高考被动语态考点系列讲与练.doc

高考被动语态考点系列讲与练在英语的两种语态中，对于大多数学生而言，主动语态较易接受和理解，而被动语态则是学习和备考的重点和难点。考点1：考查被动语态的启用与构成形式【考例】1.The heros story differently in the newspapers .（NMET2005全国） Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported【考例】2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. (NMET2005山东卷)A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away【考例】3. Millions of poundsworth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (NMET2005重庆)Ahas been caused Bhad been caused Cwill be causedDwill have been caused【考例】4. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. (NMET)A. have been taken place；have been set up B. have taken place；have been set up C. have taken place；have set up D. were taken place；were set up【考点透视】 被动语态的构成。被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而上变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6.was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.10should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.被动语态的特殊结构形式1带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。【备考策略】分清及物与不及物动词，记准被动语态的各种时态的构成形式以及可以用被动语态的的场合。【体验高考】 1. According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars. (NMET 2004 年全国卷 III, 30)A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting2. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (NMET 2004年江苏, 26)A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated3. All the employees except the manager to work online at home. (NMET 2004年广东，21)A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged4. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. (NMET 2001 年春季北京，12) A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose【考例】1. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. (NMET2005上海)A. sentB. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent【考例】2.-Why did you leave that position? (2005北京31).-I _ a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered【考例】3.- The window is dirty. (NMET2004广州卷)- I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned【考点透视】被动语态时态的用法是高考考查的热点。被动语态时态的用法与主动语态相应时态的用法大致是一样的。但被动语态一般不常用于将来进行时态和各种完成进行时态。表示现在或经常发生的被动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态；表示现在之前发生的被动动作或过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，用现在完成时的被动语态。试比较：Tom, you are wanted on the phone. 汤姆，你有电话。Ten houses have been set up by now. 到目前为止，已经建好了十座房子。【考例】4. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （NEMT2005辽宁卷）Awas called Bis calledChad been called Dhas been called【考例】5. I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. ? (NMET2005春)A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finishedC. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish【考例】6. You can see the house _ for years. (MET1981)A. isnt painted B. hasnt painted C. hasnt been painted D. hadnt been painted表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；表示过去某个时候之前发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。试比较：I was invited to the party yesterday. 我昨天应邀参加了晚会。He said his car had been stolen. 他说他的汽车失窃了。【考例】7. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment _. (NMET2005春)A. is damaged B. had damagedC. damaged D. was damaged【考例】8. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. (上海2003 春)A. would be completed B. was being completedC. has been completed D. had been completed表示现在或现阶段正在发生的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态；表示过去某个时候或过去某段时间正在进行的被动动作，用过去进行时的被动语态。试比较：The car is being repaired over there now. 那辆汽车现在正在那边修理。When I called, coffee was being served. 我来拜访时，正赶上咖啡之际。【考例】9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (上海2002 春)A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut表示现在之后的将来发生的被动动作，用一般将来时的被动语态；表示从过去某个时候看今后将要发生的被动动作，用过去将来时的被动语态。值得注意的是，状语从句指将来情况时，不能用将来时态，通常用一般现在时或一般过去时的被动结构表示未发生的被动动作。试比较：The work will be finished tomorrow. 这项工作明天完成。He said that the factory would be built next month.他说这座工厂下个月建成。【考例】10. I need one more stamp before my collection _ . (NMET1994)A.has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作，用将来完成时的被动语态；表示从过去看在将来某个时候以前发生的被动动作，用过去将来时的被动语态。试比较：This car will have been driven by Smith for five years by next month.到下个月，这辆汽车将由史密斯驾驶五年了。John said the letter would have been finished by supper. 约翰说那封信将在晚饭之前写完。【考例】11. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006. (MET2004北京)A.has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed【考例】12. The rice _ if you had been more careful. (MET1988)A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt【备考策略】被动语态常与时态结合在一起来考查，此部分是高考语态考查中最主要的内容，在复习中要注意分析语境，选择合适时态的被动语态构成形式。【体验高考】1. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served2. This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killedB. is killedC. was killedD. was killing3. - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991)A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春2003）A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided5. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001）A. was bookedB. had been bookedC. were bookedD. have been booked6. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A. will request B. are requested C. are requesting D. request7. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A. completed B. complete C. had been completedD. have been completed考点3：考查非谓语动词的被动语态【考例】1_ from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （NMET2005湖北卷）ABeing separatedBHaving separatedCHaving been separatedDTo be separated【考例】2All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. （NMET2005辽宁卷）Ain order to have receivedBin order to receive Cso as to be receivedDso as to be receiving【考点透视】 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。【考例】 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen【考例】4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海1996）A. to persuadedB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded 不定式表示被动的意义The meeting is to be held next week.He wanted to be sent to the hard area.有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”,“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。The box is not strong enough to stand this.Its too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much remains to do.The text is hard to learn.【考例】5. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (2003全国)A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blame D. should blame 动名词表示被动的意义He insisted on being sent to the hard area.在动词need, require等的主动语态和形容词worth后, 表示被动的意义My watch needs repairing.The book is worth reading. 现在分词表示被动的意义The building being built is a school.Not having been told, he didnt know where to start. 过去分词表示被动的意义Heated, the metal expands.【备考策略】弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。考点4：考查作补语的被动语态【考例】6. The missing boys were last seen_ near the river.()AplayingBto be playingCplay Dto play【考例】7. More attention should be paid _ our education if possible.(1995)Ato developing Bto developmentCto develop Dfor developing【备考策略】复习中要注意双宾语的动词，含复合宾语的动词变被动语态应注意加不加to，短语动词变为被动语时应注意短语中介词或副词不能漏掉。考点5：get过去分词构成的被动语态【考例】8. Sarah, hurry up. I am afraid you cant have time to_ before the party. (NMET 2004 年全国卷II, 28)Aget changedBget changeCget changingDget to change【备考策略】应注意主动语态变为被动语态时，有时用get代替be，但是用get时很不正式，多用于口语中，并且其后不能跟by执行者，这一结构更多地是近似于系动词become，表示一种结果或状态，而非动作。考点6：被动语态在其它句型中的用法。【考例】9. _ in the regulations that you should not tell oth