很好 模块五 第二单元 动词的ing形式之现在分词充当形容词和副词以及现在分词短语.docx

模块五第二单元动词的ing形式之现在分词充当形容词和副词以及现在分词短语 2010-5-20 12:30:00 | By: stgmxh 2推荐Module 5 Unit 2 V-ing form as an adjective or adverb & Verb-ing phrases模块五第二单元动词的ing形式之现在分词充当形容词和副词以及现在分词短语Brief introduction (简介)The grammar items in this unit focus on the verb-ing form as adjective and adverb and verb-ing phrase. You will learn how a verb-ing can function in a sentence as the attribute, predicative and object complement and how a verb-ing can express the time, reason, result and condition in a sentence.本单元的语法主要讲述动词的ing形式现在分词和现在分词短语（动名词在上一单元中已作讲解）在用作形容词和副词以及在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。教案部分Step I. AttributeWe can use a verb-ing as the attribute.Task 1. Can you tell the use of the verb-ing in the following sentences? 1) There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. 2) She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai. 3) He rushed into the burning house.4)The child standing over there is my brother.5) The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problem.The verb-ing forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute. 现在分词在句中作_。位置为：单个分词和分词合成词一般放在被修饰的名词之_, 分词短语则一般放在被修饰名词之_.Task 2. Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ing form?1). A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. Go and take it.2).It is said that nothing that lives can be found on Mars.3).The boy who was smiling ran to his mother.4).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank.5).The young man who is looking at the map is lost.6).The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments.Sample answers:1). A waiting taxi is around the corner. Go and take it.2). It is said that no living things can be found on Mars.3). The smiling boy ran to his mother.4). The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank.5). The young man looking at the map is lost.6). The man performing in the street can play five musical instruments.Step II. PredicativeWe can use a verb-ing as the predicative.Task 1. Can you tell the use of the verb-ing in the following sentences? 1) This destruction is frightening.2) The argument is very convincing. 3) This food smells inviting.4) The news that the Chinese team won 51 gold medals in the Olympics games was encouraging .The verb-ing forms in these sentences are all used as the predicative. They follow linking verbs .现在分词在句中作_, 表示主语所具有的_, 类似常见的分词有_rewarding, frustrating, puzzling, annoying, embarrassingStep III. Object complementWe can use a verb-ing as object complement.Task 1. Can you tell the use of the verb-ing in the following sentences?1)I watched the athletejumping from the diving board into the swimming pool.2)The boy looked out of his window and saw a manentering his neighbourings house.3)I heard someone playing the violin in the next room.The verb-ing forms in these sentences are all used as the object complement. A verb-ing form may be used after verbs like see, watch, notice, hear, feel, keep, leave and have/get as an object complement.现在分词通常作一些感官动词的_, 例如：see/hear/notice/watch/find/look at/listen to, 还有一些常用的动词如：catch /leave/keep/ /have/set/get/send/spend/wasteTask 2. Translation.1). 在地震时，你能感到地板在摇晃。You can feel the floor shaking in the earthquake.2). 很抱歉让你久等了。Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.3). 学生们把纸片扔得到处都是。The students left the paper lying here and there. 4). 你能让这辆车发动起来吗？Can you get the car starting?5). 这个失踪的小孩最后一次被看到时是在河边玩。The lost child was last seen playing by the river.Task 3. Passive voice in the object complement.1) You can feel the floor shaking in the earthquake. (passive vioce)The floor can be felt shaking in the earthquake.2) The students left the paper lying here and there. (passive voice)The paper was left lying here and there.在使用主动语态的句子中，现在分词被称为宾语补足语，而在使用被动语态的句子中，现在分词则被称为主语补足语。现在分词作补足语时表示动作正在进行或重复性，而不定式则表示动作的一次性或结束。 体会下面两句话：We saw the boy enter the empty house.我们看见那个男孩进了那间空房子。We often saw the boy entering that empty house.我们经常看见那个男孩进出那间空房子。Step IV. A verb-ing used after verbs like stand, sit and lieYou may notice that a verb-ing can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.Task 1. Can you tell the use of the verb-ing in the following sentences?1) The girl lay in bed reading her favorite novel. 2) The boy sat at the table eating his breakfast.3) The man sat on the sofa watching TV.在stand, sit, lie后的现在分词作_状语，相当于一个并列句。Task 2. Can explain the verb-ing phrases in English, using while or and.1) The girl lay in bed reading her favorite novel. = The girl lay in bed while she was reading her favorite novel.2) The boy sat at the table eating his breakfast. = The boy sat at the table while he was eating his breakfast.3) The man stood at the window watching the people in the street coming and going.= The man stood at the window and watched the people in the street coming and going.Step V. A verb-ing has a perfect form.Task 1. Can you tell the different forms of a verb-ing? Take do for an example.一般式 doing否定式 not doing被动式 being done完成式 having done完成被动式 having been doneTask 2. Can explain the perfect form of the verb-ing in English, using after, when or because.1) Having finished his homework, he went out to have sports.After he had finished his homework, he went out to have sports.2) Having worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time. After / Because I have worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time.3) Having been cooked too long, the vegetables didnt seem so inviting. Because they had been cooked too long, the vegetables didnt seem so inviting.Step VI. Verb-ing phrases can express time, reason, result and condition.Task 1. Can you tell the use of the verb-ing in the following sentences? 1) Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. (time)2) Having plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays. (reason)3)The European football is played in more than 80 countries,making it become the most popular sport in the world. (result)4) Working hard, we can achieve success. (condition)Task 2. Can you rewrite these sentences ,using clauses introduced by when, after, ,because, ,as a result, or if .1). When I ask around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.2). Because she had plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.3). The European football is played in more than 80 countries. As a result, it has become the most popular sport in the world.4). If we work hard, we can achieve success.Step VII. Other Rules1. We can also use the pattern conj.+verb-ing to express the time.Task1: Change the underlined part into a clause.1) When waiting for the bus, he read the newspaper.When he was waiting for the bus, he read the newspaper.2) While building a tunnel through the mountain, the workers discovered an underground lake.While they were building a tunnel through the mountain, the workers discovered an underground lake.3) Once coming, you should join us in working.Once you come, you should join us in working.4) Whenever passing the school, I could always hear the children reading.Whenever I passed the school, I could always hear the children reading.现在分词作时间或条件状语时，之前的连词可以_, 如when, while, once, whenever, if, as if,until,after,before,since等,其意义与不使用这些词基本一致。2. The understood subject of a verb-ing phrase is usually the same as the subject of the main clause.Task2: True or false.1) Knowing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. (T )2) Seeing from the tower, our city looks really beautiful. ( F )3) Suffering from a bad cough, the doctor advised him to quit smoking. ( F)4) The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home.( T )5) Hearing the news, her face lit up. ( F )6) While cleaning the window, her finger got hurt. ( F )状语从句中现在分词的逻辑主语通常与主句的主语_。若不一致，可在分词前加上名词或代词的主格作分词的逻辑主语。例如：If whether permits,the game will be on Sunday. 天气允许的话，比赛就在星期天举行。 可改为：Whether permitting,the game will be on Sunday. When spring comes,the fields are full of life. 当春天来临，田野里生机无限。可改为: Spring coming, the fields are full of life. As all the tickets had been sold out,we had to wait for the next months show. 因为所有的票都卖完了，我们只好等着看下月的演出了。可改为：All the tickets having been sold out, we had to wait for the next months show.一些特定的分词作状语时，如generally speaking 一般说来strictly speaking 严格来讲judging from(by) 根据判断considering 鉴于；考虑到；由于；就而言taking into consideration 鉴于；考虑到；由于；就而言talking of 说起,提及concerning 关于respecting 关于，至于regarding 关于，至于providing(