汉译英第六篇.doc

汉译英第 6篇原文得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。讲解表示亲属的词的词义的范围的对比：哥姐许多同学译为了单数：elder brothers and sisters，但是在解放前一般兄弟姐妹很多，所以译成复数合理的可能性更大些。有同学为了避免单复数的问题采用了sibling: one of two or more individuals having one common parent, 但是sibling更适合在伦理学、社会科学方面。堂表弟兄：可选的范围比较大，很难做出抉择, 因为这个词包括堂兄（paternal uncles elder son）、堂弟(paternal uncles younger son)、姑表兄(paternal aunts elder song)、姑表弟。究竟指谁，无法确定。英语语义场包含的成员少，而汉语包含的比较细致。比如说：uncle：叔、伯、舅父、姑父。但是实际上我们在看英语文章的时候却从来没有为了理解这个词而大伤脑筋，一是因为我们往往只需要知道他是一个长辈就可以了，或者只需要知道他与父母的亲缘关系就可以了，而这些往往通过上下文都是可以猜出来的。在翻译这个词上，为何大多数同学不知所措，因为他们忘了这个词在篇章中究竟是做什么用的。这个词的使用并非要分清参加宴会的亲属具体都有谁，性别是什么，与父母双方的关系是怎样的，原文的意图是想将同辈亲属的喜气洋洋与自己的郁郁不得志做对比，所以译为cousins就非常合适，因为英语中的cousin可指堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹。而哥姐译成brothers and sisters也就可以了。汉语量词的翻译汉语量词的使用远远比英语丰富得多，汉语量词与数次结合使用不仅提供的事物的数量，还表现出事物的形状及种类、情感因素等，如一口剑，一小撮坏人。而英语一件家具：a piece of furniture. 一条新闻：a piece of news, 一块肥皂: a cake of soap. 而一把椅子: a chair.所以汉语的量词翻译成英语之后，往往要淡化。而许多同学将“一幢小房子”翻译为：a block of little house. 就显得不好，因为英语的block是指一排房子或者大楼、大厦。比如：a block of offices, a block of apartments汉语表示情感的量词，如一股，一阵可以用a wave/fit/flood of anger. 而一片大笑、一阵掌声等数量词往往是为了加上后构成四个音节，说起来伤口：The room exploded with laughter/Spectators break into applause. 汉语比喻的英译许多同学在翻译“百花怒放”“宾客云集”“穿插其间”这些短语时，望文生义，不顾语境。不顾表达习惯A hundred flowers angrily opened. The guests gathered like cloud. Penetrate and insert in it.比如说“横行霸道”在英语中有很多表达方法：rage, run wild, like a tyrant, play the bully, gansterism而这些表达法分别与以下喻体相关：tyrant暴君、恃强凌弱者bully. 打入冷宫：冷宫是指君王安置失宠后妃的地方: in the moon palace. Just a wife who had lost her husbands love. Drop to the bottom of the ice-hole. 这时我们可以说loss of favor, in disfavor, fall into disgrace.然而“掌上明珠”就可以有两种译文：a pearl in my parentspalm，或者the apple of my parentseye. 所以翻译汉语的比喻有三种方式：按照汉语字面模式、用英语相应的比喻，避免字面直译,要翻译意思，但是英语表达要地道。汉英句式结构的对比英语句子有严谨的主谓结构，主次分明、层次清楚，而汉语不受形态约束，结构比较复杂、多样。而本文非常明显地体现了汉语的这些特点，常常句子一逗再逗，因此要对汉语进行重组。汉英动静态对比英语倾向于多用名词，因而叙述呈静态，而汉语倾向于多用动词，因而呈动态。汉译英的过程往往是动态与静态转换的过程，适当运用这一原则常常可以使译文比较符合表达习惯。我受父母宠爱：a spoiled child of my parents 隔离: to be isolated, in isolation 据在小屋子里be confined to the little house.打入冷宫：to be in disfavour 郁郁不得志feel frustrated. 百花怒放：the flowers were in full bloom.通过这些例子可以看出英语使用名词、形容词、介词、及to be, to feel 等弱势动词把原文的动态转变为静态。得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，较好译文： Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family.译文2: Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs (in my family) owing to my doting parents.译文3：Before I was taken ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。较好译文：Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and felt frustrated/my wings clipped.译文2：Feeling like being deposed(罢免) into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.译文3：Once isolated and locked away in a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly felt being thrown away, and became sullen and disappointed.一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。较好译文：One spring evening, with myriads（无数的）of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats.译文2：On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.译文3：One spring evening, my parents held a party in the full blossoms in the garden. In no time, the garden became lively with the guests and filled with their laughter.我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。译文1：In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation.译文2：I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests/helping treat(host) the guests .译文3：In the small house on the slope, I lifted the curtain, quietly, only to see the hustle and bustle（奔忙） in the garden, with my brothers, sisters and cousins among the guests, all in jubilation.较好译文：In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in rejoicing.一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。较好译文：All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into tears.译文