汉译英解题技巧.doc

汉译英解题技巧解题思路n 1, 首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能，结构及形式，即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性短语,是否要用从句,是否要倒装等n 2, 注意选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混用近义词和形近词.n 3, 翻译完成后再次通读句子，检查有无拼写,用词,语法或逻辑错误，检查句子(整句)是否完整，主谓是否一致,代词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词,介词等,并进行必要的修改和润色.种常考语法要点归纳n ，比较结构n 1). On average, it is said, visitors spend only_ （一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London. n (half as much money)n 2)Americans eat_（两倍）protein as they actually need every day. n (twice as much)n 3) The number of the students in this city has _ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001. n (increased 6 times)n ，用于表示“与相比”的短语n 1) Your losses in trade this year are nothing_ （与我的相比）(compared with mine/ in comparison with mine)n 2) Since my childhood I have found that _( 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力 ) n nothing is more attractive to me than reading n 3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so such_（而是他缺乏天分）n as by his lack of talentn ，状语从句n 包括： as/though 引导的让步状语从句；hardly/barely/scarcely when和no sooner than引导的时间状语从句；以及 now that 既然，由于/ in that因为，由于/In case/ for fear that/ lest以防，万一，以免/Unless/Whetheror等引导的状语从句n Examples:n 1)._（家也许很简陋）, theres no place like home, wherever he may go. (Humble as it may be)n 2)._（我们一到山顶）than we all sat down to rest. (No sooner had we reached the top of the hill)n 3)._(既然你很熟悉作者的想法), try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can. (Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas) n 4).Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误) （in that it helps to find and correct our mistakes）.n 5） Give me your telephone number _(以备我需要你的帮助) （in case I need your help）.n 6）_（政府才能有效运行） unless it is free from such interference.n (Government cannot operate effectively)n 7） The substance does not dissolve in water _（不管是否加热）(whether (it is) heated or not)n ，名词性从句n 1） We agreed to accept _（任何一位他们认为最好的） tourist guide. n (whoever they thought was the best)n 2)In some countries, _（所谓的平等）does not really mean equal rights for all people. n (what is called “equality”)n 3)_ （给我印象最深的） were her liveliness and sense of humor. n What impressed me the most n ，定语从句n 1) A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样).n ( as was to be expected)n 2)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _（正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样）n (as is often the case in other countries)n 3) Im not accustomed to such luxury, _ (它简直是浪费钱). n which is just a waste of money n 只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况n ）当先行词是all, anything, everything, few, little, much, none, nothing, something等不定代词时n ）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时n ）当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时n ，虚拟语气n ）用于表语从句和同位语从句中n (order, command, demand, insist, maintain, request, require, ask, recommend, propose, suggest, move, desire,etc) n ）用于It is +adj./n. +that结构中n (advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fundamental, imperative, important, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, proper, a pity, a shame, no wonder that)n ）用于宾语从句中 wishn ）用于某些特定结构中If only, would rather+从句, as though/if, It is (high) time thatn 等等 n 1) The professor required that _（我们交研究报告）n (we hand in our research reports)n 2) It is highly desirable that a new president_（被任命） for this college.n (be appointed)n 3)Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.n (could have made a good salary). n 4). But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成) n would not have finished so earlyn 5)The victim _( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time .n would have survived n 6) Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.n something was done/some measures were taken n ，倒装结构n ）表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时n a. seldom, rarely, never; b. Hardly/Scarcely when, No sooner than; c. 包含only的状语出现在句首; d.当包含no的短语出现在句首, at no time, under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, on no condition, by no means, etc.n ）so, neither, nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时n ）地点状语位于句首，动词是come, lie, stand, walk等n 1) Not until the game had begun _（他才到达）the sports around.n did he arrive atn 2)If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意).n neither will they n 3)He had understood nothing, _ (也没尝试着去) understand. n nor did he try to n 4)Only after I slapped him on the back _( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). n did he notice me and shouted with happiness n ，并列成分n （and, or, nor, but, not but, than, rather than; both and, not only but (also), either or; neither nor, etcn 1) In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco_ （而不愿待在纽约）n than stayed in New York.n 2)In no country_ （除了在英国）, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.n other than Britainn 3)_（这两本书都不认为）the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.n Neither of the two books holds种常考词汇要点归纳n 接不定式或动名词的动词及短语n anticipate, appreciate, consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, favor, mind, practice, report, resent, risk, keep, imagine/fancy, recall, defend, justify, include, involve, advise/suggest, admit/acknowledge, confess, delay, postpone, excuse/forgive, miss, escape, avoid, tolerate, resist, give up, put off, dream of/about, despair of, object to, count on, feel like, persevere in, insist on, stick to, persist in, succeed in, look forward to, have (no) trouble/difficulty (in) 接动名词n refuse, afford, agree, choose, claim, manage, offer, pretend, promise, swear, venture, guarantee, decide/determine/resolve, desire/hope/wish, expect, had better, cannot but, may/might as well, would rather/sooner, etc接不定式n 1)Mr. Johnson preferred_. （别人给他重活干）n to be given heavier work to don 2)She would appreciate_（收到来信）you sometime.n hearing fromn 3) I used _（以前抽烟抽得很凶）, but I gave it up three years ago.n to smoke heavilyn 4) If you dont like to swim, you _（不妨待在家里）n may as well stay at homen B.表因果关系的动词词组n lead to/result in; give rise to; result from/arise from; originate in/from; be responsible forn .常用短语n have access to; take into account/consideration; accuse sb of (doing) sth; benefit by/from sth; charge sb with sth; charge sb (money) for sth; comment on sth/make comments on sth; concentrate (ones attention) on/upon; convince sb of sth; come/go into effect; take effect; be entitiled to (doing) sth; find fault with; focus on (doing) sth; catch a glimpse of sth/sb; inform sb of/about sth; be/get involved in sth; keep/hold pace (with); make sense; spend (time, money,etc.) on sth/in doing sthn be accustomed /used to (doing) sth; be ashamed of; be (well/fully) aware of; be committed to; be composed of; be concerned about; be concerned with; be conscious of; be consistent with; be content with; be critical of; be familiar with; be familiar to; be ignorant of/about; be inferior to; be jealous of sb/sth; feel/be nervous about/of; be optimistic about; be relevant to; be sensitive to; be similar to; be uneasy about/at sthn on/in behalf of; in case; in case of; in charge of; be in (out of) contact with; to a certain extent; in favor of; in honor of; in particular; on the point of; on purpose; for the sake ofn a heart attack; a tourist attraction; a case in point; heavy rain/snow/traffic; opening/closing/degree/graduation ceremony; severe punishment/pain/injuries/drought/storm真题解析2006.6n 1. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路). n finding the way to the history museumn 关键采分点之一必然是看考生在答案中是否使用了动名词形式 n 2. _(为了挣钱供我上学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.n In order to finance my educationn 动词的选择， 还可用raise money, support ，affordn 3. The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。n we hand in our research reportsn 句型：虚拟语气require that sb. (should) do sth.；n 4. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂).n the more confused I amn 掌握the more, the more 句型 ；另外confused的使用n 5. Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了).n he was fired by the company n 让步状语从句 ；关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。2006.12n 1)Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活)n adjust/adapt to life in a different culture ;adapt to living in different culturesn 注意adapt to 后接动名词n 2)Since my childhood I have fond that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)n nothing attracts me more than reading ;nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than reading n Nothing is morethan和Nothing is soas都具有最高级比较的意思，指“没有比更”。 n 3)The victim _来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time. n would have had a chance of surviving; would have survived n 虚拟语气n 4)Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)n are likely to/may/might feel lonely when (they are) away from homen 5)The nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200万人的速度)n at a rate of 12 million per/a/each year ; at the rate of 12 million people annually;at an annual rate of 12,000,000; by 12 million yearly n at a speed of (以的速度)；其二是数字1200万人的表达，也就是12个百万12 million 而million后面加上多余的复数s则是很多同学容易出现的错误。 2007.6n 1). The finding of this study failed to_(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)n take peoples sleep quality into account n take into account/considerationn 2). The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_（我们可以合作的领域）n the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperaten 定语从句n 3). Because of the leg injury, the athlete_(决定退出比赛）n decided to quit the match n decide to do sth.;另外quit 的使用n 4). To make donations or for more information, please_（按以下地址和我们联系）n contact us at the following address n contact的用法n 5). Please come here at ten tomorrow morning_（如果你方便的话）n if it is convenient for you / at your convenience 2007.12n 1_（ 多亏了一系列的发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.n Thanks to a series of new inventions n 2. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了).n I am more inclined to get tired than before n 3.Im going to pursue this course, _(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲)n no matter what kind of sacrifice I will make n 4.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because_(它更加方便和省时)n the former is more convenient and time-saving n 5.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.n is measured by how much they can borrow 模拟练习n 1.（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）_the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field.n if you manage to get in touch with Mr Smithn manage to do表示成功地做成某事，不成功不可以用n 2.The problem lies in how people look at those students _（专心追求知识的）.n who are knowledge-oriented/absorbed acquiring knowledgen sth.-oriented追求; 定语从句n 3.On Childrens Day, kids _有资格免费进入） to all the city parks.n are entitled to free admissionsn be entitled to do sth. 对享有权利, 值得; 有（做某事）的资格权利n 4.The restaurant next door serves good food, but the one across the street is much better _（就服务而言）.n as far as the service is concernedn so/as far asbe concerned就而言，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。n 5._（每当天气不好时）, he takes whatever umbrella he can find.n whenever the weather is badn Whenever 的使用是关键n 6.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_( 失去联系 ) the outside world. n lose contact withn 短语lose contact with/lose touch with与失去联系n 7.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_( 正在研制 ) and perfected now. n are being developed n be being done现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。n 8.How close parents are to their children_ _( 有很强的影响 ) the character of the children. n has a strong influence on/effect on n influence/effect作名词（常与on连用）对有影响力。n influence指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响,如:Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. effect指实现、达成,着重造成一种特殊的效果,如:This book effected a change in my opinion.n 9.The room is in a terrible mess; it _ （肯定没打扫过） . n cant have been cleaned 【超级句型】情态动词+have done表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。cant表示不可能，may not表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。n 10.With tears on her face, the lady _ (看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室） n watched her injured son sent into the operation room. n see/watchsb./sth.+done强调某动作的全过程，且宾语和动作间是被动关系n 11. After the terrorist attack, tourists _ ( 被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）n were advised not to travel to that country at the moment n advise 一般用法： advise sb. to do; advise doing n 特殊注意： 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。n 12.( 他把自己奉献于社区工作 ) _ and is passionate about what he is doing. n he devoted hims