2012年考研阅读文章T1精读——解析版.docx

老周的考研 | 考研真题精读2012年考研阅读文章精读解析版Text 1Come onEverybodys doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no gooddrinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book, Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.* half invitation and half forcing 半邀请，半强迫* lead to 导致 * contend that声称;争辩;主张= assert, maintain, hold, claim, argue, insist, state, declare* the power of group dynamics 集体动力学的力量* to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world 帮助个体改变他们的生活，并且有可能改变世界Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.* the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖得主* offer a host of examples 提供了大量的例子* set out to do sth开始;着手 If you set out to do something, you start trying to do it.* initiative原先最基本的意义，是“主动”。在此处，表示一件带有崭新首创性质的行动方案。* recruits young people 招聘年轻人* promote 促进；增进；提倡 If people promote something, they help or encourage it to happen, increase, or spread. You dont have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please dont smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagersteenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.* The idea seems promising 该观点似乎很有希望* a perceptive observer 一个敏锐的观察者* he lameness of many public-health campaigns 很多公众健康运动的不足之处* spot-on完全正确的;准确的 Schools were told their exam information had to be spot-on and accurate.各学校接到通知，要求考试信息必须准确无误。* fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits 未能动员朋辈压力来传播健康习惯* demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of sth 展示了对于某事严重错误的理解* aimed at doing sth 旨在做某事* teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in 青少年希望的不过是融入* convincingly 令人信服地 * so skilled at applying peer pressure 如此熟练地使用朋辈压力But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.* on the general effectiveness of the social cure 关于社会治疗的整体有效性* less persuasive 不那么有说服力* irrelevant detail 无关细节* The most glaring flaw 最明显的缺陷 * produce lasting changes 产生长久变化Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habitsas well as negative onesspread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.* Theres no doubt that 毫无疑问* exert enormous influence on our behavior 对我们行为带来巨大影响* An emerging body of research shows that最近大量的研究表明* we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day 我们无意识地模仿我们每天看到的行为Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And thats the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.* Far less certain 难以确定的是* steer引导，指导(某人采取某种行动或态度) I think you are perfectly correct in trying to steer your mother towards increased independence.我认为你试图引导你母亲变得更加独立是完全正确的。* virtuous 有道德的* engineered from the outside 外力所促成的测试：1. half invitation and half forcing ， 2. lead to 3. contend that 4. = assert, maintain, hold, claim, argue, insist, state, declare5. the power of group dynamics 6. to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world 7. the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize 8. offer a host of examples 9. set out to do sth 10. initiative 11. recruits young people 12. promote 13. You dont have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth. 。14. The idea seems promising 15. a perceptive observer 16. he lameness of many public-health campaigns 17. spot-on 18. Schools were told their exam information had to be spot-on and accurate. 。19. fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits 20. demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of sth 21. aimed at doing sth 22. teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in 23. convincingly 24. so skilled at applying peer pressure 25. on the general effectiveness of the social cure 26. less persuasive 27. irrelevant detail 28. The most glaring flaw 29. produce lasting changes 30. Theres no doubt that 31. exert enormous influence on ou