高中英语语法--动名词的用法.doc

Section IV：Grammar【高效学习指导案】A级目标：动名词作主语和宾语的基本用法。B级目标：对比动名词与不定式作主语和宾语时的不同。C级目标：动名词的复合结构。自我确定目标： （级别） 理 由 学习方式 【难点问题预设】：1教学难点：动名词与不定式作主语和宾语时的不同以及动名词复合结构。2.自己认为本课学习难点： 3.学习难点何在： 【高效预习探究案】预习思考题观察以下句子，注意划线部分的结构及其在句中所充当的成分。例：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（动名词seeing作主语）1) It is no good arguing with her. 跟她争论是没有好处的。2) I cant stand being treated like that. 我受不了被那样对待。3) He insisted on carrying out the plan.他坚持实施这个计划。4) Mary s being late again made her teacher angry. 玛丽再次到使老师很生气。 5) Would you mind my / me opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗？我的发现：V-ing 形式在句1）中作_,在句2）和句3）中作_，句4）、句5）中的V-ing 形式为_的复合结构，其形式为_，在句中可充当_。【重难点合作探究】语法突破动词-ing形式包括： 动名词和现在分词两种形式。1）动名词具有名词的句法作用，即在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、补语或定语等。如： Speaking without thinking is shooting without aiming. 不考虑就讲话，等于是射箭没有对准靶。（Speaking主语，thinking和 aiming介词宾语，shooting表语） He loves his job, teaching. (teaching同位语) I have to improve my working method. (working定语)2）现在分词具有形容词和副词句法作用，即常在句中作定语、状语。如：Do you know the girl standing there? 你认识站在那儿的那个女孩吗？ Not being invited to the party, she felt a little upset. 没被邀去参加晚会，她感到有点儿难过。动名词的句法功能 动名词做主语（） 动名词做主语通常有两种位置：一种是直接位于句首；另一种是用形式主语it代替，而将真正的主语动名词移到句尾。如： Doing nothing means death. 无所事事意味着死亡。 It is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了哭也没用/覆水难收。（） 动名词做主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念，即泛指某种行为或动作；不定式做主语通常表示具体动作或具体意义。 Talking mends no holes. 空谈于事无补。 To be invited to the party is a great honour for me.能被邀请参加这个聚会我很荣幸。 动名词做宾语(1)有些动词后通常只接动名词作宾语，常见的有：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, keep, avoid, imagine, practise, suggest, risk, consider, appreciate, admit, deny, escape, stand等。 He finished reading the novel last week. 他上星期把这本小说读完了。 Would you mind opening the door? 你介意打开门吗？ I tried to avoid making the same mistake. 我尽力避免犯同样的错误。（2）英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v.-ing 形式作宾语。常用的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to , be worth 等。如： Have you thought of spending your holiday with us? 你考虑过和我们一起度假吗？ Im looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。 He has got used to living in the countryside. 他已经习惯住在乡下。（3） 常用v.-ing形式的几个句型：It is no use (good / fun / a pleasure / a waste of time) + v.-ingThere is no point (in) + v.-ingbe (well) worth + v.-inghave difficulty / trouble / fun / problems ( in ) + v.-ing eg. There is no point objecting. 反对也没有用。 It is a waste of time trying to explain. 设法解释是浪费时间。(4)有些动词后面既可以跟动名词，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同。 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget to do sth., 忘记去做某事 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾地做某事 try to do sth. 努力（企图）做某事 (5)在表示“需要”的动词如need, demand, want, require等后接动名词的主动形式表被动意义，也可用不定式的被动形式来表示。如： These shoes need repairing/to be repaired. 这些鞋需要修补。The sick boy required taking good care of/to be taken good care of. 这位生病的男孩需要很好的照顾。动名词复合结构其形式为：逻辑主语+动名词（较正式用法：逻辑主语用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；非正式用法：逻辑主语用名词普通格或代词宾格）。此结构多在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。（1）I like his/Toms singing. （= I like him/Tom singing.） 我喜欢他/汤姆唱歌。（2）My forgetting his name was embarrassing.我忘了他的名字，使我非常尴尬。（3） I cant bear him/his staying up so late. 我不能忍受他这么晚睡。熟能生巧（Practice makes perfect.） I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. There is no point _(tell) what will happen. 2. Its no use _(argue) with Tom because he will never change his mind. 3. I think Ill have to give up _(play) football because of the coming exam. 4. They are considering_(go) to Hainan for the summer holiday. 5. The cat ran away to avoid_(catch). 6. We all regretted _(dismiss) him after we knew the truth. 7. The car is dirty and wants_(clean). 8. The girl practises_(play) the piano for 2 hours per day. II. 完成句子 1. 这本书很值得一读。The book is .(worth)2. 他一再犯同样的错误使得父母很失望。 again and again made his parents very disappointed.(make)3. 拒绝再次尝试就等于是拒绝成功。Giving up another try means .(give)4. 学了不用是不行的。It is no good (learn)5. 在有些场合不知说什么也许是因为没有什么可说的。at certain occasions may be because there isnt anything to say.(know) 6. 听到这个消息，他高兴地跳了起来。Hearing the news, he with joy.(help)7. 在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。I had great difficulty on the menu in that restaurant.(find)8. 如今，保持健康饮食很重要。Nowadays is of great importance.(keep)9. 对我们大多数人来说，被北京大学录取是很大的荣耀。To most of us, is a great honour.(admit) 10. 他谈过有危险。He spoke of .(be)11. 她大半辈子的时间都用来照顾别人了。Most of her life for others.(spend)12. 我确实很享受与你的家人共进晚餐的快乐。I did enjoy with your family. (have)13. 在热水中加一茶匙辣椒据说能改善血液循环、让身体暖和起来。A teaspoon of cayenne pepper is said and add warmth to the body.(improve) 14. 我们不