UNIT 10 READING 解析與賞析.doc

UNIT 10 Reading 解析與賞析第一段1. in recent years 出現在句中，句子的時態多用現在完成式。類似的用法還有in recent months/decades/times或recently。Tai chi has become very popular in the West in recent decades.2. .Europe experienced a heat wave, which killed over 20,000 people.which帶出的是非限定用法的關係子句，補充修飾先行詞a heat wave。3. Scientists estimate that., doubling the number of weather-related deaths in the next twenty-five years.(1)S1 + estimate (+ that) + S2 + V2 估計 S2 + be estimated + to V2I estimate that the price of the necklace is over NT$5,000. The price of the necklace is estimated to be over NT$5,000.(2)., doubling the number of weather-related deaths in the next twenty-five years. ., which will double the number of the weather-related deaths in the next twenty-five years.本句是由非限定用法的形容詞子句簡化而來的分詞構句，修飾the worlds weather will continue to get worse這項預測。(3)in + 一段時間，配合時態未來式出現，意為再過時間。Ill email you in a few minutes.You will be informed of the result in a week.補充in + 一段時間用於過去式表花費時間。Linda finished her composition in two hours.第二段1. .by making the earth hotter, in a process known as global warming. .by making the earth hotter, in a process which/that is known as global warming.(1) making the earth hotter此為make + O + OC 的用法，以比較級的形容詞作為受詞補語。(2) known as global warming是由關係代名詞引導的形容詞子句簡化而來的過去分詞片語，修飾前面的名詞process。2. .the huge amounts of carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere. .the huge amounts of carbon dioxide that/which is discharged into the atmosphere.(1) discharged into the atmosphere.是由關係子句簡化而來的過去分詞片語，修飾carbon dioxide。(2) discharge sth. into sth. 排放(氣體、液體)到Automobiles discharge large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.3. power vt. 供給動力The truck is powered by a diesel engine.4. Scientists have measured not only the increased carbon levels in the air, but also the increased temperatures around the world.not only.but also.為對等連接詞，表不僅而且，連接兩個名詞片語，作為動詞measure的受詞。第三段1. Scientists have also observed changes in the north and south polar ice sheets, both of which.關係代名詞which在本句中為非限定用法，具有and (連接詞)與them (代名詞)的雙重作用。詳細用法請參考本課句型解析一。2. Some predict that it could rise so much that major cities like London, New York and Taipei could become underwater cities by the end of this century.(1) some在此為代名詞的用法，意為有些人。Some believe in ghosts.Some of you may have heard of this story.(2) could在本句表示可能性，與表示已發生之動作的過去式用法不同。其他也可用來表示可能性的助動詞還有could、can、would、will、might、may等。本課課文除了本句使用could表示可能性之外，本段下一句的If this.happens, millions will.中的will，以及第一段的Scientists estimate that the worlds weather will.中的will、第四段的The Sahara Desert., millions could.中的could、第五段的Some experts think.will humans.中的will，以及最後一段的If billions., then this current situation will.中的will，也是這種以助動詞來表示可能性的用法。I could lend you some money. Would one hundred dollars be enough?You can get lung cancer if you keep smoking like that.(3) so + adj./adv. + that-clause 如此以致於Sam is so arrogant that no one likes him.Tim ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him.文法任意門such.that.也是表如此以致於之意，such 為形容詞，可修飾名詞，常用於such (+ 不定冠詞) + adj. + 可數/不可數名詞+ that-clause的結構中。例：Henry is such a humorous person that everyone likes him.There is such heavy rain that we cannot go home now. (4) by + 時間 在之前Ill be there by six oclock.第四段1. combine sth. with sth. 混合與Mother combined eggs with flour to make pancakes.2. Scientists consider recent huge floods evidence of the excessive rainfall caused by global warming.(1) consider + O + (to be) + OC (adj./N) 視為本句受詞為recent huge floods，用來形容受詞的補語為evidence of the excessive rainfall caused by global warming。People consider Einstein (to be) one of the greatest scientists in the twentieth century.(2) caused by global warming為由that/which is caused by global warming簡化而來的分詞片語。3. by contrast 相對地 (= in contrast)A computer can solve a complex problem in seconds; by contrast, man might spend hours.補充by contrast with/in contrast to 和相比，相對於The smiling girl looked quite happy by contrast with those around her.In contrast to her brother, Jane is not interested in basketball at all.4. turn to + sth. 變成 (= turn into)The great dreams of the king turned to dust. After the heavy rain, the road turned to mud and caused pedestrians so much trouble.第五段1. .only if the worlds important nations take action will humans be able to stop the acceleration of global warming.only置於句首，與副詞(片語或子句)搭配使用時，需採用倒裝句結構(動詞置於主詞之前)。如：Only then could Brian show his capacity as manager.Only at that moment did Yvonne know how much James loved her.Only when Lisa slept could she forget the sorrow of being betrayed.2. Countries such as Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands have successfully introduced carbon taxes.(1) introduce vt. 實施，採用The government has introduced the ban on smoking in public.(2) carbon taxes 碳稅是針對二氧化碳的排放問題而設的稅目，各國通常是以化石燃料(煤、石油、天然氣等)的含碳量，或是燃燒後產生的二氧化碳排放量，做為課稅的標的。簡單來說，含碳量高(或排放量高)則課予較高的稅率；含碳量低(或排放量低)則稅率自然較低。透過這樣的方式，希望能夠達到二氧化碳排放減量的目的。挪威與瑞典在1991年開始課徵碳稅。荷蘭則於1992年開使實施。3. ., is promoting the use of energy-saving light bulbs. ., is promoting the use of light bulbs which save energy.energy-saving 為N + V-ing形式的複合形容詞。補充複合形容詞是由兩個(以上的)字所組合起來的形容詞，字詞中間用連字號來連接。常見的複合形容詞有以下幾種：1. N + V-inga peace-loving man 愛好和平的人2. N + V-ena sun-baked desert 豔陽高照的沙漠3. adj. + V-inga good-looking prince 英俊的王子4. adj. + V-ena white-painted house 漆成白色的房子5. adv. + V-ingslow-moving traffic 速度緩慢的車流6. adv. + V-ena well-known fact 眾所周知的事實7. adj. + N-eda bad-tempered boy 脾氣不好的男孩8. 數詞 + 計算單位a twenty-page report 一篇20頁的報告4. .in London, people who wish to drive their cars into the city center must pay a special charge for permission to do so.倫敦市長李文斯頓(Ken Livingstone)在2003年克服許多反對的聲音，贏得議會支持通過開徵塞車費(Congestion Charge)。他表示，塞車稅能使車流減少20%， 二氧化碳排放量減少。倫敦規定，每周一至周五(假日除外)上午七時至下午六時之間進入塞車費徵收區的汽車須繳交塞車費，當天午夜前繳交者為每日8英鎊(以1: 67.69的匯率計算，約為新臺幣542元)，跨日則須繳10英鎊(以1: 67.69的匯率計算，約為新臺幣677元)。資料來源：聯合報第六段1. .public transportation instead of cars or motorcycles.instead of 表而不是，為介系詞片語，後可接名詞、代名詞、動名詞、名詞片語。詳細用法請參見本課句型解析二。Henry usually walks home instead of driving.2. be made from sth. 意思為由製成，並且表示，在製作為成品之後，東西已經變質，不再保留原來的性質。例：Wine is made from grapes.Plastic bags are made from oil.補充be made of 同樣表由製成，但指製作為成品之後，東西仍保留其原來的性質，並未變質。例：The desk is made of wood.The stairs are made of stone.第七段1. If billions of people become activists, then this current situation will greatly improve.(1)本句為直說法的條件句，表示可能發生的事實，並非與事實相反的假設法。If Mike studies hard, he will enter a good college.If I dont go home now, I will be stuck in the traffic jam.文法任意門若要表示與事實相反或純屬假設、不可能實現的情況，則需用假設語氣之句型。以下介紹較常用的兩種：1.與現在事實相反的假設語氣：If + S +