英语片段及翻译.doc

Bikes or Cars Americans like to go out by car. Although more and more Chinese own cars,most Chinese still like to ride bicycles, This is determined by a lot of factors. As we all know, the bike advances slowly by manpower, but it can be placed wherever it is convenient However, as for the car, although it can run fast by engine, it must be parked at parking places. Most Americans live in the suburb which is far from urban areas and their working places. So they need cars to go shopping and go to work. And they also like traveling far. Thus a car brings them great convenience. On the contrary, most Chinese live near their working areas and markets. They dont need a car to go to work or go shopping. I would like to ride a bike, because it costs little and it is easy to use and wont cause pollution. 自行车还是汽车 美国人喜欢乘汽车外出。尽管越采越多的中国人拥有了汽车，但大部分中国人仍喜欢骑自行车，这是由很多因素决定的。 众所周知，自行车靠人力，行进慢，但可以在方便的地方停放。然而对于汽车来说，虽然它依靠发动机行进很快，但它必须停在停车场。 多数美国人生活在郊区，远离市区及工作地点，所以他们需要汽车来购物、上班，并且他们也喜欢驾车远行。因此汽车给他们提供很大方便。相反，多数中国人居住在工作地点和市场附近，他们不需要开车去上班或购物。 我喜欢骑自行车外出，因为它花费少而且容易使用。最重要的是自行车不会引起污染。 An Ideal Friend Friends can be classified into two kinds, good friends and evil friends. Evil friends lead us astray and may destroy our life, while good ones drive us towards the right and make our life successful. Two of them exist in our daily life. However,ideal friends exist in peoples mind. They should be diligent, successful and loyal. When you need help, they will stand beside you and be delighted to give you a hand. Also you can share your happiness and sorrow together. In my opinion, friends can share something but they also should keep their own secrets. So I wish my friends wouldnt interfere in my privacy too much. On the other hand, my friends should have Something in common with me, at the same time something special. In this way we can attract each other and learn from each other. 理想的朋友 朋友可以分为两种，益友和狐朋狗友。狐朋狗友会使我们误入歧途，毁了我们的一生；而益友会使我们明辨是非，使我们成功。 日常生活中这两种朋友都存在。然而，在人们心目中仍存在理想的朋友。这种朋友勤奋、成功并忠诚。当你需要帮助时，他们会与你并肩作战，伸出援助之手。他们还可以与你分享快乐与痛苦。 我认为朋友要分享一些东西但也要保留自己的秘密，所以我希望我的朋友不会过多地介入我的私事。从另一方面来说，我的朋友和我应有共同之处，同时又有各自的特点。这样我们才可以互相吸引，互相学习。 Keeping Water Sources Clean Who is willing to drink the polluted water? It can cause us to be ill and even to die. We cant wait for a moment to protect our water sources. The water we use comes from oceans, lakes, rivers or streams. But many of these water sources are getting seriously polluted. Towns and cities are pouring dust into the water. Many people are throwing all kinds of dirty things into the water. Factories are pouring waste material into the water. Therefore, water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use. Now it is high time that we should do something to protect our water environment from being polluted. 保持水源清洁 污染的水会使人生病甚至死亡， 有谁愿意喝这样的水呢?我们要保护水源，刻不容缓。我们用的水来自海洋、湖泊、河流或小溪，但这些水源有许多正受到严重的污染。城镇乒把大量的尘埃排入水中， 许多人正把各种； 各样的脏物投进水中， 工厂正把废物排入水中。因此，水源已经污染严重，其中一些不适合再饮用。现在到了采取措施保护水环境使其免受污染的时候了。 How to Get Along Well with Others In our daily life, we have to come into contact with people in every walk of life.Therefore, it is very important for us to know how to get along with other people. To get well along with others and win their friendships, we must observe strictly the following words. To begin with, we need to be honest with others and shouh always say what we mean. Lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run. After all,honesty is the best policy. Second, we have to be humble enough. If we are proud in public, we can hardly win others respect, not to mention friendship Finally, we must not be selfish. We should learn how to show concern for others. As long as we abide by what is mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with others. 怎样与人相处 在我们日常生活中，不免会有与人打交道的时候，所以对我们采说懂得怎样与人相处是很重要的。要想与别人很好相处，并赢得友谊，就必须做到以下所述： 首先，要诚实守信地对待别人，说谎一定会使人远离你，诚实是最好的策略。其次，就是要有足够的虚心。假如我们在公共场合自傲，我们很难赢得别人的尊重，更不用提友谊了。最后，我们不能自私，我们必须友善待人，我们必须关心别人。 当我们遵守上述所说的去与人相处，你就会发现：与人相处其实并不难。 The Way to Stay Healthy Health is most important for any of us. n order to stayhealthy, we need some common knowledge. Firsty, pay attention to the diet. Weshould eat lots of fruit and vegetables, because they are rich in fiber and Iow in fat.As a proverb says, An apple a day keeps the doctor away. So fruit is good for health.Dont have a lot of food that contains too much fat, such as butter. Meanwhile, sweetsshould be eaten in proper quantity, because too much sugar does harm to us. Dont drinktoo much coffee,either. Secondly, exercise is necessary. Regular exercise can helpus keep from getting fat. People who do running every day usually have stronger heartsthan who dont. Finally, form good living habits. We should sleep for about 8 hoursat night,and never work too hard. Over work and little sleep will lead to illness. Whatsmore, stay away from cigarettes. These are the things we should pay attention toso as to stay healthy. 保持健康的方法 健康对我们任何人来说都是最为重要的。为了保持健康，我们需要一些普通的知识。 首先，注意你的饮食。我们应该吃大量的水果和蔬菜，因为它们富含纤维素并且脂肪含量较低。正如一句谚语所说：“一天一个苹果不求医。”因此水果对健康有益。不要吃太多富合脂肪的食物，比如说黄油。同时，应当适量地吃甜食，因为糖过多对我们人体不利，也不要喝太多的咖啡。 其次，锻炼是必需的；经常性的锻炼能使我们保持身材；通常每天跑步的人的心脏要比那些不跑步的人更强壮。 最后，养成良好的生活习惯。我们晚上应该睡八小时， 不要过分辛苦地工作。 过度劳作和睡眠不足将导致生病。 而且， 不要吸烟。 以上这些方面我们都该注意，这样才能保持健康。 We Must Face Failure As we all know, Failure is the mother of success. But fewpeople can really understand what the saying means. In the world, I am sure thatno one dare say he hasnt met any trouble all his life. So we must face failure. In fact,failure is not fearful, but important thing is how to face it correctly. Facing failure,people will never take their fate lying down.They will try their best to work harderand harder until at last they succeed. Not being courageous to face setbacks, peoplehave no chance to enjoy the pleasure of success. So they have nothing to do but feelsad and empty all day and all night. In fact, they lose the chance of success themselves.My friend, whenever in trouble, please remember, Failure is the mother of success.我们必须面对失败 我们都知道：“失败是成功之母。”但真正理解这句话的人却不多。 我相信，世界上没有一个人敢说他一生中从没遇到过任何麻烦。因此，我们必须面对失败。其实，失败并不可怕，重要的是如何正确看待它。敢于面对失败，人们将不再由命运摆布。他们将全力以赴的辛勤工作，直到最后成功。 不敢面对挫折，人们也就没有机会享受成功的喜悦。他们会无所事事，终日沮丧而空虚。事实上，是他们自己把成功的机会丧失了。 朋友们，无论何时你遇到了困难，请记住：“失败是成功之母Nowadays, the phenomenon of drunken driving has arouse wide concern among the public. Especially the young generation living in metropolis, tend to drive after drinking, ignoring the fact that this behavior may pose underlying threat to their precious life and may even endanger othersGenerally speaking, there are several reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Firstly, people participate in more activities or banquets than ever before ，where they will drink strong wine.Then, they may get drunk but continue to drive.Secondly, this behavior will directly threaten the safety of drivers, passengers and pedestrians, resulting in traffic accidents, injuries and even deaths. Besides, treating the injured and repairing broken cars means a grievous waste of money, time and resources.The legal aspects to strengthen management, strict, I believe that will reduce the phenomenon of drunk driving如今，这一现象的酒后驾车引起了公众广泛的关注。特别是年轻一代生活在大都市，往往饮酒后驾驶，忽略了一个事实，这种行为可能构成潜在威胁 他们宝贵的生命，甚至可能危及他人。一般来说，有几个原因可以解释这个现象。人们参加更多的活动或宴会比以往任何时候，他们将在那里喝烈性酒。然后，他们可能喝醉了，但继续开车。其次，这一行为将直接威胁到安全的司机，乘客和行人，造成交通事故，受伤甚至死亡。此外，治疗受伤和修补破车手段严重浪费金钱，时间和资源。 因该在法律方面加强管理，严格对待，我相信会减少酒后驾车的现象74英译汉部Beauty (excerpt)美(节选) Judging from the scientists I know, including Eva and Ruth, and those whom Ive read about, you cant pursue the laws of nature very long without bumping into beauty. “I dont know if its the same beauty you see in the sunset,” a friend tells me, “but it feels the same.” This friend is a physicist, who has spent a long career deciphering what must be happening in the interior of stars. He recalls for me this thrill on grasping for the first time Diracs equations describing quantum mechanics, or those of Einstein describing relativity. “Theyre so beautiful,” he says, “you can see immediately they have to be true. Or at least on the way toward truth.” I ask him what makes a theory beautiful, and he replies, “Simplicity, symmetry, elegance, and power.” 我结识一些科学家（包括伊娃和露丝），也拜读过不少科学家的著作，从中我作出推断：人们在探求自然规律的旅途中，须臾便会与美不期而遇。一个朋友对我说：“我不敢肯定这种美是否与日落之美异曲同工，但至少，两者带给我的感受别无二致。” 我的这个朋友是一位物理学家，他大半辈子都在致力于破解群星内部的秘密。他向我讲述了当年邂逅科学之美时的狂喜：那是当他生平第一次顿悟狄拉克的量子力学方程式，或是洞彻爱因斯坦相对论的方程式时的感受。“那些方程式是如此动人，”他说道，“只消看一眼你就会明白，它们一定是正确的，或者说-至少，它们的指向是正确的。” 我好奇一个“动人的”理论是个什么样，他的回答是：“简约、和谐、典雅，有力。”Why nature should conform to theories we find beautiful is far from obvious. The most incomprehensible thing about the universe, as Einstein said, is that its comprehensible. How unlikely, that a short-lived biped on a two-bit planet should be able to gauge the speed of light, lay bare the structure of an atom, or calculate the gravitational tug of a black hole. Were a long way from understanding everything, but we do understand a great deal about how nature behaves. Generation after generation, we puzzle out formulas, test them, and find, to an astonishing degree, that nature agrees. An architect draws designs on flimsy paper, and her buildings stand up through earthquakes. 那些打动我们的理论，往往受到自然之母的肯定，其中奥妙不可言宣。诚如爱因斯坦所言：这个世界最让人费解之处就在于：它是能够被了解的。想想这一切是多么地不可思议：在一个不起眼的星球上，生存着一种拥有短暂生命的两足生物，然而，正是这些微不足道的小生物，不但测量出了光速，而且把原子层层剥开，还计算出了黑洞的引力。人类虽然尚未全知全能，但是，关于大自然的脾性，我们所知道的确实不能算少。人类经过世世代代的努力，猜想出各种定理公式，并在实践中检验它们，然后惊讶地发现：大自然竟然与我们不谋而合。这就像一位建筑师在薄薄的图纸上绘制出设计方案，依此建造的高楼大厦，竟能够经受住地震的洗礼考验，依然耸立。 Dirac: 迪拉克，保罗阿德利安莫里斯1902-1984英国数学和物理学家。1933年因新原子理论公式与人分享诺贝尔奖。We launch a satellite into orbit and use it to bounce messages from continent to continent. The machine on which I write these words embodies hundreds of insights into the workings of the material world, insights that are confirmed by every burst of letters on the screen, and I stare at that screen through lenses that obey the laws of optics first worked out in detail by Isaac Newton. 我们发射一枚人造卫星，它便帮助我们将讯息传遍世界各地。而我，正在一台机器上记录下这些文字，这台机器包涵着人类思想的精髓-对物质世界运作方式的真知灼见-每一次敲打键盘，这些真知便化为字母跳入屏幕；当我注视着屏幕，架在鼻梁上的眼镜则是根据光学原理配制而成的，而对这一理论进行详细论证的开山始祖则是艾萨克牛顿。By discerning patterns in the universe, Newton believed, he was tracing the hand of God. Scientists in our day have largely abandoned the notion of a Creator as an unnecessary hypothesis, or at least an untestable one. While they share Newtons faith that the universe is ruled everywhere by a coherent set of rules, they cannot say, as scientists, how these particular rules came to govern things. You can do science without believing in a divine Legislator, but not without believing in laws. 通过对万物造化的深入观察，牛顿相信自己正追随着上帝的笔触。如今的科学家大都摒弃了“造物主”一说，认为那是无稽的假设，即使不全盘否定，至少也认定那是不可能得到验证的假说。诚然，他们坚信牛顿的看法-世界受一套整合的法则所支配，但问题在于，发轫之始，这些法则是如何开始掌管世界的？对此，身为科学家的他们也无从知晓。在科学的疆界，我们可以拒绝相信上帝的存在，但我们不能否认万物之法的存在。I spent my teenage years scrambling up the mountain of mathematics. Midway up the slope, however, I staggered to a halt, gasping in the rarefied air, well before I reached the heights where the equations of Einstein and Dirac would have made sense. Nowadays I add, subtract, multiply, and do long division when no calculator is handy, and I can do algebra and geometry and even trigonometry in a pinch, but that is about all that Ive kept from the language of numbers. Still, I remember glimpsing patterns in mathematics that seemed as bold and beautiful as a skyful of stars. 少年时，我曾试图攀登数学之颠。可惜才到半山腰，便开始步履踉跄；空气稀薄，使我气喘吁吁，不得不停下脚步，而爱因斯坦和狄拉克的方程式却仍旧远在高处。现在的我，若是手边没有计算器，便通过心算处理加减乘除；有必要时，我还能应付代数、几何，甚至三角运算；但是话说回来，数字世界留给我的也就只有这些零星点滴了。不过，我至今仍然记得曾在数学王国里浅尝到的无穷变幻-大胆、迷人，犹如群星漫天。 Isaac Newton: 牛顿 (1642-1727) 英国物理学家、数学家。Im never more aware of the limitations of language than when I try to describe beauty. Language can create its own loveliness, of course, but it cannot deliver to us the radiance we apprehend in the world, any more than a photograph can capture the stunning swiftness of a hawk or the withering power of a supernova. Evas wedding album holds only a faint glimmer of the wedding itself. All that pictures or words can do is gesture beyond themselves toward the fleeting glory that stirs our hearts. So I keep gesturing. 每当我尝试着将美付诸于文字时，我便极为深刻地意识到：文字的力量是多么有限。语言自有其灵动可人之处，可它却无法传达大千世界的绚烂。正如一方相片框不住一只鹰的迅捷，也再现不了一颗超新星毁灭时的壮丽。伊娃的婚礼相册仅仅留存了一丝微弱的光芒，以见证婚礼现场的光鲜夺目。相片和文字能够做到的最多只是描摹那些瞬息即逝的、那些让我们心潮涌动的光芒。于是，我一直都在努力描摹。“All nature is meant to make us think of paradise,” Thomas Merton observed. Because the Creation puts on a nonstop show, beauty is free and inexhaustible, but we need training in order to perceive more than the most obvious kinds. Even 15 billion years or so after the Big Bang, echoes of that event still linger in the form of background radiation, only a few degrees above absolute zero. Just so, I believe, the experience of beauty is an echo of the order and power that permeate the universe. To measure background radiation, we need subtle instruments; to measure beauty, we need alert intelligence and our five keen senses. 托马斯梅尔顿说过，“世间造物之神奇无不令人联想到天堂乐土”，因为创世纪本身就是一出永不落幕的表演；其间芳华之美悠游自在，无穷无尽。有些美显而易见，容易为我们所捕捉，但另一些则不然：若要欣赏她们，我们得付出一点努力。宇宙大爆炸在一百五十多亿年后的今天仍余波未平，爆炸当时所释放的能量（即使这些能量看起来似乎微不足道）仍以背景辐射现象的形式存在着。由此，我得出一个观点：人类对美的体验中暗含着秩序和力量的影子，而这些秩序和力量充斥着整个宇宙空间。测量背景辐射，我们需要精密仪器；而衡量美，则需要动用我们的聪慧和所有敏锐的感官。 supernova: 超新星，一种罕见的天文现象，表现为一恒星中的绝大部分物质爆炸后，产生能放射极大能量的极为明亮而存在时间极短的物体。 Thomas Merton: 默顿，托马斯1915-1968美国天主教教士和作家，其作品主要是关于当代宗教和世俗生活的，包括 七重山（1948年）和 无人为孤岛（1955年）。 the Big Bang: 创世大爆炸按照大爆炸理论，标志宇宙形成的宇宙爆炸。(6) background radiation: 背景辐射,又名3K宇宙背景辐射，是60年代天文学上的四大发现之一，它是由美国射电天文学家彭齐亚斯和威尔逊发现的。该学说认为，大爆炸之初，宇宙的温度高得惊人。随着宇宙膨胀的进行，其温度不断降低，到现在平均只有绝对温度度（相当于零下摄氏度）左右。 (7) absolute zero: 绝对零度在此温度下物质没有热能，相当于摄氏-273.15度或华氏-459.67度。Anyone with eyes can take delight in a face or a flower. You need training, however, to perceive the beauty in mathematics or physics or chess, in the architecture of a tree, the design of a birds wing, or the shiver of breath through a flute. For most of human history, the training has come from elders who taught the young how to pay attention. By paying attention, we learn to savor all sorts of patterns, from quantum mechanics to patchwork quilts. This predilection brings with it a clear evolutionary advantage, for the ability to recognize patterns helped our ancestors to select mates, find food, avoid predators. But the same advantage would apply to all species, and yet we alone compose symphonies and crossword puzzles, carve stone into statues, map time and space. 任何人都能在一颦一笑，一花一草中体验快乐。但是，发现数学之美、物理之绝、象棋之妙的眼睛并不是与生俱来，而欣赏树木形态、鸟翼构造、或是悠扬笛声的心灵也非浑然自成。我们需要点拨和引领。纵观历史传承，这样的点拨和引领往往来自长者，籍此，年轻人学会专注；因为专注，我们领略到万千形态的美，无论是量子力学中精妙的理论，还是棉被上漂亮的拼花图案。正是出于对美的强烈偏爱，才使得人类在物种进化的追逐比拼中处于上风。因为人类能够辨识出美的事物，而我们的祖先则因循这一标准选择伴侣，寻找食物，躲避敌人。如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力，那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。然而，惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏；在我们的手中，顽石诞生为雕像，时空归依为坐标。Have we merely carried our animal need for shrewd perceptions to an absurd extreme? Or have we stumbled onto a deep congruence between the structure of our minds and the structure of the universe? 这一切究竟来源于何？仅仅是我们将本能的敏锐感知力推向了荒谬的极致，还是我们不经意间摸索到了扎根于人类思想和苍茫万物间那深刻的一致性？ I am persuaded the latter is true. I am convinced theres more to beauty than biology, more than cultural convention. It flows around and through us in such abundance, and in such myriad forms, as to exceed by a wide margin any mere evolutionary need. Which is not to say that beauty has nothing to do with survival: I think it has everything to do with survival. Beauty feeds us from the same source that created us.我相信后者是正确的。我坚信美不仅仅存在于生物学和文化习俗中。美我们身边流淌，充盈、润泽着我们的心田；而其量之充沛，形态之多变已经远远超越了进化本身的需要。我这样说并不意味着美和生存毫无干系；恰恰相反，我相信美和生存之间有着千丝万缕的联系。如果说是自然造就了我们，那么，是美通过自然滋养了我们。It reminds us of the shaping power that reaches through the flower stem and through our own hands. It restores our faith in the generosity of nature. By giving us a taste of the kinship between our own small minds and the great Mind of the Cosmos, beauty reassures us that we are exactly and wonderfully made for life on this glorious planet, in this magnificent universe. I find in that affinity a profound source of meaning and hope. A universe so prodigal of beauty may actually need us to notice and respond, may need our sharp eyes and brimming hearts and teeming minds, in order to close the circuit of Creation.无论是一朵花或是一双手，都让我们联想到美的创造力量。美让我们重拾信念-相信自然对于我们的无私恩惠与慷慨。美在人类渺小的心灵和宇宙伟大的精魂之间，化身为一座沟通的桥梁，并以此让我们不再怀疑：在这片恢宏的宇宙中，在这颗璀璨的星球上，人类的存在实为天工之作，神明之意。宇宙和人类对于美的共识，给予我生存的意义与希望。我们的宇宙中，美无处不在；她等待着我们敏锐的眼睛、充实的心灵，和泉涌般的智慧，去发现美，去回应美，由此成全造物的圆满。译者注：本文为美国当代作家司各特罗素桑达（Scott Russell Sander，1945-）所写。桑达出生于美国田纳西州(Tennessee)的孟菲斯(Memphis)。1963年，他就读于布朗大学(Brown University), 其后，又就读于剑桥大学（Cambridge University）并获得文学博士。1971年，他携妻子(就是本文一开始提到的Ruth，而Eva则是作者的女儿)迁往印地安那州(Indiana)的布鲁明顿(Bloomington), 并在那里的印地安那大学(Indiana University)任教至今。印地安那的自然风光给予他创作的灵感，他在作品中对于自然的生动细致描写充分体现出他对环境的关注。本文选自他新近出版的作品寻找希望（Hunting for Hope）。（编辑：李吉琴）The Literature of Knowledge and the Literature of Power byThomas De Quincey知识文学与力量文学托 马斯昆西What is it that we mean by literature? Popularly, and amongst the thoughtless, it is held to include everything that is printed in a book. Little logic is required to disturb that definition. The most thoughtless person is easily made aware that in the idea of literature one essential element is some relation to a general and common interest of manso that what applies only to a local, or professional, or merely personal interest, even though presenting itself in the shape of a book, will not belong to Literature. So far the definition is easily narrowed; and it is as easily expanded. For not only is much that takes a station in books not literature; but inversely, much