浅析大型发电机组循环水二次滤网运行方式中英文.doc

/ /浅析大型发电机组循环水二次滤网运行方式中英文Analyses the secondary filter operation mode of circulating water of large generators in both Chinese and English 沿海大型发电机组循环水系统一般采用海水作为冷却介质，海水作为冷源循环水有诸多好处，但也饱受贝类滋生、滤网易脏污等状况的困扰。循环水进入系统前首先经过拦污栅过滤大型动植物及脏污物品，二次滤网是孔径较小的滤网，作为循环水系统的精细过滤单元，理论上可以有效缓解海水微生物等杂质对循环水管路的堵塞，冲洗方式简单方便。本文介绍了北方沿海大型发电机组循环水系统二次滤网的工作环境及特点，分析了二次滤网在运行过程中易发生的问题及其解决方案，可供北方沿海地区发电机组循环水系统的安全运行借鉴。Coastal circulating water system of large generators, generally using seawater as cooling medium, the water as the cold source circulating water has many benefits, but also suffer from the shellfish breeding, mesh easy dirt etc. Circulating water filter system, first through the trash rack entered large animals and plants and smudgy, secondary filter mesh aperture is smaller, as the fine filter unit of the circulating water system, in theory, can effectively alleviate the water impurities such as microorganisms for circulating water pipeline blockage, flushing method is simple and convenient. Northern coastal circulating water system of large generators are introduced in this work environment and characteristics of secondary filter, secondary filter was analyzed the easy problems during operation and its solutions, to the north coast generators for reference to the safe operation of circulating water system. 2.循环水二次滤网系统简介2. The secondary filter circulating water system 循环水二次滤网介于循环水泵出口至凝汽器入口之间，作为海水进入凝汽器前的最后一道屏障，作用很大，可以清除水中直径较小的脏物及海生物，防止发生凝汽器换热管路阻塞而引发的经济性下降等问题。Circulating water secondary filter between circulating pump export to the condenser entrance, as sea water before entering the condenser at the end of the barrier, the effect is very big, can remove the water dirt and sea creatures, smaller in diameter to prevent blockage and the condenser heat exchange tube road of economy and other issues. 旋转滤网主要分为两种，固定式及旋转式。固定式：网芯固定不旋转，清理污物效果差，网孔极易堵塞，清理要等待停机。旋转式：网芯旋转、清洗时靠负压反冲，该滤网清污能力较固定式强，但是当洪峰季节或水污较严重以及水中含塑料薄膜、杂草等粘附力较强的污物时，清洗效果仍不理想，如遇排污室刮板磨损严重时，清污效果更差，结构上也存在较大缺点。针对不同地区的海水特性，选型尤为重要。以DN2600卧式二次滤网为例，共14个栅格，有对称的7对，每次反冲洗一对，定时转换，操作较为方便。栅格结构排污时间一般为1050秒钟；自动间隔反冲洗运行时间根据水质决定，一般为28小时；在工作中如果发现紧急情况，可以按电柜上的红色“急停控制”按钮，切断控制回路的电源或关断主电源，停止机器的运行。当出现故障报警时，可以转换到就地手动模式处理问题，通过按“故障解除”按钮，复位系统，解除故障自锁。Rotary sieve is mainly divided into two kinds, stationary and rotating. Fixed: the fixed network core not rotating, clean up dirt effect is poor, mesh congestion, easily clean up to wait for downtime. Rotary: net core rotation, when cleaning by negative pressure recoil, the screen sewage disposal capacity is relatively fixed, but when the peak season or severe water pollution and the water with plastic film, weeds and other adhesive force strong dirt, cleaning effect is not ideal, in case drain chamber scraper badly worn, clean-up effect worse, also there is a big drawback to structure. According to different regions of water features, selection is particularly important. DN2600 horizontal secondary filter, for example, a total of 14 grid, seven pairs of is symmetrical, reverse wash a pair at a time, time transformation, operation more convenient. Grid structure drainage time generally is 10 50 seconds; Automatic backwash operation time interval according to quality decision, general 2 8 hours; If it finds an emergency at work, can according to the electricity on the red stop control button, to cut off the control circuit of power supply or shut off the main power supply and stop the operation of the machine. When malfunction alarm, can be converted to a local manual mode processing problem, by pressing the failure to remove button to reset the system and remove fault since the lock. 3.二次滤网的优缺点3. The advantages and disadvantages of secondary filter 3.1优点3.1 advantages 3.1.1操作简单。二次滤网因其型号有所差别，操作方式有所差别，但总体来说较为简单。以DN2600卧式二次滤网为例，有三种基本工作模式：就地手动、就地自动、远程自动；通过设置工作模式，可实现各种功能。自动状态下的二次滤网可以自动反清洗，人为设定冲洗时间即可，手动状态一般应用于故障处理或二次滤网较为清洁的冬季。3.1.1 the operation is simple. Secondary filter for its model number is different, the operation way is different, but in general is relatively simple. DN2600 horizontal secondary filter, for example, there are three basic working modes: manual, automatic, remote automatic on the spot; By setting the working mode, can achieve various functions. Automatic state secondary filter can be automatically cleaned and artificial irrigation time, manual state is generally applied to the fault handling or secondary filter cleaner in the winter. 3.1.2过滤精细。二次滤网的孔径与拦污栅及旋转滤网比要小得多，海水经过拦污栅至旋转滤网而后经过二次滤网，二次滤网作为最后一道屏障过滤性能要更强，DN2600卧式二次滤网的网孔直径小于5毫米。3.1.2 fine filter. Secondary filter aperture and trash rack and the rotating screen than a much smaller, the water through trash rack to rotate screen and then through a secondary filter, secondary filter as the final barrier to filter performance is stronger, DN2600 horizontal secondary filter mesh diameter less than 5 mm. 3.2缺点3.2 faults 3.2.1各个部件的跑冒滴漏严重。二次滤网的介质为海水，海水的腐蚀能力很强，对金属壁面及转动机械的腐蚀较快，常常出现门轴、压盖等部位的滴水、渗水现象，若不及时处理会造成严重漏水、二次滤网无法转动等情况。3.2.1 PaoMaoDiLou serious parts. Secondary filter medium for sea water, sea water corrosion ability is very strong, corrosion of metal surface and rotating machinery is faster, often appear gate shaft, gland and other parts of the drop of water, water seepage phenomenon, if not handled in time will result in serious leakage, secondary filter cannot turn, and so on and so forth. 3.2.2机械故障。二次滤网的转动需要有一定的动力，动力过大会造成机械连接部位的损坏，DN2600型及俄制大型机组二次滤网的机械连接部位螺栓经常断裂，需要及时检查才能发现；运行中的二次滤网冲洗或反冲洗若没有效果，可怀疑内部轴断裂或排污槽位置改变。3.2.2 mechanical failure. Rotate around the secondary filter requires a certain power, power will cause damage of the mechanical connection, DN2600 and Russian units and the secondary filter mechanical connection part of the bolt fracture frequently, check in time is needed to find; Running flush or secondary filter backwash without effect, doubt internal shaft rupture or drainage groove position change. 3.2.3材质问题。二次滤网的排污槽使用的是不锈钢材质，但易发生排污槽受压后严重变形情况，可经过加厚排污槽钢板得以解决3.2.3 the material problem. Secondary filter sewage groove used is stainless steel material, but prone to blowdown tank pressure after serious deformation, can be overcome through thickening drainage channel steel plate 3.2.4转动频次。二次滤网投入自动模式，按照设定应该是28小时转动一次，冬季及夏季控制方式可略有差别，建议夏季为自动控制，冬季脏污少时切为手动控制，冬季每8小时一次，夏季8小时两次，春、秋季视情况而定。3.2.4 rotational frequency. Secondary filter in automatic mode, according to the set rotation should be 2-8 hours, winter and summer control mode can be slightly different, suggest the summer for automatic control, smudgy when cut for manual control in winter, the winter once every eight hours, 8 hours twice a summer, spring and autumn as the case may be. 3.2.5二次滤网故障后的处理方式。二次滤网发生故障后，为防止杂物过多阻塞凝汽器管路，只能半侧停运凝汽器，打开人孔门进行检查处理，这种方式需长时间大幅度降低负荷，不利于经济运行。在处理前，可以采用关闭凝汽器单侧循环水侧入口管路入口门的方法进行返冲洗，而这种方法虽能暂时缓解二次滤网后压力问题，却不是根本办法，且存在风险。3.2.5 secondary filter after the failure of treatment. After secondary filter down, to prevent too much sundry jam condenser pipe, side only shut down the condenser, the open manhole door check processing, this way to reduce the load for a long time, is not conducive to economic operation. Before processing, can use unilateral shut down the condenser circulating water pipeline entrance door side entrance of back flushing method, and this method can temporarily alleviate the pressure of the secondary filter after problems, but not fundamental measures, and there are risks. 4.二次滤网的运行方式分析4. The secondary filter operation mode analysis 4.1正常情况下，以凝汽器管路不阻塞为最基本要求。水生物较少的季节（春、冬两季）适当减少二次滤网投运频次，如改为每天一次，可以减少滤网运行消耗。夏季、秋季增加频次，水生物最多的季节可以手动多次投运二次滤网进行冲洗。4.1 under normal circumstances, the condenser pipe is not blocked as the most basic requirements. Aquatic life less seasons (spring, winter two season) to decrease the frequency of secondary filter was put into operation, such as changed to once a day, can reduce the waste of filter run. Increase the frequency of summer and autumn, the season of greatest aquatic organisms can manually powerstation secondary screen to wash many times. 4.2二次滤网故障后的运行方式4.2 secondary filter failure after operation 外部故障：因阀门、阀杆、螺栓、法兰及电气操作盘等循环水管路外部故障引发的二次滤网停运问题，可针对原因加紧处理，处理结束后，投入运行。External faults: due to valve, valve rod, bolts, flange and electrical panel circulating water line external fault caused by the secondary filter service problems, for reason to deal with, after the treatment, in operation. 内部故障：主要指循环水管路内部滤网卡涩或不可查明的内在问题使滤网无法转动，在不半侧停运凝汽器的情况下，可考虑采用反冲洗。Internal fault: mainly refers to the circulating water pipe internal mesh unsmooth or cannot find out the inherent problem to rotate the screen cannot, without side to shut down the condenser of the case, may consider adopting reverse flushing. 冲洗方式为：关闭入口电动门，海水中的杂质会在静压的作用下掉落至二次滤网下方，使二次滤网上方畅通，从而保证循环水入口压力，在关闭入口电动门的同时可开启放水门，放掉二次滤网前阻塞物。Washing way is: the closing entry electric gate, the impurity in the water under the action of static pressure drop to below the secondary filter, secondary filter made above, to ensure that the circulating water inlet pressure, the entrance of the closed electric door flush door can be opened at the same time, the obstruction before release the secondary filter. 此种方式虽然可以有效缓解二次滤网阻塞情况，但存在以下风险：Although this way can effectively relieve the secondary filter blocking situation, but there are the following risks: 风险一：因夏季和初秋水生物较多，当关闭凝汽器入口电动门，可能存在海虹等生物附着在门体边缘，会造成电动门关闭后无法开启，虽然可以通过手动摇开阀门的方法开启阀门，但若卡涩严重会引发门体或联轴断裂，只能停机处理。Risk one: because of the summer and early autumn aquatic organisms is more, when shut down the condenser inlet electric door, and there may be Shanghai biofouling on the edge of the door, can cause electric door closed to open, while it is possible to open the valve by the method of shake hands to open the valve, but if the unsmooth or seriously will cause the hydrodynamic coupling faults, can only stop processing. 风险二：短期二次滤网故障不修理，进行关闭入口门的方法反冲洗可控制凝汽器进口压力，但长期积压，一但发生大规模堵塞，将没有手段可以控制。开启放水门放掉海生物，海生物残体有可能堵塞放水门，造成放水门无法关闭，后果很严重，而且放水量的大小可能影响汽机间水位，当阀门卡涩引发汽机间水位升高，将造成不可估量的损失，所以机组运行期间开此放水门过于危险。Risk 2: short-term secondary filter failure repair, method for closed the entrance door backwash can control the import of the condenser pressure, but the backlog for a long time, but a massive congestion, there will be no means to control. Open the drain off the sea creatures, biolog