英语四级考试听力、作文解题技巧.doc

四级听力短对话解题技巧英语四级听力短对话技巧一、 不听而猜适用于根本一点也听不懂的题1 、四个选项中：有唯一的一个结构比较复杂的选项，就是它；若有两个选项结构都比较复杂，那么含有从句（宾语从句多见）、并列或因果关系的句子优先选择。2、四个选项的结构都比较简单的话，优先选择有更多修饰词的，机率更大一些。3、四个选项中有特殊词的选项，例如：maybe、 various、 possible 、variety 、effect等（或者一些常考的高频词汇）则可能性比较大。大学英语四级写作技巧一、审题我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的是审题。审题的作用在于写作不跑题(如果跑题,条理和语言再好,也得不到及格分,甚至0 分。) 审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。就四级而言,它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。从近些年来看, 四级作文不是单一的体裁,而是几种体裁的杂合体。二、组织结构通过审题,我们知道了写作的思路,下边就是怎样组织文章。文章的结构一般包开头、正文、结尾3 部分。就四级作文而言,多为三段式论说文:第一段为开头,点题开篇;第二段为正文,展开论述;第三段为结尾,总结全文,作出结论。一般的,开头、结尾部分应见解明确,主体部分论证应全面、充分。总之,开头、正文、结尾是一篇文章的有机组成部分,切忌结构不完整或不合理。段落内部的结构通常也分为3 部分:提出观点(主题句) ,论证观点(扩展句) ,得出结论(结论句) 。三、开头文章开头的方法有很多,如引语法、主题句法、数字统计法、提问法、举例法等。就四级短文写作而言,最重要的不是采用什么方法,而是要做到以简洁的笔墨引入正题,切忌写成一个“狮子头”。如以On Automobiles 为题的文章,有的同这样开头: Automobile is a means of transporta2tion. In Jinan alone there are over 100 ,000 cars. Its estimatedthat there are at least 50 million ones in the world. It is a largenumber. From this , we can see that automobiles have become amajor kind of useful vehicle in the world.120 字的短文,开头就占用了40 多字,留给正文和结论段的篇幅和时间就很少了。何况,这段内容与汽车带来的利弊这一主题关系并不直接,其中的数字也不见得准确。因此,这样的开头不可取。事实上,上段开头完全可以写得简洁直接一些,如:As an important means of transpor2tation , automobiles are enjoying growing popularity all over theworld.四、主题句主题句是全段的核心句,可以帮助读者了解段落的中心思想,限制话题范围,并表明段落展开的方向。它可置于段首,段中或段尾。对于四级写作而言,把主题句置于段首更易于扣住中心展开论述。对主题句的运用有以下几点要求:1. 主题句应具有高度概括性,换言之就是整个段落应紧紧围绕主题句来写,不能出现与之无关的内容。2. 主题句应是个完整的句子。3. 主题句不应过于笼统,否则就失去了对整段的统帅作用。4. 主题句不应太具体,否则会没有进一步展开的空间。如: The dictionary is small 这样的句子。近年来常见的作文题型是提纲式作文,这些提纲句如果是汉语,往往可以被翻译成英语来充当段落主题句,如果是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句。例如有一年四级题目Good Health ,提纲有三条,分别是:1. Importance of good health2.Ways to keep fit3.My own practice这样的作文要求句就可以扩展成主题句。段的主题句分别为:3 It is very important to have good health. (把名词impor2tance 变成形容词important)3 There are four ways to keep fit for me. (用there be 句型)3 My own practices are the following.五、结尾如前所述,文章的结论应紧扣主题,呼应文章开头。这种呼应不是对开头的简单重复,而是主题的升华或深入。从篇幅来看,结尾应该短小精悍。常见结尾写法有:1. 总结文章主要内容,这是最常见的方法。2. 提出希望或展望未来。3. 对文章提出的观点进行反问,启发读者思考。如:An open China has realized the importance of business. Whyshould we give up this opportunity and rely on agriculture ?4. 引用谚语或名人名言印证自己观点。六、条理保证不跑题是写作中第一重要任务,第二个重要任务是条理清楚。对于议论文来说,正反面要清楚,对于说明文来说,1、2、3 条要清楚。对于描述文来说,谁干什么要清楚。举Good Health 一例。第一段保持正反面要清楚就应该这样写:主题句( It is very important to have good health) ,正面(With good health , we can. . . . ) ,反面(Without good health ,we can do nothing. We cant do . . . . . )第二段应这样写:主题句(There are four ways to keepfit) ,从几方面说明:Firstly ,we should have our breakfast in themorning. Secondly , we should have a nap at noon , Thirdly ,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. And fouth , wecould have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to themusic. . . .为了使文章更具条理性,我们可以用first (ly) , second(ly) , third(ly) 等副词,使文章的条理性突出,作文是主观性题,要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。评卷老师时间很短(每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完) 。所以我们在列条条时最好不用: To begin with , after that ,and then , the next ,the following ,at last , 因为这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。第三段应这样写:主题句(My own practice are the fol2lowing) ,具体情况(主语为第一人称代词I ,与第二段呼应)In the morning , I have my breakfast. At noon , I have a nap.And in the afternoon , I always play football . In the evening , Iusually listen to the classic music.七、常用句型1. 用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型As the graph depicts ,. . .From the cartoonPpicture , we can see that. . .Accordingly to the statistics shown in the firstPsecondgraph ,. . .The table showsPi ndicatesP reveals that. . .It can be seenPconcluded from the picturePtableP figuresthat. . .2. 用于句首提出论题或现象的常用句型Recently ,. . . has become the focus of the society.Nowadays there is a growing concern for. . .Nowadays it is common to hearPsee. . . . . has become a common occurrence in our daily life.There is an oldPpopular sayingPproverb which saysPgoes. . .3. 用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型Some people likePprefer. . . ,while others arePfeel inclinedto. . .There are different opinions among people as to . . . Somebelieve. . . while others hold. . .Some people claim that . . . is superior to. . . . Others ,however , disagree with it.Some people believe. . . Others maintain. . . Still othersclaim. . .On the contrary , there are people in favor of . . .4. 用于陈述个人观点P想法的常用句型My own experience tells me that. . .In my opinionPview , we should attach more importanceto. . .As for my own idea about. . . I believe. . .PersonallyPAs far as Im concernedPBut for mePAs re2gards me , I preferPtend to choose. . .In my view , both sides are partly right in that. . .5. 用于书信写作的常用句型Thank you for your letter of . . .Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived. . .Im writing to you with reference toPin connectionwith. . .I would like to know some information on. . .I look forward to hearing from you.6. 用于结尾的常用句型From what has been discussedPmentioned above , we mayconcludeParrive at the conclusi