Unit12 Rollers压路机(1).doc

Unit 12 Rollers压路机12.1.1 Basic Concept基本概念Roller is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. Rollers compact the material by the pressure exerted by their rolling drums on the surface, which are suitable for most types of road construction, airfields, dam construction, harbour projects and industrial constructions. Rollers are available in several categories: trailer, self-powered and walk-behind, which are available as smooth drum, padded drum and rubber-tyred models; and are further divided into static and vibratory sub-categories.压路机是压实机械类工程车辆，用于压实道路和基础施工中的土壤、砾石、混凝土或者沥青。压路机通过滚轮对被压实材料表面施加的作用力来完成压实，它适用于各种道路施工，机场，水坝，港口以及工业施工。压路机有不同的类型：拖式，自行式和手扶式；有光轮式，凸块式和橡胶轮胎式；并且可以进一步分为静作用式和振动式。Static rollers compact asphalt pavements or soils solely by means of their own weight. The weight of the machine applies downward force on the soil, compressing the soil particles and increasing the density of soil. For this type of roller, both the gross weight of the machine and the contact area of the drums with the soil are important in determining the compactive effort applied by the roller to the soil surface. Static rollers have a fairly low penetration but achieve excellent evenness. The only way to change the effective compaction force is by adding or subtracting the weight of the machine. Static smooth drum rollers, pneumatic tyred rollers are two examples of static compaction.静作用式压路机完全依靠机器自重来压实沥青路面或者土壤。机器重量能够施加给土壤向下的作用力，以压缩土壤颗粒，增加土壤密度。对于这种压路机，影响压实效果的主要因素是整机重量和滚轮与土壤的接触面积。静作用式压路机的压实深度较小，但是有着良好的压实均匀性。改变有效压实力的唯一方法是增加或减小机器的重量。静作用光轮压路机和轮胎压路机是该类压实的两个例子。Pneumatic tyred rollers are static rollers, meaning that they compact by means of their own weight, although they additionally use the kneading effect generated by tyre deformation. The rolling and kneading effect of the pneumatic tyres produce excellent surfacing sealing results. Their depth of penetration depends on wheel load, tyre pressure and working speed. Pneumatic tyred rollers generally consist of two axles fitted with pneumatic rubber tyres, mounted on a frame. The most popular machines have three tyres in front and four in the rear (a total of seven), or four in front and five in the rear (a total of nine). The roller is used to compact asphalt for sealing purposes. It is also used to compact base, sub-base and stabilized soil.轮胎式压路机尽管采用了轮胎变形所产生的揉搓作用，但属于静作用压路机，这意味着它是通过机器自身重量进行压实的。空气轮胎的滚压和揉搓作用能够产生良好的表面密封效果。它的压实深度取决于轮载，轮胎气压和工作速度。轮胎式压路机一般由安装在车架上的带有充气橡胶轮胎的两轴组成。最普遍的形式是前三后四（总数七个轮胎），或者是前四后五（总数九个轮胎）。轮胎式压路机用于压实沥青以达到密封表层的目的，它也用于基层、底基层和稳定土的压实。Vibratory rollers apply two types of compactive effort to the materials-static weight and dynamic (impact) force. The compactive effort derived from the static weight of the roller is caused by the weight of the drums and frame. The compactive effort derived from the dynamic force is produced by a rotating eccentric weight located inside the drum (or drums). The rollers deliver a rapid sequence of blows (impacts) to the surface, thereby affecting the top layers as well as deeper layers. Vibration moves through the material, setting particles in motion and moving them closer together for the highest density possible. The trend is toward vibratory rollers.振动压路机对材料有两种压实作用力自身重力和动态冲击力。来自于压路机自身重力的压实力是由钢轮和机架重量产生的。来自动态作用的压实力是由位于钢轮内的偏心块旋转产生。压路机对材料表面提供快速连续地冲击，从而影响了上层以及深层材料。振动在材料中传递，使材料颗粒产生运动，并使它们靠近以达到尽可能高的密实度。发展的趋势就是振动压路机。Vibratory rollers come in a variety of configurations. Single drum vibratory rollers feature a single vibrating drum with pneumatic drive wheels. The drum is available as smooth for sub-base or rockfill, or padded for soil compaction. Double drum vibratory rollers are tandem rollers, which are mainly applied to compaction for asphalt road surface. They also can be used for large-scale base, sub-base and embankment fill compaction. Walk behind vibratory rollers are suitable for compacting thin layers on granular soils and asphalt. They are mostly used for small jobs, repair work and compaction in confined areas.振动压路机有多种配置。单钢轮振动压路机的特点是单个钢轮振动，轮胎驱动。钢轮可以是用于底基层或填石压实的光轮，或者是用于土壤压实的凸块式钢轮。双钢轮振动压路机是串联式压路机，主要用于沥青路面的压实，还可用于大规模基层、底基层和路堤填方的压实。手扶式振动压路机适于粒状土和沥青的薄层压实，该压路机主要用于小型作业、维护以及狭窄区域的压实。Today many different types and variations of rollers are manufactured and used to meet widely varying soil and field conditions, from granular soils to asphalt concrete. Many compactor manufacturers can p