新编大学英语4课后答案.doc

Unit11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center ofattention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneColumn AColumn BThe Compound Words createdthroughdaythroughoutupmanupbeat, upliftdraweareddrawbackteenreadyteenagehandconscioushandout, handwrittenbirthbackbirthday, birthstonechairdistancechairmanragbeatrag-earedeverliftever-readyoverageoverdue, overagelongduelong-distance, long-earedselfstoneself-consciousmileoutmileage, milestonetypewishingtypewriter, typewrittenwellWriter/writtenwell-wishing, well-writtenStep Two 1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter 6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized11) lingered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A6. 1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject 9) noise10) extra11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation14) hurried 15) warrant16) strangeUnit 3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredityand culture.(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2) i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process. ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. iii) Two examples: a. In many of the former all-womens colleges, the boys were taking over the class- room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles.(para. 3) i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class. ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher assumption. (para 4) i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills. ii) Three examples: a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop reading problems. c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.(3)The educational bias begins at home. (para 5) A. Supporting evidence: i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers. ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules. B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the childs waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.Vocabulary1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias 6) deprived7)constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional10) postgraduate2.conscious- unconscious encourage- discourage directly- indirectly sexist nonsexist dependent- independent positive negative superior - inferior biased fair limited unlimited appropriately- inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out 2) carry over 3) calling on 4) put away 5) fallen behind 6) take overUnit 4Word Building (P 141)1. confuse A. I was confused in B. There seems to be some confusion 2. intelligent A. have a low intelligence B. intelligent3. humor A. A humorous thing B. people lacking in humor4. strategy A. improve his strategy B. is of great strategic importance5. motivate A. students who are well motivated and happy in their leaning B. His motivation was so strong that6. combine A. a combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep in class. B. Sickness, combined with bad weather, made our trip impossible 7. create A. the creation of a new exam system B. the most creative writer8. pursue A. In pursuit of B. She is pursuing her studies9. multiply A. learning multiplication B. if you multiple four by tree10. employ A. He was healthy but he did not know how to employ (使用;应用)his energy B. the employment of modern machineryFilling the blanks (P 142):1)Is just a working model; we havent perfected it yet.2)We need to find the best way of approaching the problem.3)Which do you value more, wealth and health.4)Youll soon learn how the office functions (=work运作)5)adopt a different approach (采用不同方法)6) The car is in almost perfect condition.7) Children should honor (尊敬) their father and mother.8)The main function(功能) of the kidneys is to purity the blood.9)Its an honor to be asked to speak at this meeting.10)For them, the main value of the house lay in its quiet location.Filling the blanks (p 143)1)We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.2)Pain and illness are thought to be the unavoidable consequences (后果)3)The government is committed to (致力;投入) promoting the development and use of public transportation.4) The restriction no longer applies to him because hes over 18.5) are vital /very important to6) His ideas were scorned (轻蔑;鄙视) by many American psychologists.7) Internet connections through conventional (平常的; 惯常的) hone lines are fairly slow.8) I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really original (新颖的; 独创的)Filling the blanks(p 143)1)consciously2)innovative solutions3) unconsciously4)consciously5)Imagination6)Are not aware how7)in control of8)Your future is created by your thoughts9)Your present no longer has to be an extension (延伸;延续) of your past.10)A powerful technique11)You are vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的) to others.12)so your life is unfolding (展开) that way13)Joyful, creative, exciting experience.14)Youhave everything to gain.15)Apply creative living to every area of your life.Unit5Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1) Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or bad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5) The authors arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model while accepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete. (para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesnt mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4) a. He influences peoples lives in a positive way. b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him. c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents try to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes dont want to be role modes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal. Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus Christ. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times. Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I cant go anywhere without being the center of attention and I cant even buy a motorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9) The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. Its a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try to be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.Vocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far 4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to 8) look up to 9) Lets face it 10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlivedUnit 61. Vocabulary (p 223)a. sensible adviceb. relative advantagesc. the mechanism that worked the alarmd. requires skille. eliminate all the errorsf. a plane crash2. Filling the blanks (p 223)1) The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.2) We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk3) Rarely do we learn the risk level4) Such a casual attitude towards the risk level certainly sells newspapers.5) because virtually (几乎) everything is risky (adj.)6) There are all manner of risks (n.) in our daily life.7) People should inform themselves not only about what is risky, but also what the level of the risk is 8) Because ignoring the risk level makes sensible risk management impossible.9) Unless someone can definitely tell you what level of risk is associated with a particular activity, do as you wish.3. Translation (p 223-224)1) On the strength of (基于)those grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse University.2) The market has all manner of (各种各样) interesting things for sale.3) /Faith does not feed on (由滋润) then air but on facts.4) The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化) its simplest form.5) Keep on doing that and youll end up (最后以为结局) in serious trouble6) The environmental problems are often associated with (和有关系) nuclear waste.7) Today we are doing to focus on (把重点放) the question of homeless people8) For assistance, they turned to (向求助) one of the citys most innovative museums.9) Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in (参加) these discussions.10)The Southern Weekend identified at least two village officials said to be involved in (卷入).Unit 71. opposite meanings (p 266) belief doubt dependent independent deep shallow mediocre excellent learn unlearn useless useful shame pride well-informed - ill-informed polite impolite smart dull inadequate adequate painful painless success failure imaginative unimaginative boring interesting2/ Filling the blanks:1) if she is deprived of adequate sleep2) John and Mary stayed together only for the sake of the children3) get away from the taxes4) He dropped out high school5) This is by no means the first time you have been late.6) It is time we got down to business.7) I cannot distinguish one speaker from another.8) I like to look back on my high school days9) We could tell that Robert had gone through a very difficult time.10) She shouldnt be working so hard. She is 70, after all.11) I didnt enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them.12) Id rather not go to the dance on my own. I do wish youd come with me.3.1）choice 2）secure 3）hear 4）who 5）keep 6）while 7）now 8）This 9）pressure10）expecting11）tests 12）within 13）had 14）catch 15）marks16）parents 17） obtain/get 18）teachers 19） relax 20） shapeUnit8Word combination p 3091. Spend time doing sth.2. Waste time =lose time3. Take ones time = do sth. at a moderate pace4. kill time5. save time6. pass the time即：C E B D A FWord building P 3092. relearn再学习 regain收回，重新获得 redo 重做，再做 rewrite重写，改写 rearrange重新整理 reclaim要求归还，收回 remodel重新塑造，改变replace取代 rephrase重新措辞 rejoin 再结合，在加入reform 改革 readjust 重新调整 reunited（使）再结合 rebroadcast 转播，重播 reread 再读 review 复习3.words with similar meaning：1） sense his guest were bored = felt2) dismiss the idea = ignore, disregard3） emerge from = appear4） perceive a change = notice5） recall ever meeting her = remember ever meeting her6） accelerate the growth of crops = speed up7） have the dress altered = have the dress changed8） external pressures = outside pressures9） recognized = realize10） the usual symptoms of flu = sign即：B A D A D C A A A BUNIT 91.COLUMN A COLUMN Binvention inventavailableAvailInnovation InnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster 1) observation 2) available3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation 6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity2.1) out of the ordinary2) preceded 解释：precede sb. as 在某人之前任职 succeed sb. as 继某人之后任职3) To be exact4) Contradict(ed) (与矛盾)5) Prosperity (繁荣)6) Gave birth to (产生= result in; give rise to)7) Catch our breath8) had in mind (what is desirable理想中的)9) proposed10) converted(= change)11) disastrous(a.灾害性的)12) negative 解释： 1) the fact 后接that构成同位语从句，类似名词从句，通常做主语、宾语、表语等， 在此 翻译为：他呼吸困难这种状况不是好征兆。 2) have difficulty doing sth. breathing 呼吸 3) negative : 消极的 负面的3. 1) She had hardly sat down 2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat 3) is not necessarily the most useful 4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind 5) Theres a limit on the time 6) Spend part of his childhood 7) three times as many girls as boys 8) as do most of the people who live in this village 9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere 10) Depite/ In spite of international pressureUnit10Vocabulary (p 223)1bring about bring back bring back bring in bring upA. bring down the government 推翻；削减 BHarsh anti-trade Union laws were brought in the early 1980s. 引进CFew politicians are in favor of bringing back the death penalty. 恢复D. The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country. 带来；造成E. He brought up a subject rarely raised during the course of this campaign. 提出2. go about go around do by do down go offA. Going by (遵循)what he said, we should be there by mid-afternoon.B This neighborhood has really gone down (败落)in the last few years.C The whole conference went off (进行;进展) just as we had planned.D. I want to learn German but I dont know the best was to go about (着手做) it.E. There is a story going around (流传) the office that youre thinking of leaving.3. make for make of make our make up make up forA. I dont know what to make of (了解;明白) our new teachers.B She doesnt have a natural talent but she make up for (将勤补拙) it with hard work.C.