spanish explorers in 1796, the asphalt in Californias La Brea Tar Pit A Bwas mined commercial for many years. C Dkey：C分析：考点是词性的误用。mined是动词，要用副词修饰。改正：commercial commercially。参考译文：西班牙探险者于1796年首次报道的加利福尼亚La Brea Tar Pit进行沥青商业性开采已经很多年了。29Independence political of newspapers became a common feature of journalism in the A B C DUnited States of the 1840s and 1850s.key：A分析：考点是名词用法。 of 前后需是名词性结构。改正：Independence political Political independence。参考译文：十九世纪四五十年代，报纸的政治独立在美国新闻业已司空见惯。30Transistors exhibit a high amplification factor; operate without distorted over a wide A B C frequency range, and can be made extremely small. Dkey：B分析：考点是动名词用法。with / without + noun / 动名词。改正：distorted distorting。参考译文：晶体管具有高度放大性，在很宽的波段内都没有误差，还可以被制作成相当小的器件。31In most cases of epilepsy, cerebral electrical activity, also known as brain waves, A demonstrates a characteristically abnormal rhythms.B C Dkey：D分析：考点是名词单复数。前面有a ，后面要与之相对应，用单数。改正：rhythms rhythm。参考译文：在大多数癫痫病例中，脑电活动，即脑电波，特征性地呈现出异常的周期变化。32New York Citys theatrical district was concentrated the Bowery from 1860 to 1875, A Band around 1900 the avenue became a center for the Yiddish theater. C Dkey：B分析：考点是动词的语态。was concentrated是被动，后面不能直接接宾语，应加入介词。改正：concentrated the concentrated in the参考译文：1860年到1875年间，纽约的剧院区集中在百老汇。到了1900年前后，百老汇成为Yiddish的剧院中心。33Most female lizards lay eggs, but the females of a number of lizard species bear her A B C D young alive.key：D分析：考点是代词的用法。her指代的是the females，所以应该用复数形式的物主代词。改正：her their参考译文：大部分蜥蜴是卵生的，但是许多蜥蜴物种中的雌蜥蜴是生产幼虫的。34Recently archaeologists have strived to develop theories, based on archaeological A Bevident, that explain societal changes such as the development of farming. C Dkey：C分析：考点是词的误用介词的用法。based on + noun，而evident是形容词。that引导的定从修饰theories，所以explain是正确的。改正：evident evidence参考译文：近年来，考古学家一直致力于基于考古发现而提出的理论来解释社会变革，如农业的发展。35 One of the most impressive cultural achievements of the United State during the A B 1920s was a vastly outpouring of serious literature. C Dkey：C分析：考点是副词的误用。outpouring是名词，需用形容词修饰。改正：vastly vast参考译文：二十世纪二十年代，最令人注目的文化成就是严肃文学的广泛流传。36The chemical element chlorine is a corrosive, greenish-yellow gas that has sharp odor A B