情态动词与虚拟语气.doc

扬中市第二高级中学高三英语备课组一轮复习语法教学案 姓名 使用时间 情态动词与虚拟语气Period One 情态动词【考点一】情态动词的基本用法 1shall(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，一般用于第二、三人称陈述句中。如:The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult. 学校制度规定，除非有家长陪伴，任何孩子不准离开学校。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。(2)用于征求对方的意见或指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。如:Has Mr Wang arrived? Yes, already. Shall he wait outside or just come in?王先生到了吗？ 是的，已经到了。他是进来，还是在外面等？2must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)，如：Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。(2)表示“偏执”“固执” 如：Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?为什么在别人正学习的时候，你非得这么大声说话呢？3Should (1)表示预测可能性，并意为“可能，(按道理)应该”。如：Its nearly 7 oclock. Jack should be here at the moment. 快7点了，杰克此刻应该在这儿了。(2)竟然，居然。 如：I am surprised that you should speak in such a way. 4would 与used towould 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动作的动词，不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。如：He would come to see us on Sundays. 过去他经常星期天来看望我们。Our company used to do business with theirs. 过去我们公司和他们的公司常有业务往来。5can 和could 的用法 (1)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。如：How could you do such a silly thing?(2)cannot.too/enough 表示“无论也不过分”“越越好”。如：You cant be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。6will与would(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would 用于过去的情况。如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he wont listen.我一再告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he never smoked ever since.约翰答应医生不再吸烟了，并且从那时起他再也不吸烟了。(2)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。7may 与might(1)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。You may as well do it at once. 你最好马上就做这件事。We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。(2)may 作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must 作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car? No，you mustnt.Must I work out the problem tonight? No，you neednt.【经典考题】1. I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay2When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we _ often go to the cinema together.Awould Bwill Cshall Dcould3For environmental reasons，we _as well take these waste products and have them recycled.Ashould Bwould Cmight Dcould4Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?No，it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now.Ashouldnt Bshant Cmustnt Dneednt【考点二】情态动词表“推测”1can 用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。如：Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.2may，might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not 意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。如：The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.莉莎可能不想去旅行，她厌恶旅行。3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。如：Hi，Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。如：The public transport in Beijing is very convenient，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city. 现在北京的公共交通非常便利，所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。【经典考题】1. You _ have a wrong number, she said, Theres no one of that name here. Aneed Bcan Cmust Dwould2I think Ill give Bob a ring. You _.You havent been in touch with him for ages. Awill Bmay Chave to Dshould3When shall we hold the meeting? It _be better to put it off until next week. Amust Bcould Ccan Dwill【考点三】情态动词+have done1can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done 多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。如：She cant have left school，for her bike is still here. The accident could have been avoided.2may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might 所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done 可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。如：I cant find my purse anywhere. You may have lost it while shopping.3must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。如：It must have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.4should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。如：Im not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.You oughtnt to have been late for yesterday class meeting，as it was so important.5neednt have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。如：I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.【经典考题】1. Her English composition is much too perfect. She _it herself，I bet. Amight have written Bcant have written Ccant write Dmust have written2Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday. Well，I_，but I had something important to do the moment. Ashould Bmust Cshould have Dmust have3Jack described his father，who _a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. Awould be Bwould have been Cmust be Dmust have been4I _have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. Ashouldnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dmustnt高考连接：1. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should2. If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not4. Some young people these days just . go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustnt B. wont C. mightnt D. shouldnt5. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen6. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting . A. will B. must C. may D. can7. What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but .A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced8. Hows your new babysitter?We ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt9. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A. can B. may C. must D. should10. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should11. Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall12. No one be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might13. If you go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will14. It be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt15. Why didnt Alex attend the party yesterday evening? He _not have wanted to see me.Ashould Bmight Ccould Dwould16. May I tell this to my close friend? No，you _.Never let anybody else know about it.Aneednt Bshouldnt Cmustnt Dcant17. Mum，I am feeling tired and sleepy now. You _so late last night.Acouldnt have stayed up Bmustnt have stayed upCshouldnt have stayed up Dneednt have stayed up18. Shopping online can save much time as you _go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers. Adont have to Boughtnt to Cwont Dmustnt19. Everyone in my class passed the exam. Oh，really？It _difficult.Acant have been Bneednt have been Cmust be Dmightnt be20. Did you punish him for losing your digital camera? Yes，but I dont think I_.Ashould do that Bneed to have done soCought have done that Dshould have done so21. It _be really cold in November in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.Ashould Bwill Cmust Dcan22. The well-dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop. Strangely enough, she _have done such a thing. Awould Bmust Cshould Dmight23. Marys score on the test is the highest in her class. Really？She _have studied very hard. Amay Bought to Cmust Dshould24. When shall we meet your cousin at the station?His plane took off 2 hours ago，and it _reach at 5 pm.Ashould Bcould Cmust Dcan25. Dont play with the dog，Jack，for it _be dangerous at times.Ashall Bshould Ccan Dmust26. “Attention, please. Whoever can answer one of my questions _receive a prize,” the teacher said in class. Amight Bshall Cshould Dwould27. Where is Lucy? I cant say where she is, but she _have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.Acan Bshould Cmust Dmay28. Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party.He _.He is a man of his word. Acould have left Bmust have left Ccant come Dwont be coming29. Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player? If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation，you _have one as a reward. Amust Bneed Cwould DshallPeriod Two虚拟语气一、状语从句中的虚拟语气 (一) if 引导的条件状语从句时态if条件从句主 句与现在事实相反动词用did(were)would /could/should /might +动词原形与过去事实相反动词用had done(had been)would /could/should /might(not) +have done与将来事实相反 动词用did(were) were to do should dowould /could/should /might +动词原形 如:1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. 2. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.4. If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.（二）：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有had , were, should时, 可以省略if倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他，如：1. If I were you, I would try it again. _, I would try it again. 2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. _ there yesterday, he would have seen the film.3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. _ tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. 注意：在省略句型中，只有had done 的had 才能省略，实义动词had 不能省。（三）错综时间条件句：假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。1. If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.2. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.3. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you _(know) what we are doing now. 4.If you _(take) my advice then, you _(现在就不会有麻烦了)5. _ her husband _(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.（四）：含蓄条件句：有时虚拟的条件不是通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 without, but for, or , otherwise等，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no modern industry.2. Without your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.练一练：填入合适的动词形式。1）Without air, there _no life on the earth. (be)2）He _ but for his teachers timely advice. (fail)3）He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he _an important meeting to attend. (have) 当堂训练：用所给动词的适当形式填空1. If you _ (speak) to him last time you saw him, you _ (know) what to do now.2. If I _ (have not ) so much work to do , I _ (not miss) the film last night.3. If you _ (hesitate) this moment, you_ (suffer) in future.4. If Mary _ (arrive) today, she must have started three days ago.5. If it _ (snow) last night, it _(be) very cold today.6. -Why didnt he come? -He _but she didnt have time. (come)7. She would put on weight but she _(not eat ) enough.单项填空1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4. _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 5. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 6. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 7. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 8. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 9. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 10. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 11. _ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today. A. If, didnt leave B. Had not, left C. Hadnt, left D. Didnt, leave12. If you _ smoke, please go outside because this is a non-smoking office.A. must B. shouldC. canD. may13. If Sanlu Group melamine to the milk, the babies too much from kidney stone. A. didnt add; would not suffered B. hadnt added; wouldnt have suffered C. hasnt added; wouldnt have suffered D. hadnt added; would have suffered14. If the printer_ break down under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense. A. may B. could C. might D. should15. I _ the poor rabbit, but I didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment. A. saved B. had saved C. could save D. could have saved16. But for your timely warning, we into great trouble. You know were friends. A. would getB. must have gotC. would have gotD. couldnt have got17. - You promised to come to my dinner party last night but you didnt turn up. - I _, but something unexpected happened just before I left. A. would like to have B. should like to C. am going toD. like to18. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用1). 在It is (was)+形容词(necessary, important, best, right, impossible, strange, desirable, advisable, essential, urgent等)+that连接的主语从句中，主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形表示虚拟，should可以省略。如：Its important that we（should）work out a plan. It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at onceIts strange that he should say so. Its right that you should think that way.2).在It is (was)+ 过去分词(表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested, settled, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised等)+that连接的主语从句中，主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形表示虚拟，should可以省略。如：It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lectureIt is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonightIt has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1).在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后的宾语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略，来表示虚拟语气。这些动词有suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等。如：The doctor suggested that he not go there The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 2). wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反）谓语动词用did(were)表示将来的愿望（与将来事实相反）谓语动词用“could（would，might）+动词原形表示过去的愿望（与过去事实相反）用“had done”或“could（would，might）+have+done”如：I wish it were true I wish you would stay a little longer. I wish you had called yesterday We wish you had come to our New Years party.3). would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。表示与现在和将来含义事实相反用动词的过去式did/were表示过去事实相反过去完成式(had + 过去分词)如：I would rather you came tomorrow. Id sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.3. 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用出现名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援