中考复习资料--it_的用法详解.doc

it的用法一.指代（后行）it: 1. It的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如：My pen is missing,I cannot find it.A: Pass me a blue pen.B: Here it is / Here you are.2.代词it, that, one, the one 的辨析1）It: 所指的名词就是前面提到的同一物，相当于the + 名词为特指。This is my bike, and I bought it last week.2）That：可替代单数可数名词或者不可数名词，所指的名词与前面提到的为同一类，而非同一物，为特指。The climate of my native town is not so warm as that of Taiwan.3）One：代替可数的单数名词，相当于a + 名词，所指的名词与前面提到的为同一类，而非同一物，为泛指。I have lost my pen; I think I must buy another one.4）The one：表示特指的人或物He doesnt like this pen. He likes the one you lent to Jim.5）Ones：代替可数的复数的复数名词，不能单独出现，前面应有形容词修饰。Id like to have some big apples instead of small ones.2. 指代不明身份或性别的人也用it；指代喜爱的事物或宠物也可用she / he。A：Whos it (knocking at the door)? B: Its me.I didnt know it was you, comrade Lenin. said the guard. The crowd moves on. No one tries to stop it.Look that lovely baby in the cradle! Oh, dear. It is crying.My car needs some more petrol. Lets fill her up. China has a history of over 5,000 years old. She is proud of her culture.1.上文提到的事物2.事件、情况3.婴儿和未知的人4.this或 that5.时间或天气6.地点或距离How far is it from Beijing to London?一.虚义it: 虚义it指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、天气、距离、温度等概念的用法。When spring comes, it is getting warmer and warmer.It is cooler in Tianjin than in Beijing. It is only about half an hours ride from here to my home.It looks as if the college is very small.It seemed as though our plan would be perfect. (参见课本SBIII P.55)形式it: 由于句法结构的需要，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放后置。 1形式主语：不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时，为避免“头重脚轻”，要 将真正的主语后置。(SBIII P.83 Ex.2) It seemed impossible (for him) to get back home. （不定式作主语） It was worthwhile searching for his roots. （动名词作主语）It was obvious that his ancestor taught his younger generation little of his own language. （主语从句作主语）1) It is / was difficult (easy, hard, important, necessary, useful, fit, possible, a pity, a Pleasure) (for sb.) to do sth. ;2) It is / was kind (nice, wise, clever) (of sb.) to do sth.; Cf. Sb. is / was angry ( ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, thankful) to do sth. ;3) It is better (interesting, tiring, enjoyable, funny, fun, a bore, a waste of time) doing sth.; 4) It is clear (plain, true, certain, sure, obvious) + that clause + 陈述语气;5) It is important ( necessary, strange, a pity) + that clause + (should ) do;6) It is a suggestion (my wish, 及与disco动词有关的名词) + that clause +(should) do;7) It is ordered (及与disco动词有关的动词的被动语态) + that clause +(should) do;8) It is high / very time that we should have lunch / had lunch here. It is the first / last time that we have had lunch here (just). It is the third time that we shall have lunch here (in a moment). 2形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、that 从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要 用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day.The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was flat.We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to improve our English.能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, consider, feel, take等。二 强调it: 为了强调句子中的某一成分，可以用“It is / was 被强调部分 that / who其它”的句型。如：It was because he liked music that he went to the college to learn playing the piano.I met an old friend in the street last week.It was I who met an old friend in the street last week. (强调主语)It was an old friend that I met in the street last week. (强调宾语)It was in the street that I met an old friend last week. (强调地点状语)It was last week that I met an old friend in the street. (强调时间状语)注意：）一般强调时间不能用when, 强调地点不用where;）强调谓语用下列方式：I did meet an old friend in the street last week. What I did last week was (to) meet an old friend in the street.三 与it有关的几组相似句型：1 It is clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (形式主语)It is the elephant that is round and tall like a tree. （强调句型）2 It is ten years since he returned to his hometown.It was ten years ago that he returned to his hometown.It was 1990 when he returned to his hometown.It is in 1990 that he returned to his hometown.He went abroad in 1980. It was ten years before he returned to his hometown. 3. He didnt find he had his wallet stolen until he got off the bus. Not until he got off the bus did he find he had his wallet stolen It was not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen. Was it not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen? When was it that he found he had his wallet stolen?It 的用法在英语中， it 有许多不同的用法。它既可以用作代词（如人称代词、非人称代词），也可以用作引导词（作形式主语或形式宾语），还可以用来构成强调句型。1. it 用作人称代词，指代前面提到过的人或事物。如：He bought a dictionary and gave it to me. （指代物品 dictionary ）John hates children， and it is difficult to say why.（指代前面提到的事情）2. 表示天气、时间、温度、距离等。如：It was raining when I left the office.（表示天气）Its an hours walk from my home to the school.（表示距离）Its a long time since we met last time. （表示时间）3. it 用作形式主语或形式宾语根据句子结构的需要，人们常用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语（不定式短语、动词 ing 形式短语或名词性从句）置于句尾。如：It is important to learn English well.It is a pity that I didnt think of it earlier.We found it strange that no one would take the money.4. it 用在强调句型中英语中，有时为了突出句子中的某一成分，达到强调或使人特别注意该成分的目的，人们常用“ It is / was that/ who ”句型把整个句子分割成前后两个部分，使之各自有自己的谓语动词，中间由 that 或 who 连接起来成为一个新的句子，人们习惯上称这一句型为强调句型。如：Mathilde wore the beautiful diamond necklace to attend the palace ball with her husband last night. It was Mathilde who wore the beautiful diamond necklace to attend the palace ball with her husband last night. （强调主语） It was the beautiful diamond necklace that Mathilde wore to attend the palace ball with her husband last night. （强调宾语） It was with her husband that Mathilde wore the beautiful diamond necklace to atten