高一英语新课标(人教版)课文详解必修一-unit-1.doc

10高中英语课文详解及考点连接 必修一 Unit 1 FriendshipI. Vocabulary:II. Reading ANNES BEST FRIEND安妮最好的朋友Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 译文：你需要一位可以倾诉衷肠的朋友吗？比如倾诉你的感情和思想。【注释: whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts是定语从句，修饰限定先行词a friend，而whom是关系代词作to的宾语，用来指代前面的先行词friend; 从句中运用了tell sth. to sb.意思为：告诉某人某事； like your deepest feelings and thoughts并列列举出了everything的部分内容，也可用such as替换like,表示“比如”。】Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? 译文：你是害怕你的朋友嘲笑你呢，还是担心你的朋友不理解你所经历的呢？【注释：第一个or紧紧承接上文，与上文构成选择关系；第二个or用来连接两个并列谓语“would laugh at you和would not understand what you are going through”，表示选择关系,其中的“what you are going through”为understand的宾语从句；laugh at嘲笑；go through经历，检查，练习，遭受，完成。】Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.译文：安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种情况，所以她交了最好的朋友。【注释：make friends with sb.与交朋友】Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.译文：安妮在二战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。 Her family was Jewish so they had to hid or they would be caught by the German Nazis.译文：她的家人是犹太人所以他们必须躲藏起来，否则就会被德国纳粹抓起来。【注释：so引导的前后为因果关系；or表示“否则，要不然”； be caught by表示“被抓起来”；“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态。】 She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 译文：她和她的家人躲藏几乎25月之后才被发现。【注释：hide away意为“躲藏起来”。nearly意为“几乎，将近”，后跟确定的数字，而almost则表示模糊不定的概念，如：In the hall it was almost dark.大厅里几乎一片漆黑。before表示“在以前”，用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等就”。例如：She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释她就生气了。He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。(2)在“Itbe时间段before从句”中，意为“之后才”。例如：The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。(3)在“Itbe否定形式longbefore从句”中，意为“不久就”。例如：It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。(4)在特定的情景中，意为“趁着”。例如：I must write it down before I forget it.趁着还没忘，我把它记下来。】During that time the only true friend was her diary. 译文：在此期间，她唯一真正的朋友就是她的日记。She said, “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty”. 译文：她说：“我不想像大多数人所做的那样，只是记流水账，而是我想要我的日记成为我最好的朋友，并且我把我的朋友叫作基蒂”。【注释：set down记下；（使）放下，（使）坐下，制定，降落。例如：1）He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.他被要求根据记忆把事实写下来。2）He set me down in a comfortable chair.他让我坐在一张舒适的椅子里。3）It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定这些补充规则。a series of一系列的。例如：The post office will issue a series of new stamps.邮局将要发行一套新邮票。as引导方式状语从句，表示“像一样”。例如：1）He smiled and I smiled back, as you do. 他微微一笑，我也报以微笑，就这样而已。2）She is as tall as her mother.她和她母亲一样高。to be my friend作this diary itself的补足语。】Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.译文：现在读读她从1942年7月以后躲藏起来的感受。Thursday 15th June, 1944Dear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.译文：我想知道是不是因为我好久没有能够到外面的缘故，以至于我对一切与自然有关的东西变得如此疯狂地喜欢。【注释：outdoors adv. 在户外，作状语；而outdoor是adj.户外的，露天的，作定语。例如：1） Children like to play outdoors.孩子们喜欢在户外玩耍。2）He likes watching most outdoor games. 他喜欢观看大部分的室外运动项目。be/grow crazy about对疯狂地喜欢，对着迷。例如：He is crazy about that girl.他迷上了那位女孩。to do with:与有关；处置，对待。例如：1）I am not involved in it; it has nothing to do with me.我与这事没有牵连; 它与我无关。2）What shall we do with the drunken sailor?我们怎么处置这个喝醉的水手?】 I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.译文：我非常清楚地记得有一段时期湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的鸣唱、月光和鲜花从没能使我着迷。【注释：well“很, 相当”，相当于very,表示强调. 例如：1）The visit had been planned well in advance.那次访问很早就计划好了。2)You may well be right.很可能是你对. there was a time when:有那么一个时期。 例如：There was a time when I wanted to play truant.有那么一个时期我想逃学。spellbound adj. 入迷的；出神的。例如：The children were spellbound by the circus performance.孩子们被马戏表演迷住了。】 Thats changed since I was here.译文：自从来到这，这一切都改变了。 For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 译文：比如，一天晚上，非常暖和，为了独自能亲眼好好看一眼月亮，我就故意到晚上11点半还醒着。【注释：on purpose故意地，有目的地。如：I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made on purpose just to annoy me.我有时认为他犯的那些被信以为真的一切错误是故意为了气我。in order to:为了, 动词不定式作目的状语，该状语可以位于句首，也可以位于句子后面，但so as to引导的目的状语只能放在句子的后面，即so as to不能位于句首。如：The test questions are kept secret so as to（in order to） prevent cheating. = In order to prevent cheating, the test questions are kept secret.考试题保密以防作弊。by myself独自。 如：I live by myself.我一个人生活。】 But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.译文：可是，随着月光越来越亮，我竟不敢打开窗户。【注释：as 连词，表示“随着”。如：As she grew older, she kept more to herself.随着年龄的增长，她变得更沉默了。dare用作情态动词时后面直接加动词，即dare do;用作行为动词时后面要加to,即dare to do;不管是用作情态动词还是行为动词dare都有词形变化，即过去式为dared do, dared to do,过去式的否定式为：didnt dare do或didnt dare to do;或dared not do和dared not to do】 Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 译文：5个月之前，又有一次，黄昏时分我碰巧在楼上，突然，窗户开了。【注释：happen to碰巧，如：I happened to be out when Tom came to visit me yesterday. at dusk黄昏，如：The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关。 sb. happened to do sth. when .某人碰巧在做某事的时候，突然。】I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut.译文：直到窗户不得不关上，我才下楼。【注释：not until:直到才, 如：you dont know what you can achieve until you try.尝试后才能知道自己能成就什么。】 The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; 译文：那黑暗，那雨夜，那夜风，那闪亮轰鸣的云朵，它们完全把我笼罩着。it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face译文：那是我一年半以来第一次面对面目睹那夜色。【注释：it is the first time that sb. has done sth.某人第一次做某事。如：It is the first time that I has come to Wenzhou.这是我第一次到温州来。 注意：It was the first time that sb. had done sth.】Sadly I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.译文：遗憾的是,我只能通过悬挂在布满灰尘窗户上的肮脏的窗帘来观看大自然。【注释： hanging before very dusty windows是现在分词作定语修饰前面的名词curtains,该分词与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系是主谓关系。如： (09赣-34) The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced (09浙-7) There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating】 Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.译文：再看这外面的大自然已经没有意义了，因为大自然只有经过亲身体验才有意义。【注释：looking through these any longer是动名词短语作主语，句首的It是形式主语;look through意思为：仔细检查审查(某物)，例如：Ill look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.我要先审查一下你的建议然后再送交委员会。对(某人)视而不见，例如：I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.我对她道了声早安, 可她却视而不见径直走了过去。穿过看，例如：I looked through a telescope.我用望远镜看东西。看穿识破(某人或某事)= see through，例如：I have looked through the man; he hasnt any real learning.我已看透那个人了, 他没有一点真才实学。】6Your friend comes to school very upset. 【精提取】upset为形容词作伴随状语。【巧应用】小偷躲在角落里，担心被人捉住。The thief hid himself in the corner，_ _ _ _.答案：afraid of being caught【考题】They _the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows. AattendedBheld Cupset Dmixed解析：选C。句意：他们大喊大叫并不断向窗子扔石头打乱了会议。upset 打乱；attend参加；hold举办，容纳；mix混合。7. She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.【精提取】before conj.，意为“在之前”，常翻译为“不等就”，引导时间状语从句。【巧应用】我还没来得及与他说再见他就走了。He left _ _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：before I could say goodbye to him8. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.【精提取】there was a time when a deep blue sky，.此处when引导的定语从句修饰time。【巧应用】曾经有一段时间，不允许妇女上学。_ _ _ _ _ women were not allowed to go to school.答案：There was a time when必修一 Unit 2 English around the WorldIVocabularyII. Reading The Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.译文：在16世纪末，大约有500万至700万人说英语。【注释：at the end of ：在末尾；at the end of the day最终，到头来；be at (have come to) the end结束，完成；be at the end of到了的尽头；几至耗尽； all ends up完全地，彻底地；in the end最后，终于；by the end of:到为止。】 Nearly all of them lived in England.译文：他们几乎都住在英格兰。 Later, in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.译文：后来，在随后的一个世纪里，来自英格兰的人航行征服其它地方，因此，在许多其它国家开始说英语。【注释：because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，在句中作状语；owing to意为“把成绩或功劳归功于”,在句中作状语和表语, 如：He has made great progress in English owing to your tutorship. 而due to则是指“把失败或挫折归咎于”，在句中作状语和表语,如： Due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees.由于天气很冷, 所以我们无法去植树。 thanks to意为“幸亏”，只作状语，如：This is a great success, thanks to your help.】 Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.译文：如今，人们比以前更多地把英语当成第一、第二或一门外语。【注释：as介词，意为：当作，作为。】Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 译文：即使当地说英语的人说的不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此懂得。【注释：native speaker 说本族语的人,。native（常与to连用，指动植物）特产的，原产于；（也可以指品质）与生俱来的，天赋的，天生的。如：1）Banana is native to Taiwan.香蕉是台湾的土特产。2) He has a great deal of native intelligence, ability, charm, etc. 他天生聪明、能力强、有魅力等。even if = even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。如：I wouldnt lose courage even if I should fail ten times.即使要失败十次, 我也绝不灰心。试题： Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own.A. until B. now that C. even though D. as though】 Look at this example: 译文：看这个例子：British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?译文：英国的Betty:你愿意来看我的公寓吗？【注释：Would you like to :愿意，意欲】American Amy: Yes. Id like to come up to your apartment.译文：美国的Amy: 好的，我很想来看你的公寓。【注释：come up:走近，上来，发芽，发生，（意见、观点）被提出，（太阳、月亮）生起。如：1） He came up and introduced himself. 他走上前来作自我介绍。 2） Ill let you know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。注意：come up with表示：想出，提出。如：I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.我想提出一条建议，很快这条建议在会上被提出来了。试题：They thought about it for a long time, but still couldnt _ a solution. A. come up B. come up with C. get along with D. come out flat (英)公寓；apartment (美)公寓。Id like to : 我愿意; 我很想。如：Id like to help you with your English.】So why has English changed over time? 译文：为什么英语会随时间而改变呢？【注释：over time随着时间的过去。】Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.译文：实际上，在文化碰撞和交流过程中，所有语言都会改变和发展。【注释：meet with偶然碰到，碰到；遭受，受到；和会面。如：1）She met with an old friend at a dinner party.她在一次宴会上偶然遇到一位老朋友。2）Again and again the test met with no success.这一试验一再遭到失。3）He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他和日本首相会见了一个小时。communicate with:与联系，与交流，与沟通。如：I communicate with him regularly by letter.我与他定期通信。】 At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.译文：起初，在公元450年至公元1150年在英国所说的英语不同于现在所说的英语。【注释：at first起初，开始。spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150. 注意：过去分词作定语表示该分词与所修饰的词之间的关系式被动关系。 be different from： 与不同。考题：1. (09全I-35) Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _? A. take B. taking C. taken D. to take2. (09京-24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow3. (09申-33) With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected4. (09赣-22) _ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given5. (08湘-26) The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down6. (08赣-28) We finished the run in less than half the time _ . A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows7. (08浙-13) It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found8. (08闽-33) Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat9. (07湘-34) “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost10. (06京-28) There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added11. (06鲁-29) Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given12. (05京-32) The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid答案1-12: CACDB CDCAD CB】 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.译文：当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语则不是。【注释：more than ：与其说 不如说.。如：He is more lazy than stupid.与其说他蠢笨，不如说他懒惰。 注意：more than + 名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”，相当于not only; 如：Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。 more than + 数词，表示“超过，多于”，相当于over; 如：Therere more than 50 students in our class. 在我们班有50多名学生。 more than + 形容词/副词，表示“非常，十分”，与“very”同义； 如：In class, she is more than attentive.在课堂上，她非常认真听课。 more than + that sb. can/could do oneself. 表示“超出某人能力范围，或超出了范围”。如：The job is more than I can do myself 那工作超出了我的能力范围。 no more than意为“只有、仅仅”,相当于only； 而not more than表示“至多，不超过”，相当于at most; 试题： Mr. Brown is _ a teacher to us; we look on him as our friend. A. more than B. more or less C. less than D. more and more be based on ：以为基础。注意：可以用based on的独立结构形式作状语，类似于according to. On the base of：以为基础。试题： _ on this report, the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent. A. Having based B. Basing C. Based D. To be based at present目前，现在。 For the present现在，目前。 Be present at :出席。 Present sth. to sb.把某物作为礼物送给某人。】 Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. 译文：然后,在公元800年至公元1150年期间，由于那些统治英格兰的人先说丹麦语，后来又说法语，这样英语就逐渐变得不像德语了。【注释： become less like变得不像。 who ruled England是由who引导的定语从句，who为关系代词，代指前面的先行词those,用于指“人”。 辨析：rule, govern, control都有“管理，支配，控制”之意，当govern和rule用作“统治，控制”一个国家时，可以互换。但，rule是正式的、庄重的的用语，常用贬义，比govern更专权地管理或统治，含有专制或独裁的意味。govern指靠权力、专制或按宪法来系统地管理、统治国家、城市、机构等，含有需要知识和判断力来治理和管理的意味。control指人对事物的一般控制与约束，含有强制使其服从的意味。试题：1）Alexamder the Great _ (over) a large empire. 2) She couldnt _ herself that moment. 答案：1) ruled; 2) control 】 These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.译文：这些新定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是在词汇方面。【注释：enrich是en + rich构成的派生词，意为“使丰富”，其结构式为“en + 形容词”。 especially表示递进关系，意为“尤其是”，而specially则表示目的，意为“专门地，特殊地”。 试题：1）he despised them all, _ Sylvester.他瞧不起他们所有的人，尤其是西尔维斯特。2) I came here _ to see you.我特地到这里来就是为了看你。答案：1） especially； 2）specially。】 So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 译文：所以，到了十七世纪莎士比亚比以前能使用更为宽泛词汇。【注释：make use of利用，使用； make full use of充分利用；make good use of好好利用；make little use of 不充分利用；take full advantage of充分利用。例如：1) We should consider what use can be made of such a material. 2) In my opinion, the old shopping bag can still be made use of. 试题： 1) The money collected should be made good use _ the people who suffered a lot in this terrible earthquake. A. of helping B. to help C. to helping D. of to help 2) The manager of the company told us that very little _ was made of the waste material in the past. A. cost B. value C. use D. matter】In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.译文：在1620年，一些英国移民移到美国。 Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.译文：后来，在18世纪一些英国人也被带到澳大利亚。【注释： sb. is taken to sp.某人被带到某处。】 English began to be spoken in both countries.译文：在这两个国家开始说英语。Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.译文：最终，到19世纪这种语言稳定下来。【注释：settled adj. 不变的,不大可能改变的,稳定的. 例如：Once we get settled, we must ask the neighbours in for coffee.我们一安顿下来,就一定请邻居来家里喝咖啡。】 At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.译文：当时，英语拼写出现两大变化：首先Samuel Johnson写了一部词典，后来Noah Webster写了美国英语词典。【注释：at that time当时，在那时】 The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.译文：后者对美国英语拼写给予单独特性。【注释：the latter后者；与其意思对应的是the former“前者”； latter adj. 后者的，后半的，接近终了的； late adj. 迟的，晚到的；later adv较晚地; lately adv. 近来，最近，不久前。例如：1）Have you seen him lately?你最近见到过他吗? 2）We later learnt that this wasnt true at all.我们后来了解到根本不是这么回事。】English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.译文：现在在南亚，英语也作为一门外语或第二语言。 For example, India has