Book10_U1_重点词汇解.doc

U1重点词汇讲解put pressure on 给施加压力put pressure on sb. to do sth. 给某人施加压力做某事，迫使某人做某事Industrial development has put (great) pressure on the environment. 工业发展已给环境带来了（巨大的）压力。Their parents were putting pressure on them to get married. 他们的父母正对他们施加压力，要求他们结婚。拓展：under pressure from 在来自的压力下pressure sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事on top of 另外，此外；在顶部，在最上面；（危险或威胁）非常接近，逼近He gets commission on top of his salary.他除了薪水之外还拿佣金。Put this record on top of the others.把这张唱片放在其他唱片上面。The truck was almost on top of us.那辆卡车几乎把我们撞倒。claim vt. 要求（拥有）；索取；认领；宣称；声称；断言；赢得；取得；夺走，夺去（生命）n. 声明；宣称；断言；（财产、土地等的）所有权；（向公司，政府等的）索赔；索款claim responsibility/ innocence/ credit声称有责任/无辜/有功劳claim benefit/ an allowance/ damages申领救济金/补助/赔偿金The earthquake claimed thousands of lives/ victims.地震夺去了数以千计的罹难者的生命。It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.有人断言有些医生每周工作80个小时。Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease.医生们宣称已经发现了治愈这种病的方法。After the Dukes death, his eldest son claimed the title.公爵死后，其长子要求继承爵位。The issue of a united Taiwan continues to claim our undivided attention.台湾统一这一问题值得我们继续密切关注。The singer made a claim that they would not leave the band.歌手声称他们不会离开乐队。a claim for $2000索赔两千美元His claim to ownership is invalid.他对所有权的声明是无效的。target(1) vt. 将作为目标(2) n. 攻击对象；目标missiles targeted on American and European cities.瞄向美国和欧洲城市的导弹。The sales campaign is targeted at the youth market.销售活动以年轻人市场为目标。Ive set myself a target of saving $20 a month.我给自己定了每月存20美圆的目标。a target area/ audience/ group/ market特别针对的领域/听众/群体/市场at risk 处于危险状态The future of the whole company is at risk now.现在整个公司的前途正处在危险状态。He saved the child at considerable risk to himself/ to his own life.他冒着极大的生命危险救了那个孩子。拓展：at ones own risk 自担风险put at risk 冒之风险at the risk of doing sth. 冒着干的危险take/ run the risk of doing sth. 冒着之险risk doing sth. 冒险做If you do so, you will put your own life at risk.如果你这样做，你会使自己的生命受到威胁。I wouldnt run the risk of losing my job and my fame.我不能冒失去工作和名誉的风险。Do you think the mountain is worth risking climbing?你认为值得冒险爬这山吗？without doubt毫无疑问without doubt=beyond doubtHe is without/ beyond doubt the cleverest student Ive ever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。She is without/ beyond doubt a great musician.她无疑是一位伟大的音乐家。拓展：I dont doubt that 我不怀疑I doubt whether/ if 我怀疑是否I have no doubt that 我不怀疑I have some doubt whether 我怀疑是否There is no doubt about 毫无疑问no doubt 无疑，很可能No doubt shell call us when she gets there.她到达那儿时必定会我们打电话。I have no doubt that I have made a good decision.我不怀疑我做出了一个好的决定。switchn. 开关，闸；（尤指突然彻底的）改变，转变vi, vt. （使）改变，转变，突变；交换，对调press the on/ off switch按通断开关make a switch from learning to teaching从学习到教授的转变a switch in method/ policy/ opinion主意/政策/观点的改变switch the conversation to a different topic改变谈话的话题Could you switch the TV over?你能把电视换个台吗？Parents and children should switch roles (with each other) occasionally.父母和孩子之间有时应互换角色。You drive first and then well switch round/ over.你先开车，过会我们轮着开。switch on/ off the gas/ light开/关煤气/电dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的；随而定的be dependent on/ upon sb./ sth. (for sth.) 依靠的；依赖的be dependent on/ upon sth.= be addicted to sth. 对有瘾的be dependent on/ upon sth. 受的影响；取决于You cant be dependent on your parents all your life.你不可能一辈子靠父母生活。to be dependent on drugs/ alcohol有毒瘾/酒瘾A childs development is dependent on many factors.孩子的成长受多种因素的影响。in debt 负债拓展:get into debt 负债be out of debt 不负债pay off debts 偿清债务be in sb.s debt 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人repayvt. 偿还；报答，回报；值得to repay a debt/ loan偿还债务/贷款How can I ever repay you for your generosity?你对我这么慷慨，我怎么才能报答你呢？The report repays careful reading.这份报告值得仔细阅读。interest vt. 使感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好；利息，利润I shall be interested to know what happens.我很想知道情况会怎样。I find no interest in such things.我对这些不感兴趣。His two great interests in life are music and painting.他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。These reforms were in the best interests of local government.这些改革对地方政府最有利。拓展：have an interest in sth./ in doing sth.对某方面有兴趣（关心）；在中有股份、权益等develop/ find/ feel interest in sth./ in doing sth.在某方面培养/有兴趣show/ take (an) interest in sth./ in doing sth.对表示关心（有兴趣）lose interest in sth./ in doing sth.对某方面失去兴趣be interested in sth./ in doing sth.对感兴趣（关心）比较：advantage, benefit, interest与profit四个词语的意思都表示“优势”、“好处”、“利益”，但是区别较大。advantage 这个“好处”往往是由条件、地位优越于其他人和事物而获得的“好处”或“利益”， 不是指物质方面的好处。It will be a great advantage for you to practice spoken English before you go to America.在去美国之前练练口语对你是有好处的。profit “利润”、“赢利”，着重强调经济上的好处。He sold it at a considerable profit.他以相当可观的利润把它出售了。interest 可以指“利息”也可以指“利益”。（注意表示“利息”时只能用单数）。I am speaking entirely in your interests.我说的全都是为了你好。benefit 的意思比较广泛，泛指物质或精神方面的好处。I have read the book several times and benefit much from it.那本书我读了多遍，从中获益不少。We do not derive any benefit from the work.我们并不从这项工作中获得任何利益。weaken vt.& vi. （使）变弱，削弱The team has been weakened by injury.这个队因伤实力削弱。She felt her legs weaken.她觉得两腿无力。You must not agree to do it. Dont weaken.你们一定不能同意做这件事。别心软。拓展：“-en” 为后缀，表示（1）“使；使成为；变得”，如：blacken 使变黑 sadden 使悲伤（2）“由制成的；像一样的”，如wooden 木制的 golden 金的Squeezen. 拮据，紧缺；挤压 v. 挤压；威胁；给造成财务困难a credit squeeze/ economic squeeze贷款紧缩/ 经济拮据Shes just lost her job, so she is really feeling the squeeze.她失业了，所以她真正感到了经济困难。give the tube of toothpaste a squeeze挤牙膏a squeeze of lemon in your drink在你饮料中挤入柠檬汁squeeze the water out (of the cloth)把（布里的）水挤干squeeze through a crowd挤过人群There were already 40 people in the bus, but he managed to squeeze in.公车上已经有40个人了，但他还是挤了进去。Can you squeeze past/ by?你能挤过去吗？Ive a busy morning but I could squeeze you in at 10.15.我忙了一早上，但还是能挤出时间在十点一刻见你。casual adj. 随意的，非正式的；不经意的，漫不经心的His attitude to his job is rather casual.他的工作态度不太认真。Would you like some dress shoes, or just casual ones?你想要出客穿的鞋还是便鞋？I am familiar with the casual atmosphere in the company.我对公司中这种放松的氛围感到很熟悉。a casual meeting 不期而遇a casual glance at a book胡乱看一本书meet sb. casually巧遇某人casually dressed穿得很随便casually employed短期雇佣的show off 炫耀The child was eager to show off his new toy.那个孩子急于炫耀他的新玩具。Do stop showing off- its embarrassing.快别卖弄了太难为情了。拓展：show sb. around/ round 带领某人参观show up出现；揭露；使清晰show-offn. 爱炫耀的人bare adj. 不加掩饰的，不加发挥的；赤裸的，无遮蔽的a bare hillside光秃秃的山坡He came in with his bare hands.他空手走进来。We barely had time to catch the train.我们差点没赶上火车。He can barely read or write.他勉强能读写。The room was barely furnished.这房间陈设简陋。put into practice将付诸实施Shes determined to put her new ideas into practice.她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。How will you put your plan into practice?你要如何把你的计划付诸实施？拓展：in practice 实际上，事实上Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。power vt. 给提供动力，驱动 n. 能力，力量；权力；功率，动力The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。The power of the governments has increased greatly over the past century.近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大增强了。He turned on the power and the machine worked.他打开电源，机器就工作了。拓展：come into power/ in power 掌权beyond/ out of power 不能胜任的比较：power, strength与force这三个词都有“力”的意思，但使用范围不完全相同。power “力”，含义最广，指政治力量或能力。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，可指体力、力气。The boy gathered his strength to get up.那个男孩聚集力量站了起来。force 也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成某事而使用的力量，也可指武力。It took him great force to lift the big stone.举起那块大石头花费他很大的力气。push for 努力争取push for sth./ push sb. for sth.The group is pushing for a ban on GM foods.集团正强烈要求取缔转基因食品。Im going to have to push you for an answer.我将不得不催促你的答复了。拓展：push forward 推行（计划）push back 推迟，延迟push on 继续前进（或进行活动）heat n. 热 vt. 给加热Heat rises.热空气上升。You should not go out in the heat of the day.你不应该在天最热的时候外出。Heat the oil and add the onions.把油烧热后加入洋葱。The system produced enough energy to heat several thousand homes.系统产生的能量足以给几千户人家供暖。Transmitvt. 传输，传送; 传播，传染signals transmitted from a satellite从卫星传送来的信号The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.典礼通过卫星向五十多个国家进行了实况转播。Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children.父母自己的恐惧有可能在无意中感染了孩子。练习一、 首字母填空完成句子。1. Rice is grown in his area where it has a very heavy r_.2. Jane and Mary dont live in the same city, however, they manage to meet twice y_.3. There is no p_ to be gained from endlessly discussing whose fault it was.4. They believe the car will remain a leading means of city travel in f_ the future.5. Some houses are designed to be smart and others have smart designs, as they are the works of different d_.6. Fresh air, enough exercise and nutritious food c_ to sound health.7. Mr. Smiths c_ attitude annoyed her deeply.8. He has many i_, including books and music.9. We will never w_ our efforts in the face of difficulty.10. Success is d_ on your efforts and ability.二、 根据中文填空完成句子。1. In general, old people in that country still firmly stick to their _ (传统的) ideas.2. The _ (尊严) of occasion was lost when he fell down the steps.3. According to the agreement, the _ (利息) shall be divided into three equal shares.4. These after-class activities have brought out the _ (创造力) in the students in No.1 High School.5. I am familiar with the _ (放松的) atmosphere in the company.6. The birth of the twins put _ (压力) on the couple to find a bigger flat.7. You cant be _ (依靠) on your parents all your life.8. He had a _ (权利) to visiting his daughter on his former wife.9. The commission is calling for a _ (全球的) ban on whaling.10. The dates of the last two exams have been _ (调换).三、 选词填空完成句子。severityelectricitysqueezerepaytargetbarepowerpush forin debton top of1. _ everything else, my cars been stolen.2. The tractor is _ by a diesel engine.3. How can I ever _ you for your generosity?4. He _ her hand and smiled at her.5. He died heavily _ so that his son had to work hard.6. The chances of a full recovery will depend on the _ of her injuries.7. The company has been _ by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials.8. Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers of the USA, discovered _ while flying a kite during a thunderstorm.9. The walls were _ except for a clock.10. They are _ the electoral reform.四、 用所给词语编写故事。dependentswitch squeeze claimbarepush forcontribute to putinto practice at risk without doubt参考答案一、首字母填空完成句子。1. rainfall2. yearly3. profit4. foreseeable5. designers6. contribute7. casual8. interests9. weaken10.dependent二、根据中文填空完成句子。1. conventional2. dignity3. interest4. creativity5. casual6. pressure7. dependent8. claim9. global10.switched三、选词填空完成句子。1. on top of2. po