必修一Module+4+A+Social+Survey—My+Neighborhood.doc

年级高一学科英语版本外研社版课程标题必修一Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighborhood编稿老师刘立群一校黄楠二校林卉审核刘晓军一、学习目标知识目标：学习本模块的单词、短语和句型。能力目标：熟练认知、使用这些单词、短语和句型，能够用所学语句表达一些对社会情况的调查；在阅读、完形题中能够认知，在书面表达题中能够将其转化成基本的句子。二、重点、难点重点单词attractive, fortunate, sound, bother, approach, exchange, afford, contact重点短语 put up, a nice little fish restaurant, get away from, a number of, go up重点句型1. Its been six years since we last saw each other. 2. And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown. 3. but this is one of the most attractive places Ive been to. 4. The countryside would be a sadder and uglier place without them. 一、重点单词【单词学习】 1. attractive adj. 有吸引力的，吸引人的，迷人的，诱人的【用法】 在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。 【例句】Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她黑色的大眼睛很迷人。【拓展】attract vt. 吸引，引起（注意）attraction n. 吸引力 U，吸引人的事物Cattract ones attention 引起某人的注意attract sb. to + n./ pron. 把某人吸引到have a attraction for sb. 对某人有一种的吸引力have no/a little/much attraction for sb. 对某人没有/有一点/很有吸引力 He shouted to attract our attention. 他高声喊叫以引起我们的注意。The television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没有吸引力。【考题链接】The citys bright lights, theaters, cinemas, etc. are _.A. great attraction B. great attractions C. attracting D. very attracted答案：B解题思路：句意：这个城市明亮的灯光、剧院、影院等都是特别有吸引力的事物。attraction当“吸引力”讲是不可数名词；当“吸引人的事物”讲是可数名词。灯光、剧院、影院等是具体的事物，应为可数名词，所以正确答案是B。 2. fortunate adj. 幸运的，侥幸的【用法】 在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语【例句】I am fortunate to have good health.我很幸运拥有健康的身体。【拓展】be/feel fortunate (in) doing sth. 因为有机会做某事而感到幸运be fortunate to do sth. 幸运地做某事It is fortunate that. 是幸运的fortune n. 机会，运气，财富，钱财make a fortune 发财 seek ones fortune 碰运气，找出路fortunately adv. 幸运地 unfortunately adv. 不幸地I feel fortunate working with you.和你一起工作使我感到幸运。It was fortunate that he was saved by the passing boat. 真幸运，他被恰好驶过的船救起。He didnt know what to do, just sought his fortune. 他并不知道该怎么办，只是碰碰运气。Fortunately, he was admitted into the college.他幸运地被这所大学录取了。【考题链接】_, people are beginning to realize how serious the situation is.A. FortunateB. Fortunately C. Being fortunateD. Being fortunately答案：B解题思路：句意：幸运地是，人们开始逐渐意识到情况的严重性。fortunate形容词，作表语、定语和宾语补足语；fortunately副词，作状语，放在句首修饰整个句子。3. sound link v. 听起来【用法】系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须接表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。后边一般接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。【例句】Your voice sounds beautiful. 你的声音很优美。【拓展】sound+ as though /if 从句表示“听起来似乎”sound like+ n./ pron. 表示“听起来像是”感官动词sound, feel, taste, smell, look, 及表示“变成”的动词 turn, get, become 都可用作系动词，其后常接形容词，名词或介词短语作表语。注意：感官系动词不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。That sounds as if you are not going to take the job. 听起来你不愿接受这份工作。【考题链接】They agreed to the plan which _. A. sounded good one B. is a good one C. sounded good D. is good sounds 答案：C解题思路：句意：他们同意了这个听起来很不错的计划。sound系动词，后接形容词作表语，描述主语的性质，该句中的which代替the plan作定语从句中的主语。 4. bother vt./vi. 费心，尽力；麻烦，打搅【用法】多用于“打扰、麻烦”之意，后直接接被打扰的人。【例句】Im sorry to bother you. 对不起麻烦你了。【拓展】bother sb. with/ about sth. 用某事打搅某人bother to do sth.=be bothered to do sth. 费心做某事；特地做某事bother about sb/sth. 担心某人/某事 have no/ much/little bother (in) doing sth.做某事不费力/很费力/几乎不费力You neednt bother to come to my office. 你不必特地来我办公室。 Dont bother about that trifling matter. 别为那件小事烦恼。 【考题链接】 Im very sorry to have _ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A. interruptedB. excusedC. impressedD. bothered答案：D解题思路：句意：非常抱歉，在这种场合还用这么多问题麻烦你。bother sb. with/ about sth.用某事打搅某人。interrupt打断；excuse打扰（作为借口）；impress给人留下印象 5. approach 【用法】vt. 向靠近；接近；着手处理vi. 接近；靠近；临近n. 接近；靠近；途径；方法(与介词to搭配)【例句】I find her difficult to approach. 我觉得她很难接近。The Middle-Autumn Festival is approaching. 中秋节快到了。This is a new approach to language teaching. 这是一种语言教学的新方法。【辨析】approach, way, method, means 这几个词都意为“方法”approach指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度approach to n./ doing sth.way使用范围很广，但多用在具体的事情上或口语中way to do sth. /of doing sth.method指有条理的、系统的办法，特别指新的办法。method of doing sth.means指实现目的的任何手段，或使用交通工具的方式。means of sth. / by means This money wasnt earned by honest means.这笔钱来路不正。Children should learn the proper method of brushing teeth.孩子们应该学会正确的刷牙方法。What is the best way to make tea/ of making tea? 怎样才是泡茶的最好方法？【考题链接】With winter _, the weather became colder.A. approaches B. approaching C. approachedD. approach答案：B解题思路：句意：随着冬天的临近，天气变得更冷了。approach 动词，“接近，靠近”；句中的with是介词而不是连词，说明这是介词短语，所以不能选A和D（这两项为谓语动词形式），应选择B或C（非谓语动词形式）；又因winter和approach间是主动关系，故正确答案是B。 6. exchange v.& n. 交换，互换【例句】 He often exchanges ideas with other students. 他经常与其他同学交流思想。【拓展】 exchange sth. for sth. 以某物交换某物 exchange sth. with. sb. 和某人交换某物 in exchange for 交换 I will give my book in exchange for your knife. 我愿用我的书交换你的小刀。I agreed to exchange seats with my deskmate. 我同意和同桌换座位。I would like to exchange my pen for your book. 我愿用我的钢笔换你的书。【辨析】exchange 强调相互间的交换，意为“交换”；change强调根本的变化，意为“改变”。We cannot change the past. 我们无法改变过去。【考题链接】I have offered to paint the house _ a weeks accommodation(食宿).A. in exchange for B. with regard to C. by means of D. in place of 答案：A解题思路：句意：我用主动粉刷房子来换取一周的食宿。in exchange for交换；with regard to关于；by means of 依靠；in place of代替。7. afford vt. 负担得起（的费用）；抽得出时间；提供【用法】与 can, could, be able to 等连用，多用于否定句和疑问句，后常接名词、代词或不定式。表示“（为了某目）有足够的钱、时间、地方”等。【例句】We cant afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。【拓展】表示“提供，供给，给予”。常用短语为afford sth. to sb.=afford sb sth. 给某人提供某物Reading affords us pleasure.=Reading affords pleasure to us. 阅读使我们快乐。【考题链接】Who else except millionaire could _ to use such an expensive car?A. pay B. spend C. buy D. afford 答案：D解题思路：句意：除了百万富翁，没有谁能买得起这么贵的汽车。cant afford to do sth. 不能做某事；pay支付；spend花费；buy买，都不能接不定式。8. contact vt. 与（某人）接触 / 联系 n.U接触；传达；交流意见 C有联系；关系；接触；熟人【例句】Where can I contact you tomorrow? 明天我在哪儿能跟你联系？Do you have any contacts here? 你在这里有熟人吗？【拓展】make contact with 和有接触/联系（不能与段时间连用）get in contact with = make contact with 与取得联系（不用与段时间连用）lose contact with 与失去联系（不能与段时间连用）keep in contact / touch with 与保持联系be in /out of contact with 与有/失去联系I dont know how to get in contact with you. 我不知道怎样才能和你们取得联系。【考题链接】My father was so glad to meet his friends again. You see, they _ with each other for nearly 30 years.A. lost contact B. had lost contact C. had been out of contact D. has been out of contact 答案：C解题思路：句意：我的父亲很高兴又见到了他的朋友。你要明白，他们已经几乎30年没见面了。lost contact with sb. 与某人失去联系（短暂性动词，不能和段时间连用）；be out of contact with sb.与某人失去联系（表示状态，可以和段时间连用），所以根据句意选C。【即学即练】1. This kind of cloth _ soft and _ well.A. is felt; is sold B. feels; sells C. feels; is sold D. is felt; sells答案：B解题思路：本题考查系动词的用法。句意：这种布料摸起来很软并且卖的很好。feel是系动词，没有被动语态，所以不能选A和D；物作主语的时候，sell作不及物动词没有被动形式，用来说明主语的性质，所以答案是B。2. Some experts on international affairs suggested a practical _ to the Middle East problem.A. way B. approach C. means D. method答案：B解题思路：句意：一些国际事务专家对中东问题提出了一个很有效的方法。way to do /of doing sth.做某事的方法；approach to sth. 做某事的方法；means of 的方法或手段；method of doing sth.做某事的方法。3. Arent you going to buy that house? It is modern, comfortable and above all, in a quiet area. Yes, it is. But Im afraid we cant _ such an expensive house. A. afford B. live C. hope D. offer答案：A解题思路：第二句句意：恐怕我们买不起这么贵的房子。cant afford to do sth. 不能承担做某事；live生活；hope希望；offer提供。4. He _ his friend the moment he got the good news. A. contacted to B. contacted C. kept in contact with D. noticed 答案：B解题思路：句意：他一得到这个好消息就联系了他的朋友。contact 及物动词，“联系，接触” 没有A项搭配;C项 keep in contact with sb.意为“与某人保持联系”，不符合题意；notice“注意”，不合题意。5. The place looks so _to me that I think I must have seen it in a picture somewhere. A. similar B. familiar C. attractive D. suitable 答案：B解题思路：句意：这个地方对我来说看上去如此熟悉，以至于我认为我一定在一张画上看到过它。similar相似的；familiar熟悉的；attractive有吸引力的；suitable适合的。6. I know this is not quite the right word, but I cant be _ to think of a better one. A. disturbed B. bothered C. troubled D. worried答案：B解题思路：句意：我知道这不是一个很恰当的词语，但是我很难再想出一个更好的。be bothered to do sth. 费力做某事；disturb扰乱；trouble麻烦；worry使担心。7. I hurried to the airport, but_, the flight had taken off. A. absolutely B. seriously C. badly D. unfortunately答案：D解题思路：句意：我匆忙地赶到机场，但不幸地是，飞机已起飞。absolutely绝对地；seriously严肃地；badly糟糕地；unfortunately不幸地8. The car was a _ at that price. A. exchange B. bargainC. trade D. business答案：B解题思路：句意：这辆车的价格真便宜。exchange交换；bargain交易，契约（经过讨价还价），便宜货；trade交易，贸易；business生意。二、重点短语【短语学习】1. put up 建造或设立某物【例句】They put up a tent and began to take a rest. 他们搭起帐篷，开始休息。【拓展】put的相关短语put back 拨回；向后移 put down 写下；记下 put forward 提出（意见、建议）put off 延期；推迟put on穿上put out熄灭；关（灯）；扑灭put through接通电话put up with忍受；忍耐；受苦【辨析】put up；set up；build；found put up 表示建造时，指建造高于地平面的建筑物，与set up 的意思相近。A new cinema has been put up where there used to be a lake.在原来的湖泊处建起了一座新的电影院。 set up 除表示“建造”以外，还可以表示建立组织、机构等。The Peoples Republic of China was set up (founded) in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 build 普通用语，常指建造较大的东西。They have built several houses these days.这些日子他们建了好几座房屋。 found表示成立机构、组织时，可与set up 互换。Harvard was founded (set up) in 1636.哈佛大学成立于1636年。【考题链接】This is the picture of the nuclear power station _ in the city.A. found B. put up C. building D. founded答案：B解题思路：句意：这就是这个城市修建的核电站的图片。从句意看，nuclear power station和所选动词之间是被动关系；found为动词find的过去分词，意为“发现”；put up为过去分词，作定语；building形式不正确；founded形式正确，但表示某一组织的建立。 2. a nice little fish restaurant 一家不错的小鱼餐馆【用法】（1）多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序：基本原则是与名词关系最密切的应当离名词最近，与名词关系疏远的离名词要远一些。（2）排列顺序：冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+基数词+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词。【例句】I have a big round red Chinese wooden table. 我有一张大的，圆的，红色的中式木桌。【考题链接】Is it Jim who is driving the new car?Probably. I know he has recently bought a _ car. A. shiny black German B. black shiny German C. shiny German black D. black German shiny答案：A解题思路：第二句句意：我知道他最近买了一辆鲜亮黑亮的德国汽车。根据修饰形容词的顺序：冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+基数词+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词，可知答案是A。3. get away from 从（地方）走开，离开，摆脱(某人/某地)【例句】Im afraid I cant get away from the meeting. 我恐怕难以从会议中抽身。She always gets away from tiredness by listening to music. 她总是靠听音乐来解乏。【考题链接】 Sometimes Mr. Wang would like to get into the countryside and _ the noise, the dirt and people in the city.A. get off B. get out C. get onD. get away from答案：D解题思路：考查词组辨析。句意：有时王先生更愿意去乡下，摆脱吵闹、灰尘和城市中拥挤的人群。get off从下来；get out从出来；get on 上车；get away from摆脱。 4. a number of 许多，大量【用法】 a number of 后接可数名词的复数形式。修饰number的形容词有large, small, great, good；作主语时谓语动词用复数。【例句】A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend. 这个周末许多学生将去野炊。【拓展】表示“大量”的短语 a good/great many, a large/great/good number of, a few修饰可数名词复数（作主语时谓语动词用复数）。 many a/an 修饰单数可数名词（作主语时谓语动词用单数）。 a great/good deal of, quite a little 修饰不可数名词（作主语时谓语动词用单数）。 a lot of=lots of, plenty of 修饰可数名词复数/ 不可数名词（作主语时谓语动词根据名词的单复数确定）。Many a student likes pop music.许多学生喜欢流行音乐。I need a great deal of money.我需要许多钱。【辨析】the number of 意为“的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。The number of days in February this year is 28. 今年二月份的天数是二十八天。【考题链接】 The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; wereD. were; were答案：C解题思路：句意：受邀的人有50个，但是许多人因为不同的原因而没有来。the number of 意为“的数量”，作主语，看做整体，谓语用单数；a number of意为“许多”，作主语，谓语用复数。5. go up (=rise)（价格，温度，水位等）上升，上涨；被建造【例句】The river/ temperature is going up. 河水在上涨/温度在上升。New buildings are going up everywhere. 到处都在建新大楼。【拓展】表示“上升，提升”；“下降，降低”的词和短语： go up=rise(vi.) 上升，提升 bring up=raise（vt.）（使）上升，提升 go down=fall(vi.)下降 bring down (vt.)（使）下降，降低 cut down削减The price has gone up/has risen/has been brought up/has been raised in the past few months.在过去的几个月里物价上涨了。The government has brought down/has cut down the price to meet the peoples needs.为满足人民的需要，政府降低了物价。As the number of cars has been growing larger and larger, the price has gone down/has fallen in the past few years.因为小汽车的数量越来越多，其价格在过去的几年里下降了。【考题链接】 The prices keep _ and nobody can get them _ .A. going up; brought down B. gone up; going downC. going up; going down D. gone up; brought down 答案：A解题思路：句意：价格始终在上升，没有人能让它们降下来。go up上升（不及物动词短语，没有被动形式）；bring down使下降（及物动词短语）。第一个空the prices和go up是主动关系；第二个空them（the prices）和bring down是被动关系。【即学即练】1. _ the teachers who made a visit to our school this year was less than that of last year.A. The number of B. A number of C. A great deal ofD. Plenty of答案：A解题思路：句意：今年参观我们学校的老师的数量比去年少。a great deal of修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数；plenty of 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，谓语单复数根据名词的情况而确定；a number of 修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数；the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数。2.Do you think the housing price will keep _ in the years to come? Sorry, I have no idea. A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing up D. growing up 答案：B解题思路：本题考查固定搭配。句意: 你认为在接下来的几年中房价还会涨吗？lift up举起（及物动词短语）；go up上升（不及物动词短语）；bring up养育（及物动词短语）；grow up成长。3. Do you know why they _ me? I have no idea. A. get down B. get up C. get away from D. get off答案：C解题思路：本题考查词组辨析。句意：你知道他们为什么远离我吗？我不知道。get down开始；get up起床；get away from躲避，远离；get off下车。4. The headmaster wanted the new classroom building to be _ as soon as possible. A. gone up B. put up C. made up D. turned up 答案：B解题思路：句意：校长要求尽快修建完这个新教学楼。go up上升（不及物动词，没有被动形式）；put up修建；make up编造，弥补；turn up出现。5. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little答案：A解题思路：句意：这座小的白色木制房子闻起来似乎好多年没人住了。形容词修饰名词的顺序：冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+基数词+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词，可知答案是A。三、重点句型【句型学习】 1. Its been six years since we last saw each other. 自从我们上次见面以来已经六年了。【句析】本句结构为：It is/has been/was +一段时间+ since 从句，表示“自从以来已经”。如果主句谓语动词是is/has been，则从句用过去时；若主句谓语动词为was，则从句用过去完成时。【例句】It has been three years since I began to learn English. 自从我开始学英语到现在已经三年了。It was a long time since I had enjoyed myself.好久没玩得如此痛快了。【拓展】（1）since 从句中的动词若是延续性的，则表示从该动作结束至今已有一段时间。It is three years since he lived here.他不住在这儿已有三年了。（2）“It will be+ 一段时间+before+主语+动词现在式”表示某事过一段时间要发生。 “It was +一段时间+before+主语+动词过去式”表示在过去某一时间某事过一段时间才发生。It will be five hours before I come back.我五个小时就回来。It was long before he came back.很久他才回来的。【考题链接】Is that the project you often refer to?Right, it is three years _ it finished.A. that B. since C. before D. when答案：B解题思路: 句意：那就是你经常提到的工程吗？是的，自从完成它以来已有三年了。结构为：it +一般现在时或现在完成时+段时间+since +一般过去时2. And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown. 这是我第一次到你家乡来。【句析】 “This/It is the first/second/其他序数词/last time+ that 从句”表示“这是某人第一/二/最后一次做某事”。句中的that 常省略。【例句】This is the first time I have enjoyed myself so much.这是我第一次玩的这么开心。【拓展】1）表示“第次做某事”的句型中，如果主句使用is,从句用现在完成时；主句使用was,从句用过去完成时。It was the second time I had visited China.这是我第二次访问中国。2）“是某人做某事的时候了”的其他表述It is time for+ n. /pron.It is time (for sb.) to do sth. Its time for us to go. 我们该走了。【考题链接】She was scolded because that was the third time that she _ late to work.A. has been B. came C. had been D. has come答案：C解题思路：句意：她被责备是因为这是她第三次上班迟到了。表示“第次做某事”的句型中，如果主句使用is,从句用现在完成时，主句使用was,从句用过去完成时。3. but this is one of the most attractive places Ive been to. 但这是我到过的最迷人的地方之一。【句析】1）“one of +the+形容词的最高级+名词复数”表示中最的之一2）Ive been to 是定语从句，省略了关系代词that, 因为前面是一般现在时（is）,故后面用现在完成时（have been）。【例句】 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world I have visited. 长江是我见过的最长的河流之一。【考题链接】 Tom is one of the best foreigners I _. A. have met B. meet C. met D. had met答案：A解题思路：句意：汤姆是我遇到过的最好的外国人之一。从句意来看，动作是从过去开始直到现在仍有影响，故用现在完成时。4. The countryside would be a sadder and uglier place without them. 没有了它们（村庄），农村将成为更悲哀、更丑陋的地方。【句析】本句使用了虚拟语气，表达与将来某种情况相反的虚拟，without them 表达虚拟条件，相当于：If there were not villages。【例句】I would not make great progress without his help. 要是没有他的帮助，我不会取得巨大的进步。【拓展】1）“without+名词/代词/动名词” 表达虚拟条件，意思是“若是没有，假如没有”。对将来和现在的虚拟，相当于“If there were not”；对过去的虚拟，相当于“If there had not been”。2）“but for+ 名词/代词”的用法和其相同，对将来和现在的虚拟，相当于“If it were not for”；对过去的虚拟，相当于“If it had not been for”。【考题链接】We would have a happier school time _ examination.A. without B. if not C. if without D. but答案：A 解题思路：句意：要是没有考试，我们会在学校过得更愉快。“without+名词/代词/动名词” 表达虚拟条件，意思是“若是没有，假如没有”。【即学即练】1. What was the party like? Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since 答案：D解题思路：句意：聚会怎么样啊？好极了。好多年都没那么快乐过了。结构为：it +一般现在时的句子或现在完成时+段时间+since+一般过去时的句子。 2. How many times have you been to China?In fact, it is the first time I _ here.A. wasB. amC. had been D. have been答案：D解题思路：句意：你去过北京多少次了？事实上，这是我第一次来这里。表示“第次做某事”的句型中，如果主句使用is,从句用现在完成时，主句使用was, 从句用过去完成时。3. I _ if I clean up the classroom without other peoples help.A. shall be praisedB. would be praised C. will praise D. praise答案：B 解题思路：句意：若没有其他人的帮助打扫完教室，我就会受到表扬了。“without+名词/代词/动名词” 表达虚拟条件，意思是“若是没有，假如没有”。对将来和现在的虚拟，相当于“If there were no