八年级英语下册知识点归纳(牛津英语).doc

Dow Corning Zhangjiagang Co Ltd Confidential - PROPRIETARY 8B Unit 1 Past and presentpast n. 意为“过去” in the past 过去（过去时） in the past few years 在过去的几年中 present n. 现在，目前 at present 目前 n.礼物in the future 未来；将来 Comic strip Welcome to the unit1、 It was in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的 an hour ago 一小时前 in the bowl在碗里2. Ive just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。 (eat-ate-eaten) just adv. 意为“刚才” 常与完成时连用。 他们刚刚到达。 They have just arrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图书馆。I went to the library just now. 3. You used to share food with me! 你过去常与我分享食物！l used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。 1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。 His pare2nts used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？ Tom used to get up early, didnt he?/ usednt he?l be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner.l be used to do 被用来做 A pen is used to write with.笔是用来写的。l share sth. with sb.和.分享 4. You used to be so kind to me. 你过去对我那么好。 be kind to sb. 对友好 5. go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校6. It took a long time to wait for the next one. 等下一辆公共汽车要花费很长时间。wait for the next one 等下一辆车 7. go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus 乘公交车去学校Reading8. know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解 knowvery well 非常了解 9. since I was born自我出生以来 be born 出生 since 引导原因状语从句，不可与so连用。 10. move house 搬家11. live in the northern part of town住在城镇的北部 south南方southern南部的 east东部eastern东部的 west western north northernto the north of 在北面（范围之外） in the north of 在北部（范围之内）on the north of 在北边（接壤） Our school is to the north of the times supermarket .我们学校在时代超市北面。Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国北部。Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东位于江苏北面。 12. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then. get married 结婚 get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb. 和某人结婚 marry sb. to sb.把某人嫁给某人 move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外 since then 从那以后13. change a lot改变许多 14. over the years 在这些年期间(现在完成时)15. in the town centre= in the centre of the town在镇中心 16. turninto 把变成 Heat turns water into vapor .热使水变成蒸气。Turn this sentence into English. turn on打开 turn off关 turn up调高 turn down调低 turn around转身 by turns轮流地 in turn依次 turn in 上交 Its ones turn to do sth.17. a steel factory 一家钢铁厂 water pollution水污染 air pollution空气污染 noise pollution噪音污染 18. put the waste into the river把废料扔进河 put away 收好 put on 穿上 put off 推迟/延期19. realize the problem意识到问题19. take action to improve the situation采取行动改善情况 20. much cleaner 干净得多 21. in some ways 在某种程度上 in this way以这种方式 on the way (to )在的路上 by the way 顺便说下 no way 没门 in any way 无论如何 22. have a beautiful modern town拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇 23. most of my old friends 我的大多数老朋友 24.move away 搬走 25. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.It is necessary for us to study English hard. It is kind of you to help us.若形容词是描述行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物,用for sb.， difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。see each other as often as before和过去一样频繁的见到彼此 26. play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋 27. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有时感到有点孤 feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单 from time to time=at times=sometimes有时 abit和alittle “稍微”、“有点” ,修饰形容词、副词。在肯定句中可以互换. alittle 直接修饰不可数名词;而abit修饰名词时,其后须加上of,构成“abitof+n.”结构。例如: HeknowsabitofFrench. abit和alittle的否定式意义正好相反。notabit=notatall,意为“毫不”;而notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”,“很”。例如: Heisnotabittired.他一点不累。 Heisnotalittletired.他很累。 a few/few用在复数可数名词之前，little/a little用在不可数名词之前。 Hetookafewbiscuits.(肯定 ) Hetookfewbiscuits(否定) Hetookalittlebutter.(肯定) Hetooklittlebutter.(否定) 28. the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变 29. because of being alone 因为独自一人. lonely, alone的区别：lonely作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞,lonely修饰地点时，意：“荒凉的，偏僻的”。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如：He is alone, but he never feels lonely.30. a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼 31. all ones life 一生 Grammar32. repair over ten bicycles 修十多辆自行车 33.the changes in Beijing北京的变化 34. over the past century上个世纪期间 35.learn more about更多了解关于 36 hear about/of 听说 hear from sb. 收到某人来信 37. plan to do sth.计划做某事 Integrated skills38. clean and fresh air干净新鲜空气 39.living condition居住环境 40. railway station火车站 41. travel to and from the town by bus乘公交进出城镇 42. another big change 另一个大变化 43. move into new flats搬进新的公寓 move out of搬出44. return from the USA 从美国回来 return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人45. go abroad 出国，去国外 at home or abroad在国内外46. at primary school 在小学 47.keep in touch with each other互相保持联络 48.communicate by email 通过电子邮件交流 49.make communication much easier使沟通更容易 communicate with sb.和某人保持联系Study Skills50. be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于（干）某事 get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化51. take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行 happen发生(偶然发生)52. green hills all around 到处都是绿山 53. a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心54. on ones own = by oneself = alone独自Task 55、throw rubbish扔垃圾 56、in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方57、in their free time 在他们业余时间 58、travel around the town在镇里转转59、have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车60.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的公路 61.wide and clean streets宽阔而干净的街道 62.green trees on both sides两边绿树 63.enjoy a comfortable life享受舒服的生活 Unit 2 TravellingComic strip & Welcome to the unit词组：1. go to sp for a/ones holiday去某地度假 go to South Hill for my holiday be on holiday在度假2. have been to sp去过某地（已经回来） Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？ have gone to sp去了某地（还没回来） He has gone to Shanghai 已经去了上海3. join sb in doing sth加入某人去做某事 join us/you 4. get ready for sth. 为做好准备 get ready to do sth.5. I am getting all my things. 我正在收拾东西。6. take the bag拿上包 take sth. with sb.随身携带7. I dont think itll be a holiday for me. I dont think its a good idea. 8. the capital of 的首都 9. Whats special about this book? 这本书有什么特别的？10. come from a story by sb来自某人写的一个故事11. place of interest 名胜 Can you tell me some places of interest in Nanjing? be interested in 对感兴趣 I am interested in Chinese. Reading词组：1. see each other 互相见面2. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人miss v. 1)思念；想念 When I studied in USA，I miss my parents very much. 2) 错过，没赶上 Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. n. 小姐，后接 姓氏时，常常大写 This is my English teacher, Miss li. 3. I have been in Hong Kong for two months. 我来香港已经两个月了。4. have a fantastic/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得愉快5. spend the whole day at Disneyland在迪斯尼度过一整天 all the people所有的人 spend v 1） 度过 I spent my winter holiday in Hainan. 2) 花费 spend + 时间/金钱 on + 东西 spend + 时间/金钱（in) doing something I spent an hour on my homework yesterday. I spent an hour in doing my homework yesterday. 6. We got to the park by underground. get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in sp. 到达某地(没有目的地只用arrive) 7. on Space Mountain在太空山 an indoor roller coaster一个室内过山车8. It moved at high speed and was really exciting. move at high speed高速运行 (speed 过去时speeded/ sped- 过去分词speeded/ sped) speed n. 速度 短语： at the speed of 以的速度It moves at the speed of fifty kilometers an hour. 它以每小时五十公里的速度移动。Please drive at a safe speed. 请以安全的速度行驶。9. scream and laugh through the ride全程都在尖叫大笑 through the ride在行程中10. hurry to a restaurant to have a quick meal (动词)hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry(名词) in a hurry 在匆忙之中hurry to do sth=be in a hurry to do sth.=do sth. in a hurry=do sth. hurriedly匆忙做某事11. On the way 在路上 on the way to + 地点 在去的路上 on ones way to + 地点 在某人去的路上 注意：遇到 home/here/there 等地点副词时省略toI met an old friend on my way home. 在回家的路上我遇到了一个老朋友。12. such as/for example例如For example, twice two is equal to four. 例如，二加二等于四。Sally likes fruits very much, such as apples, oranges and strawberries. 13. a parade of Disney characters迪士尼人物的游行 later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon下午迟些时候14. the best part of the day 这天最好部分 15. run after sb.追赶某人 cant stop doing =cant help doing 禁不住做某事When he listened to the story, Jim couldnt help laughing. 听这个故事时，吉姆忍不住笑了。Stop to do something停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing something停止正在做的Please stop to listen to the teacher. 请停下来听老师讲。 The students stopped talking and laughing when they saw the teacher.take photos拍照 cant stop taking photos不停地拍照片16. be like magic像魔法一样magic n. 魔术 Do you like Liu Qians magic? 你喜欢刘谦的魔术吗？magical adj魔法的；有魔力的；迷人的 The world is full of magical things. 17. We could even smell the apple pie and feel the wind. 我们甚至能闻到苹果派的香味，感觉风在吹。感官动词 smell/feel/sound/taste/look + 形容词 The flowers smell wonderful. The food tastes good. 18. go shopping=do some shopping 买东西19. buy sb. sth./ buy sth. for sb. 为某人买 couple n.两人，两件事物，几个人；几件事物a couple of = a pair of 一双；一对 a couple of key rings 一对钥匙环The couple arrived at the party very early. We met in Moscow a couple of weeks ago. 20. near/at the end of 将近/在结束的时候 in the end=finally 最后 by the end of到.为止21. watch the fireworks in front of 在前面观看焰火 22. during your stay there (名词) 在你待在那期间 stay at home (动词) 待在家let me have a look at sth.让我看一下某物 Heres one for you. 这个是送给你的。Grammar词组：1. 去某地开会go to sp to attend a meeting 2. 参加会议attend a meeting 3. 在沙滩上玩play on the sand4. 顺便说一下by the way 5. 邀请某人去野餐invite sb to go for a picnic6. 去野餐go for a picnic /have a picnic 7. 电影已经开始20分钟了。The film has been on for 20 minutes.8. 游行结束好几小时了。The parade has been over for hours.9. Kitty来香港两天了。Kitty has been in Hongkong for two days.10. 自从上周二他就离开家了。He has been away from home since last Tuesday.11. 这本书我已经借了好几天了。I have kept this book with me for a few days.（不能用borrow）12. Simon自从去年就加入足球俱乐部了。Simon has been in / a member of the Football Club since last year.13. 他们结婚15年了。They have been married for 15 years.14. 这些鱼死了有一段时间了。These fish have been dead for some time.15. 在寒假第一天on the first day of the winter holidayIntegrated skills词组:1. 旅行的地方places for traveling 2. 中国园林Chinese gardens3. 自然景观places of natural beauty 4. 海滨城市seaside cities5. 主题公园theme parks 6. 提一些在中国旅游的建议give some advice on travelling in China7. 全年去那儿go there all year round(during the whole year)8. 水上运动water sports 9. 在任何季节in any season 10.It is dangerous to climb mountains on cold and snowy days. 在寒冷的雪天爬山是危险的。11. 去那最好的时节是在春天或秋天。The best time to go there is in spring and autumn.12. 可能会下雨。There may be some rain. / It may be rainy. / It may rain.13.在一年的那个时刻at that time of year14. 有一些关于五一节的计划have some plans for the May Day holiday15. 去某地出差go to sp on business16. 乘直达航班去某地take a direct flight to sp17. 坐飞机去成都要多久？How long does it take to fly to Chengdu?18. 跟我爸爸给你核实一下check it for you with my dad补充知识点：1. see sb. playing on the sand看到某人正在沙滩上玩see somebody doing sth 看到某人正在做see somebody do sth 看到某人做某事的过程或经常看到某人做某事I saw him working in the garden yesterday. Jim often sees Mary help others. play on the sand在沙滩上玩 2. die v 死亡 His grandfather died last week.death n 死亡 He cried after knowing his grandfathers death.dying 动词现在分词；形容词 奄奄一息的，垂死的His grandfather is dying. 他的爷爷快过世了。dead 形容词 死的 His grandfather has been dead for three years. 3. 1)Except 与 besides 都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有”；而 except 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。如：Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。2)关于 except 与 except for：except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for是除了因为;要不是;除去一点外的意思,表示对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的排除否定式。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的不是同类项。All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。4：in front of (在某物外部的前面） There are two trees in front of the classroom.in the front of (在某物内部的前面）There are a teachers desk in the front of the classroom.Task. 1. 动身去机场leave for the airport 动身去某地，前往某地leave for sp2. 在一大早in the early morning3. 坐飞机去香港花了我们三个半小时。It took us three and a half hours to fly to Hongkong.4. 爱看有趣的迪士尼人物游行love watching the interesting parade of Disney characters5. 看海豚表演watch the dolphin show 6. 看鸟表演watch the bird show7. 给我们的亲戚们买了很多礼物buy a lot of presents for our relatives8. 吃了一顿美食have a delicious meal9. 我希望有一天我能再次来这儿玩 I hope I can visit it again some day.10. 坐飞机去某地 take a plane to sp / take a flight to sp go to sp by air / plane go to sp on a plane 8B unit 3 online tours网上旅行 Welcome to the unit1、 look like 看起来像（指长相，即可指人也可指物）eg: The man looks like our English teacher. eg. The strange thing looks like a plate.区分：What do/does sb. look like? 问长相=How do/does sb. look? What be sb. like? 问品质 What do/does sb. like? 问喜好2. agree with sb. on sth.同意某人观点 agree to do sth同意做某事 disagree不同意3. Here it is它在这儿 change the channel换频道 the remote control遥控器4. 鼠标（复数）mouse mouses 老鼠（复数）mouse mice 4. chat(动词）with sb.和某人聊天 have a chat（名词） with sb. chat 现在分词：chatting 5. do word processing做文字处理6. send and receive emails收发电子邮件 (1) send 发送 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.把某物寄给/送给某人 (2) receive 收到，接到 receive emails 接收邮件 区分：receive 与accept receive 客观(被动地)收到 accept 主观接受 eg. I received a bunch of flower, but I didnt accept it. 7. watch videos看录像8. what.for?.为何目的，为何理由？=Why? What did you do that for?=Why did you do that? 9. use sth to do/ use sth. for sth. 用做1.你通常用你的电脑来干嘛？What do you use your computer for?What do you use your computer to do?2.我用它来搜索信息use it to search for informationuse it for searching for information10. be fast and easy快捷11. 你多久用电脑来做一次这个？How often do you use your computer for this?How often do you use your computer to do this? 多频繁(对频率提问) how often12. almost every day几乎每天13. I have no idea.Ive no idea.I dont know.我不知道。 14. turn on the TV turn on/off打开/关闭，turn up/down调大/调低；都是“动词副词”。Reading1. Around the World in Eight Hours 八小时环游世界 2. Im your tour guide. 我是你们的导游3. notice the “tour” icon注意到“tour”这个图标 notice sb do sth注意到某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事3. at the top of the page在本页上方 at the bottom of 在底部4. click 点击 click（及物动词）sth. =click(不及物动词) on sth. 点击5. in eight hours在八小时内（后, 用将来时）6. the world-famous trade centre举世闻名的贸易中心7. at the southern end of在.南端 8. many big companies and international banks很多大型的公司和国际银行9. further on再往前 10. thousands of 数以千计的 hundred, thousand, million等表示确指时（前面有具体的数字），用单数；表泛指（前面没有数字）用复数，其后加of eg. three thousand hundreds ofgather here on New Years Eve在新年前夜聚集在这11. Its exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness. 看到大玻璃球在黑夜中落下令人很兴奋。(1) see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 eg. When I passed by the KFC, I saw many children eating hamburgers and chips in it.see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调动作发生的全过程） （2）through the darkness穿过黑夜12. With several lakes, hills and a large green lawn, its a good place to relax after a hard days work.(1) 一个放松的好地方a good place to relax relax 放松，休息 relax oneself放松自己动词三单：relaxes 形容词：relaxed 修饰人 relaxing 修饰物(2) 在辛苦工作一天后after a hard days work 30小时的火车车程 thirty hours train ride(3) 一大片绿草地a large green lawn13. Dont miss Broadway. 不要错过百老汇。 14. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century(1) 因而出名be famous/ known for 作而出名be famous as+职业 被.所熟知be famous to sbHe is famous to the people all over the world.他被全世界的人所熟知.自从20世纪早期since the early twentieth century15. 听说过“Memory”这首歌 hear of the song “Memory” 收到某人的来信hear from sb get/receive a letter from sb.16. 著名的百老汇音乐剧猫 the famous Broadway musical Cats 17. 关于纽约就讲这么多 So much for New York so much for sth.关于.就讲这么多，.到此为止 So much for the new words.生词就学到这里。18. at the bottom of the page在页面底端 pick another city选择另一个城市 捡起来 / 去(机场)接某人pick up 开始你的新旅程start your new tour 19. a play filled with many songs有很多歌的剧本 be filled with / be full of充满 20. fewer than / less than少于 more than / over多于 buy tickets to different places买去不同地方的票 fall from the sky从空中落下 gather there to welcome the New Year聚集到那迎接新年 world-famous / famous / well-known著名的 the activity of buying and selling买卖的活动 What is the website called? 这个网站叫什么？ give people online tours给人们提供在线旅行 on Manhattan Island在曼哈顿岛Grammar 1. the other day前