2010年保送生招生考试英语培训(一).doc

2010年保送生招生考试英语培训（一）冠词的用法：冠词是虚词，不能独立使用，常常放在名词之前，帮助说明这个名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。不定冠词用在名词前，表示泛指；而定冠词用在名词前面，表示特指。一、不定冠词 aan）：1 不定冠词的基本用法（1） 表示“一个”的意思，与数词one相同例如：He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled.（2） 表示某类人或事物之一例如：Is this a Japanese book or an English book ?（3） 表示一类人或事物，相当于可数名词复数形式例如：A dog is a lovely animal.（4） 表示“每一”，相当于per, 用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等单位的词前例如：We work eight hours a day.（5）在以of构成的短语中，表示同一性，相当于the same例如：The children are just of an age.（同岁）2 不定冠词的某些特殊用法（1）当物质名词具体化，表示一类、一阵、一份等意思时，可用不定冠词例如：Green tea is a wonderful tea(一种好茶). a heavy rain(一场大雨)（2）当抽象名词具体化，即表示一个具体的人或室时，可用不定冠词例如：The sports meeting is a great success.(运动会很成功) She is a beauty.(一个美女)（3）用于表示引起某种情绪的名词前例如：It is a pity that we can not swim It is a pleasure to meet you It is an honour to be invited to the arty（4）用于专有名词前 表示“某一个”或“一个叫。的人”例如：A Mr.Wang is waiting for you.（一位王先生） 表示与之相似的人、物或事物例如：He loves science. He wants to be a Newton.（一个牛顿式的人）（5）a (an)通常可置于形容词前，如果形容词前有so, how, as或too修饰时，不定冠词应置于形容词和名词之间。例如：how interesting a movie 多么有趣的电影 too difficult a problem 非常难的问题 as important a question 如此重要的问题 as beautiful a day as you can hpoe for 天气象你所希望的一样好（6）序数词前，一般用定冠词，但当表示“又一个”时，则要用不定冠词例如：They have a second house.二、定冠词(1) 用于上文提到过的人或事物前例如：I bought a skirt yesterday. The skirt is very beautiful.（2）用于表示说话人和听话人心中都了解的人或事物前例如：Would you mind opening the window ?（3） 用于单数可数名词前，相当于不定冠词表示类别例如：The woman is always gentle.(=A woman is always gentle.=women are always gentle)(4)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前例如：The sun rises in the east.(5)用于表示方向、方位的名词前例如：Turn to the left, and you will find the cinema.(6)用于表示全体国民、阶级等名词前例如：The chinese (people) are hard working and brave(7)用于表示乐器的名词前，但汉语拼音表示的乐器名称前不用冠词(8)用于某些形容词前，使之名词化，表示某一类人或物例如：the richpooryoungolddeafblindwoundeddeadsickliving(9)用于序数词或最高级前(10)用于only(唯一的)、same(相同的)、very(恰好的) 等形容词所修饰的名词前例如：Man is the only animal that can talk.(11)用于表示计量的名词前，如by the (以。计算，按。计算)例如：We are paid by the month.(我们按月计酬)特例：Meat is sold by weight.( 肉按重量出售)(12)身体的某部位接受外来的动作时，在表示该部位的名词前必须用定冠词，不可以用物主代词例如：She caught me by the arm. His father hit him on the head.(13)用于某些专有名词前用于复数的姓氏前，表示夫妇二人或全家人例如：The WangsSmiths are waiting for me.河等专有名词前例如：the Yangtze River the Wake Lake the Pacific Ocean用于表示山脉、群岛等专有名词前例如：the ALPs阿尔卑斯山特例：在表示孤岛和独山前不加定冠词：Mount Tai用于表示海湾、海峡的专有名词前：the Taiwan Straits用于某些含有普通名词的国名前：the United States of American用于表示党派、组织结构的专有名词前：the United Nations 三、零冠词（1）表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前，不用冠词例如：Children like cartoons. (2)当man表示人类及man(男人)和woman(妇女)用以代表全体时，不用冠词例如：Man is stronger than woman. 男人比女人强壮（3）当名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词例如：His book is very expensive.（4）在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等名词前，不用冠词（5）在表示节日、假期等名词前，不用冠词：Christmas DayMay Day特例：中国的传统节日前要用冠词：the Mid-Autumn Festival(6)在表示三餐的名词前，不用冠词（7）在表示学科的名词前，不用冠词例如：English is not difficult to learn（8）用by表示运输、通讯等方式，名词前不加冠词例如：by ship by hand by letter by bus（9）表示只有一个人担任的头衔或职位的名词在句中作表语、同位语、补语或宾语是，或表示头衔职位的名词与姓氏连用时，不用冠词例如：We have elected Tom montior of our class. Professor Li is giving a talk to us.（10）在一个以“普通名词+asthough”引导的让步状语从句中，名词前不加冠词例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.（11）在独立结构中，“名词+介词+名词”中的名词前都不加冠词例如：The teacher came in, book in hand.(=with a book in his hand)练习：1Belgium is European country.A. an B. a C. the D. /2.-Do you mean you know boy? -No, I know boy who looks like him.A. a, a B. the , the C. the,a D.a, the3.The United States lies between Pacific Ocean and Atiantic Ocean.A. /,/ B. a, a C. the, the D. the, an4. -The news is spreading from mouth to mouth. -Yes, its becoming talk of town.A. a, a B. the, the C.the , / D.a , /5. Every one should learn from Lei Feng and try to be Lei Feng.A. /,/ B.the, the C./, the D./, a6.The guard caught him by arm.A.an B.the C. / D.a7. Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A./ B. the C. a D. one8. December is the last month of .A. the year B.a year C. one year D . year9. Alice is fond of playing piano while Mary is interested in listening to music.A. / , the B. /, / C.the ,/ D. the ,the 10.-Ive bought car yesterday. -Where is it? Is it Ford or something else?A.the, the B. a, the C. a, a D.the, a11.Three years later, Tom was elected monitor of our class.A. the B. a C./ D . an12. She is newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some imports discoveries.A. the, the B.a, / C.the, / D.a , the13.His death is weightier than Mount Tai.A./ B. a C.the D.an14.My mother is usually on duty in her office every few days.A.the, a B. /, a C.the. / D./ ./15.There are special food for aged and sick in our dining-room.A./, the B.the, / C. the , the D. an , a16. It is not rare in that people in fifties are going to university for further education.A.90s, / B.the 90s, / C.90s, their D.the 90s , their17. The foreign visitors were struck by beauty of nature in China that they stayed on for another two days.A./, the B.the, / C.the , the D.a, the18. Mark is captain and he is young man who is always ready to help others.A. a, t