初一英语 情态动词.doc

课 题情态动词教学目标掌握情态动词的概念、基本用法；了解各情态动词间的区别重点、难点掌握情态动词的基本用法；了解各情态动词间的区别考点及考试要求情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形教学内容 Step 1 Lets review together! check the homework make a conclusion上节课我们主要学习了什么？请简要填写在右侧的横线上并给自己的作业评分。 上节课主要内容： 作业评分（5）： Step 2 情态动词一、情态动词的定义情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须跟动词原形。（）She cans swim well. （）She can swims well.（）She can swim well. （）She swims well.二、情态动词的种类 can，may，must对初学者而言，can，may，must是三个最重要的情态动词，其基本句型如下：肯定句：主语+can，may，must +动词原形. We can be what you want to be. You can win your life. It may rain tomorrow. He must finish his homework in time.否定句：主语+can，may，must +not +动词原形.疑问句：Can，May，Must +主语+动词原形？ Can I help you? May I borrow your English book? Must I finish my homework?You may eat lunch，but you must wash your hands.你可以吃饭，但是你必须洗手。 Can Li Ming speak English？李明会说英语吗？May I close the door？我可以把门关上吗？Must I read this book now？我现在一定要读这本书吗？ 1. cana.表示能力；能，会She can run fast，but I cant.她很会跑，但是我不会。（表能力，此时may，must都不可替代）b.表示可能；能够I can get there in ten minutes.我十分钟之后就可以到那儿。（表示一种可能性）c.表示允许；许可（不如may正式，常用于口语）You can use this dictionary.你可以用这本字典。（此时还可以用may代替can，但一般会话中用can）d. can表示怀疑或不肯定时，用于否定句和疑问句或感叹句中。could有时只表示怀疑、推测程度，不表示时态。He couldnt be a badman.他不大可能是坏人。He cant be a badman.他不可能是坏人。e. can的疑问句 比较can和be able tocan只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态。can（could）表示能力时，可用be able to代替。2. maya.表示请求、许可（比can正式）May I borrow your pen？我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗？b.可能、或许（谈论可能性、表示推测，一般用于肯定句）Tomorrow I may go shopping.明天，我可能（或许）去商店买东西。He might be our new teacher.他或许是我们的新老师。 c. may not也表示“不可以”的意思，但单独使用时不多，大多使用于回答疑问句时。May I come in？我可以进来吗？No， you can（may） not.（=No， you mustnt）.不，你不可以进来。d. may的疑问句May？的回答还可以有下列方式：Yes，of course.是的，当然可以了。Yes，certainly.当然可以了。No，you must not 不，不行。（具有强烈禁止的意思）No，you cant 不，不行。（口语上大多采用这一句型） 3. must a.必须、应该（表示有做某一动作的必要或义务）在You must.这一句型中，它的意思与祈使句相同。You must get up early. =Get up early.你必须早起。You must study hard. =Study hard.你必须用功读书。You must buy a ticket.你必须买一张票。b.一定、准是（表示有把握的判断或推测，一般只用于肯定句中）He must be our new teacher.他肯定是我们的新老师。（语气比may，might要肯定得多） c. must的否定式是must not，缩写为mustnt，译为“不可以”、“一定不”。You mustnt leave so early.你们不要走得太早。They mustnt take any book out of the room.他们不可以从房间里拿走书。 d. must的疑问句Must I live here？我必须住在这里吗？Yes，you must.是的，你必须。No，you neednt = No，you dont have to.不，不必了。 4. have tohave（has）to与must一样，表示“必须”的意思。have（has）to后面要用动词原形。当主语为第三人称单数时用has to，当句子是过去时用had to。I have to get up early tomorrow morning. 我明天早晨必须（不得不）早起。We have to leave now. 我们不得不现在就离开。He has to work on Sunday. 他不得不在周日工作。I had to do my homework last Sunday.上周日，我不得不做作业。 have to的否定句句型：主语+dont（doesnt）have to+动词原形.You dont have to walk so fast.你不必走那么快。He will not have to buy a new coat next year.明年，他没必要买新外衣了。have to的疑问句句型：Do（Does）+主语+have to +动词原形？Do you have to study maths now？ 你现在必须学数字吗？Did he have to ask the question？ 他非要问那个问题吗？比较must与have tomust侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，have to侧重于客观上的必要。如果用于过去时态或将来时态时，则要用have to来代替。My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（一般过去时）I havent got any money with me，so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没有钱，只好向朋友借点了。（一般将来时）He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。 5. should的用法You should read this book.你应该读这本书。1.should（应当、应该）用于所有人称，与ought to同义。You should wait a little more.=You ought to wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。2.在表示要求、命令时，语气是由should（应该）、had better（最好）、must（必须）逐渐加强。 6. had betterhad better相当于一个助动词，它后面要跟动词原形；had better只有一种形式，没有has，have better这一形式；它的否定式是在它后面加not。You had better go now.你最好现在走。Hed（=He had）better do it now.他最好现在做。Shed better not cry.她最好别哭。Step 3 Practice 一、用适当的动词和情态动词填空1Must I wait till he comes back ? No, you _ .2You _ not make so much noise in the hospital.3Can you ride a bike ? No, I _.4Do you speak English ? Yes, I _ .5_ I go home now ? No, you stay here.6_ you like to help me ?7My mother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her.8_ I use your car ? Yes, you _ 9_ we begin our class now ?二、词形转换1You must wash the dishes. =You_ _ wash the dishes.2She can cook well. =She _ _ _ cook well.3Wash your face at once. =You _wash your face at once.4They couldnt find any secrets（秘密）.=They _ not _ to find any secrets.5You should be here on time. =You _ _ be here on time.三、选择填空1You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week. A cant Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not2Can I leave this door open at night ? No, you _ . Ashould better not Bwould better not Chad better not3Hurry up. He _ for us at the station. A must wait Bmust be waiting Cshould wait Dshould be waiting4The food must be good. No, it _ be good. Amust not Bneednt Cwouldnt Dcannot5Your shirt is rather dirty. _ I wash it for you ? ADo BWill CHave DShallStep 4 Homework( ) 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. canC. has to D. must( ) 2 They _ do well in the exam.A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to( ) 3 -May I take this book out?-No, you_.A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent( ) 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese?-No, I_.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not( ) 6 -He_ be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt( ) 7 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?-Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt( ) 8 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need( ) 9 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to( ) 10 _ I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do( ) 11 The children_ play football on the road.A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must( ) 12 You _ be late for school again next time.A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to( ) 13 -Must I do my homework at once?-No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not( ) 14 His arm is